| Campylobacter | ||||||||||||
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 Campylobacter bacteria | ||||||||||||
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C. The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have The Proteobacteria are a major group ( Phylum) of Bacteria. They include a wide variety of Pathogens such as Escherichia, The Proteobacteria are a major group ( Phylum) of Bacteria. They include a wide variety of Pathogens such as Escherichia, The Campylobacterales are an order of Proteobacteria. They make up the epsilon subdivision together with the small family Nautiliaceae. The Campylobacterales are an order of Proteobacteria. They make up the epsilon subdivision together with the small family Nautiliaceae. coli |
The genus Campylobacter are Gram-negative, spiral, microaerophilic bacteria. Campylobacter upsaliensis is a species of Campylobacter. It can be found in cats and dogs A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Gram-negative bacteria are those Bacteria that do not retain Crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol Microaerophilic Organisms are a specific type of microorganism (especially bacteria that requires Oxygen to survive but requires environments containing lower levels The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have Motile, with either uni- or bi-polar flagella, the organisms have a somewhat curved, rod-like appearance, and are oxidase-positive. Motility is a biological term which refers to the ability to move spontaneously and actively consuming energy in the process A flagellum ( plural flagella) is a tail-like structure that projects from the Cell body of certain Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells and it This page is about the bacterial genus For the class see Bacilli. An oxidase is any Enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation/reduction reaction involving molecular Oxygen (O2 as the electron acceptor [1] Campylobacter jejuni is now recognised as one of the main causes of bacterial foodborne disease in many developed countries. [2] At least a dozen species of Campylobacter have been implicated in human disease, with C. jejuni and C. Campylobacter jejuni is a Species of curved Rod-shaped, non-spore forming Gram-negative Microaerophilic, Bacteria coli the most common. [1] C. fetus is a cause of spontaneous abortions in cattle and sheep, as well as an opportunisitic pathogen in humans. Campylobacter fetus is a species of Gram-negative, Motile bacteria with a characteristic " S -shaped" rod morphology similar Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family A pathogen (from Greek πάθος pathos "suffering passion" and γἰγνομαι (γεν- gignomai (gen- "I give birth to" infectious [3]
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Genome
The genomes of several Campylobacter species have been sequenced, providing insights into their mechanisms of pathogenesis. In classical genetics the genome of a Diploid Organism including Eukarya refers to a full set of chromosomes or genes in a Gamete, thereby [4]
Campylobacter species contain two flagellin genes in tandem for motility, flaA and flaB. Flagellin is a Protein that arranges itself in a hollow cylinder to form the filament in Bacterial Flagellum. These genes undergo intergenic recombination, further contributing to their virulence. [5] Non-motile mutants do not colonize.
Pathogenesis
Campylobacteriosis is an infection by campylobacter [6]. Campylobacteriosis is an Infection by the Campylobacter Bacterium, most commonly C An infection is the detrimental Colonization of a host Organism by a foreign Species. The common routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person sexual contact, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and the eating of raw meat. It produces an inflammatory, sometimes bloody, diarrhea, periodontitis [7] or dysentery syndrome, mostly including cramps, fever and pain. In Medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea (see spelling differences) is frequent loose or liquid Bowel movements Acute diarrhea Dysentery (formerly known as flux or the bloody flux) is an infection of the digestive system that results in severe Diarrhea containing mucus and blood The infection is usually self-limiting and in most cases, symptomatic treatment by reposition of liquid and electrolyte replacement is enough in human infections. The use of antibiotics, on the other hand, is controversial.
Cause
This is most commonly caused by C. jejuni, a spiral and comma shaped bacterium normally found in cattle, swine, and birds, where it is non-pathogenic. But the illness can also be caused by C. coli (also found in cattle, swine, and birds) C. upsaliensis (found in cats and dogs) and C. Campylobacter upsaliensis is a species of Campylobacter. It can be found in cats and dogs lari (present in seabirds in particular).
One cause of the effects of campylobacteriosis is tissue injury in the gut. The sites of tissue injury include the jejunum, the ileum, and the colon. In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the jejunum is the central of the three divisions of the Small intestine and lies between the Duodenum and In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the ileum is the final section of the Small intestine. The colon is a storage tube for solid wastes The main function of the colon appears to be extraction of Water and salts from Feces. C jejuni appears to achieve this by invading and destroying epithelial cells.
Some strains of C jejuni produce a cholera-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed in infections. Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious Gastroenteritis caused by the Bacterium The organism produces diffuse, bloody, edematous, and exudative enteritis. In a small number of cases, the infection may be associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura through a poorly understood mechanism. In Medicine, hemolytic-uremic syndrome (or haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, abbreviated HUS is a disease characterized by Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ( TTP or Moschcowitz disease) is a rare disorder of the blood-coagulation system causing extensive microscopic
References
- ^ a b Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology, 4th ed. , McGraw Hill, pp. 378–80. ISBN 0838585299.
- ^ Moore JE, et al. (2005). "Campylobacter". Vet Res 36 (3): 351-82. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 15845230.
- ^ Sauerwein R, Bisseling J, Horrevorts A (1993). "Septic abortion associated with Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus infection: case report and review of the literature". Infection 21 (5): 331-3. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 8300253.
- ^ Fouts DE et al. (2005). "Major structural differences and novel potential virulence mechanisms from the genomes of multiple Campylobacter species". PLoS Biol 3 (1): e15. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 15660156.
- ^ Grant C, Konkel M, Cieplak W, Tompkins L (1993). "Role of flagella in adherence, internalization, and translocation of Campylobacter jejuni in nonpolarized and polarized epithelial cell cultures". Infect Immun 61 (5): 1764-71. PMID 8478066.
- ^ cdc.gov
- ^ Humphrey, Tom et al. (2007). "Campylobacters as zoonotic pathogens: A food production perspective <internet>". International Journal of Food Microbiology 117 (3). doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
See also
External links
Dictionary
campylobacter
-noun
- Any bacteria of the genus Campylobacter; a principal cause of food poisoning
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