| Campania | |
 |
|
 |
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| Geography | |
| Status | Region |
|---|---|
| Capital | Naples |
| President | Antonio Bassolino (DS-Union) |
| Provinces | Avellino Benevento Caserta Naples Salerno |
| Area | 13,595 km² |
| - Ranked | 12th (4. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Antonio Bassolino, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (born March 20, 1947) is an Italian politician The Democrats of the Left ( Democratici di Sinistra, DS was a left-wing Italian political party and part of the Olive Tree electoral coalition The Union ( Italian: L'Unione) was an Italian Centre-left Political party coalition led by Romano Prodi, the In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Avellino (Provincia di Avellino is a province in the Campania region of Italy. The Province of Benevento (Provincia di Benevento is a province in the Campania region of Italy. The Province of Caserta (Provincia di Caserta is a province in the Campania region of Italy. The Province of Naples ( Italian: Provincia di Napoli, Nnapulitano: Pruvincia 'e Nàpule) is a province in the Campania The Province of Salerno (Provincia di Salerno is a province in the Campania region of Italy. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of These are ranked lists of the regions of Italy. Population figures are from 2001 5 %) |
| Population (2006 est. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology ) | |
| - Total | 5,790,929 |
| - Ranked | 2nd (9. These are ranked lists of the regions of Italy. Population figures are from 2001 8 %) |
| - Density | 426/km² |
Campania is a region of southern Italy in Europe. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Geography Southern Italy forms the lower "boot" of the Italian peninsula containing the ankle (Abruzzo and Molise and southern Lazio the toe (Calabria and the heel The region has a population of around 5. 8 million people, making it the second-most-populous region of Italy, its total area of 13,595 km² makes it the most densely populated region in the country. [1] Located on the Italian Peninsula, with the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west, the small Flegrean Islands and Capri are also administratively part of the region. Th Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula (Penisola italiana or Penisola appenninica) is one of the three Peninsulas of Southern Europe The Tyrrhenian Sea (Mar Tirreno is part of the Mediterranean Sea off of the western coast of Italy. The Flegrean Islands are an Archipelago in southern Italy, comprising the islands of Ischia, Procida, Vivara and Nisida Capri ( Italian pronunciation Cápri usual English pronunciation Caprí is an Italian island off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side
Throughout much of its history Campania has been at the centre of Western Civilisation's most significant entities. Western culture (sometimes equated with Western Civilization) are terms which are used to refer to Cultures of European origin The area was colonised by Ancient Greeks and was within Magna Græcia, until the Roman Republic began to dominate. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the During the Roman era the area was highly respected as a place of culture by the emperors, where it balanced Greco-Roman culture. In modern Olympic and amateur Wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling is a particular style and variation The area had many duchies and principalities during the Middle Ages, in the hands of the Byzantine Empire and some Lombards. A duchy is a territory fief, or domain ruled by a Duke or Duchess. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from
It was under the Normans that the smaller indepedent states were brought together as part of a sizable European kingdom, known as the Kingdom of Sicily, before the mainland broke away to form the Kingdom of Naples. The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae or Sicilie Regno di Sicilia, commonly abbreviated Regno) was a state that existed in the south of Italy The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the Polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of the southern Italian It was during this period that especially elements of Spanish, French and Aragonese culture touched Campania. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Later the area became the central part of the Two Sicilies under the Bourbons, until the Italian unification of 1860 when it became part of the new state Italy. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ( Regno delle Due Sicilie) commonly known as just the Two Sicilies, was the name of a Kingdom in Europe. The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
The capital city of Campania is Naples. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Campania is rich in culture, especially in regards to gastronomy, music, architecture, archeological and ancient sites such as Pompeii, Herculaneum and Paestum. Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between Culture and Food. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Pompeii is a ruined and partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples and Caserta in the Italian region of Campania, in Herculaneum (in modern Italian Ercolano) is an ancient Roman town located in the territory of the current commune of Ercolano. Paestum is the classical Roman name of a major Graeco-Roman city in the Campania region of Italy. The name of Campania itself is derived from Latin, as the Romans knew the region as Campania felix, which translates into English as "fortunate countryside". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time The rich natural sights of Campania make it highly important in the tourism industry, especially along the Amalfi Coast, Mount Vesuvius and the island of Capri. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The Amalfi Coast, or Costiera Amalfitana in Italian, is a stretch of coastline on the southern side of the Sorrentine Peninsula of Italy ( Mount Vesuvius (in Italian Monte Vesuvio and in Latin Mons Vesuvius) is an active Stratovolcano east of Naples Capri ( Italian pronunciation Cápri usual English pronunciation Caprí is an Italian island off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side [2]
Contents |
Geography
Four other regions border Campania; Lazio to the northwest, Molise to the north, Apulia to the northeast and Basilicata to the east. For the football club see SS Lazio Lazio ( Latium in Latin) is a regione of central Molise is a region of Southern Italy, the second smallest of the regions Apulia ( Italian: Puglia) is a region in southeastern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east the Ionian Sea Basilicata is a region in the south of Italy, bordering on Campania to the west Apulia ( Puglia) to the east Calabria to
Campania is divided into five provinces:
History
Ancient tribes and Samnite Wars
.jpg/210px-Temple_of_Hera_(c).jpg)
The original inhabitants of Campania were three defined groups of the Ancient peoples of Italy, who all spoke the Oscan language which is part of the Italic family; their names were the Osci, the Aurunci and the Ausones. Ancient peoples of Italy are all those peoples that lived in Italy (including the islands of Sicily and Sardinia) before the Roman domination Oscan, the language of the Osci, is in the Sabellic branch of the Italic language family, which is a branch of Indo-European that also includes The Italic subfamily is a member of the Indo-European language family's Centum branch The Osci, which may also be referred to by the names of Opici Opsci (for the fertility goddess Ops) and Obsci (Oscans or Opicans in English were historic inhabitants The Aurunci were an Italic population which lived in southern Italy from around the 1st millennium BC. The Ausones ( Ausoni) were an ancient Italic tribe settled in the southern part of Italy. [3] During the 8th century BC, people from Euboea in Greece known as Cumaeans began to establish colonies in the area roughly around the modern day province of Naples. The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. For the mythological figure see Euboea (mythology Euboea ( Modern Greek, Εύβοια - Évia &mdash Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία There is also a small modern Greek Euboean city called Κυμη, near the ruins of the ancient Cuma This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. The Province of Naples ( Italian: Provincia di Napoli, Nnapulitano: Pruvincia 'e Nàpule) is a province in the Campania [4] Another Oscan tribe, the Samnites, had moved from central Italy down into Campania. Samnium ( Oscan: Safinim; Italian Sannio) is a historical region of the south central Apennines in Italy, that was home to the Central Italy is a geographic area in Italy that encompasses four of the country's 20 autonomous regions: Lazio Marches Since the Samnites were more warlike than the civilised Campanians, they easily took over the cities of Capua and Cumae, in the area which was one of the most prosperous and fertile in the Italian Peninsula at the time. Capua is a city in the Province of Caserta, Campania, Italy situated 25 km (16 mi north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of Th Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula (Penisola italiana or Penisola appenninica) is one of the three Peninsulas of Southern Europe [5] During the 340s BC, the Samnites were engaging in warfare with the Roman Republic in a dispute known as the Samnite Wars, with the Romans securing rich pastures of northern Campania during the First Samnite War. In 340 BC Philip II of Macedon led an attack on Byzantium, leaving Alexander, now aged 16 to act as regent of Macedon. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the The First, Second, and Third Samnite wars, between the early Roman Republic and the tribes of Samnium, extended over half a century involving The First, Second, and Third Samnite wars, between the early Roman Republic and the tribes of Samnium, extended over half a century involving [6]
The major remaining independent Greek settlement was Neapolis, and when the town was eventually caputured by the Samnites, the Neapolitans were in need of help. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the During the Second Samnite War, from 326 BC to 304 BC, between Ancient Rome and the Samnites, the Samnites seized Neapolis in However, Philip II of Macedon (father of Alexander the Great), the major Greek leader of the time, was busy fighting further east, so the Neapolitans could not look to the Greeks for assistance. Philip II of Macedon, ( Greek: Φίλιππος Β' ο Μακεδών &mdash φίλος = friend + ίππος = Horse Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' [5] This left them with no other option than to call on the Romans, with whom they established an alliance, setting off the Second Samnite War. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the The First, Second, and Third Samnite wars, between the early Roman Republic and the tribes of Samnium, extended over half a century involving [5] The Roman consul Quinto Publilio Filone recaptured Neapolis by 326 BC and allowed it to remain a Greek city with some autonomy as a civitas foederata while strongly aligned with Rome. Events By place Macedonian Empire In the spring Alexander the Great crosses the Indus near Attock and enters In the history of the Roman empire, civitas (pl civitates mainly referred to the condition of Roman Citizenship It was also used to describe a type of settlement [7] The Second Samnite War ended with the Romans controlling southern Campania and additional regions further to the south. [6]
Roman period
Campania was a fully fledged part of the Roman Republic by the end of the 4th century BC and was a highly valued area, not only for its useful pastures and rich countryside but as a centre of Hellenistic civilization, with its Greek language and customs, creating essentially the first traces of Greco-Roman culture. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. Pasture is land with Herbaceous vegetation cover used for grazing of Ungulate Livestock as part of a Farm or Ranch. This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly In modern Olympic and amateur Wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling is a particular style and variation [8] The Romans had established power on the entire Italian Peninsula, however the Pyrrhic War and the rebellion of the major Magna Græcia cities under Pyrrhus of Epirus in the south brought unrest. The Pyrrhic War ( 280 &ndash 275 BC) was a complex series of battles and shifting political alliances among the Greeks (specifically Epirus, Pyrrhus (318-272 BC ( Greek: Πύρρος Aιακιδης Pyrros Aiakides was one of the most successful ancient Greek generals of the Hellenistic A battle took place in Campania at Maleventum, when the Romans led by consul Curius Dentatus were victorious they renamed the city Beneventum (modern day Benevento) and it grew in stature, second only to Capua in southern Italy. The Battle of Beneventum (275 BC was the last battle fought between the forces of Pyrrhus of Epirus (without Samnite allies and the Romans, led by consul Maleventum is the fourth album by Opera IX. Track listing "Maleventum" – 556 "Princess of the Ancient" Manius Curius Dentatus (d 270 BC son of Manius was a Plebeian hero of Ancient Rome, notable for ending the Samnite War. Benevento is a town and Comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the Province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. [9] During the Second Punic War in 216 BC, Capua saw an opertunity to levy for more power, the city allied with Carthage against Rome, after Capua had their demand of complete equality of power with the Romans rejected. The Second Punic War (referred to as "The War Against Hannibal" by the Romans lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western Events By place Roman Republic The Carthaginian general Hannibal, moves his forces southward through Italy and seizes the large Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers [10] The Capuans were rebellious and isolated as the rest of Campania were loyal allies of Rome, for example Hannibal was forced to flee from Naples, never having set foot in it due to the imposing walls. Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the [8] Capua was eventually starved into submission in the Roman retaking of 211 BC, the Romans came out victorious in the overall wars. The Second Battle of Capua was fought in 211 BC when the Romans besieged Capua. [10]
The rest of Campania, with the exception of Naples, adopted the Latin language as official and was Romanised. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or [11] As part of the Roman Empire, it was a comfortable period for Campania who with Latinum, formed the most important region of the Augustan divisions of Italia; Campania was one of the main areas for grainery. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Fictional currency is Currency in works of Fiction. It is often invented bearing little or no resemblance to any modern or historic currency Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula. A barn is an agricultural building used for storage and as a covered workplace [11] The powerful Roman Emperors chose Campania as an ideal holiday destination, amongst them Claudius and Tiberius, the latter of whom is infamously linked to the island of Capri. The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I ( August 1, 10 BC &ndash October 13, AD 54 ( Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (or Tiberius I) born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16 42 BC – March 16 AD 37) was the second Roman Capri ( Italian pronunciation Cápri usual English pronunciation Caprí is an Italian island off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side [8] It was during this period that Christianity came to Campania; two of the apostles St. Peter and St. Paul are said to have preached in the city of Naples, there were also several martyrs during this time. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Twelve Apostles (Greek apostolos, "someone sent out" e The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom [12] Unfortunately, the period of relative calm was violently interrupted by the epic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 which wiped the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum from the face of the earth. Mount Vesuvius (in Italian Monte Vesuvio and in Latin Mons Vesuvius) is an active Stratovolcano east of Naples Pompeii is a ruined and partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples and Caserta in the Italian region of Campania, in Herculaneum (in modern Italian Ercolano) is an ancient Roman town located in the territory of the current commune of Ercolano. [13] With the Decline of the Roman Empire its last emperor Romulus Augustus was put in a manor house prison near Castel dell'Ovo, Naples in 467, ushering in the beginning of the Dark Ages and a period of uncertainty in regards to the future of the area. The Decline of the Roman Empire, leading to the Fall of the Roman Empire, or the Fall of Rome, was the end of the Western Roman Empire. Romulus Augustus (c 461/463 &ndash after 476 sometimes known as Romulus Augustulus ( Little Augustus) was the last Western Roman Emperor reigning from A manor house or fortified manor-house is a Country house, which has historically formed the administrative centre of a manor (see Manorialism Castel dell'Ovo ( Italian: "Egg Castle" is a castle in the Italian city of Naples. This article is about the phrase "Dark Age(s" as a characterization of the Early Middle Ages in Western Europe [8]
Feudalism in the Middle Ages
- See also: Duchy of Amalfi, Duchy of Sorrento, and Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
The Kingdom
Norman to Angevin
After a period as a Norman kingdom, the Kingdom of Sicily was passed on to the Hohenstaufens who were a highly powerful Germanic royal house of Swabian origins. The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae or Sicilie Regno di Sicilia, commonly abbreviated Regno) was a state that existed in the south of Italy A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic [14] The University of Naples Federico II was founded by Frederick II in the city, the oldest state university in the world, making Naples the intellectual centre of the kingdom. The University of Naples Federico II (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II is a university located in Naples, Italy. Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title [15] Conflict between the Hohenstaufen house and the Papacy, led in 1266 to Pope Innocent IV crowning Angevin Dynasty duke Charles I as the king of the kingdom:[16] Charles officially moved the capital from Palermo to Naples where he resided at the Castel Nuovo. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Pope Innocent IV, born Sinibaldo Fieschi was Pope from June 28, 1243 to December 7, 1254. The Capetian House of Anjou, or the Second Angevin dynasty, was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, established by Charles Count of Anjou Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest Castel Nuovo (Italian "New Castle" often called Maschio Angioino, is a castle in the city of Naples, southern Italy. [17] During this period much Gothic architecture sprang up around Naples, including the Naples Cathedral, which is the main church of the city. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. The Cathedral of Naples (or Duomo) is the main church of Naples, southern Italy. [18]
In 1281, with the advent of the Sicilian Vespers, the kingdom split in half. The Sicilian Vespers is the name given to a rebellion in Sicily in 1282 against the rule of the Angevin king Charles I of Naples, who had taken control The Angevin Kingdom of Naples included the southern part of the Italian peninsula, while the island of Sicily became the Aragonese Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the Polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of the southern Italian Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae or Sicilie Regno di Sicilia, commonly abbreviated Regno) was a state that existed in the south of Italy [16] The wars continued until the peace of Caltabellotta in 1302, which saw Frederick III recognised as king of the Isle of Sicily, while Charles II was recognised as the king of Naples by Pope Boniface VIII. The Peace of Caltabellotta, signed on August 19, 1302, was the last of a series of treaties including those of Tarascon and Anagni, designed Frederick II or III ( 13 December 1272 &ndash 25 June 1337) was the Regent (from 1291 and subsequently King of Sicily Charles II, known as "the Lame" ( French le Boiteux, Italian lo Zoppo; 1254 &ndash 5 May 1309) was Pope Boniface VIII (c 1235 &ndash October 11, 1303) born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 [16] Despite the split, Naples grew in importance, attracting Pisan and Genoese merchants,[19] Tuscan bankers, and with them some of the most championed Renaissance artists of the time, such as Boccaccio, Petrarch and Giotto. The Republic of Pisa was a ''de facto'' independent state centered on the Tuscany city of Pisa during the late tenth and eleventh centuries The Most Serene Republic of Genoa (Repubblica di Genova was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from the 11th century The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar [20] Alfonso I conquered Naples after his victory against the last Angevin king, René, Naples was unified for a brief period with Sicily again. Alfonso the Magnanimous (also Alphonso; Catalan: Alfons) (1396 &ndash 27 June 1458) was the King of Aragon (as The Capetian House of Anjou, or the Second Angevin dynasty, was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, established by Charles Count of Anjou René of Anjou ( January 16, 1409 &ndash July 10, 1480) also known as René I of Naples and Good King René ( French [21]
Aragonese to Bourbon
Sicily and Naples were separated in 1458 but remained as dependencies of Aragon under Ferrante. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. Ferdinand I of Naples should not be confused with Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, a latter king of Naples [22] The new dynasty enhanced Naples' commerce by establishing relations with the Iberian peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Naples also became a centre of the Renaissance, with artists such as Laurana, da Messina, Sannazzaro and Poliziano arriving in the city. Francesco Laurana (de la Vrana, (c 1430 &ndash before 12 March 1502) was a Dalmatian born sculptor and Medallist in Croatia Antonello da Messina, properly Antonello di Giovanni di Antonio (c Jacopo Sannazaro or Sannazzaro ( 28 July 1458 - April 27, 1530) was an Italian poet humanist and epigrammist Angelo Ambrogini, best known as Poliziano ( July 14, 1454 &ndash September 24, 1494) was a Florentine Classical [23] During 1501 Naples became under direct rule from France at the time of Louis XII, as Neapolitan king Frederick was taken as a prisoner to France; this lasted only four years. The Ancien Régime, a French term rendered in English as “Old Rule” “Old Kingdom” or simply “Old Regime” refers primarily to the aristocratic Louis XII ( June 27, 1462 – January 1, 1515) called "the Father of the People" (Le Père du Peuple was the thirty-fifth king Frederick IV ( April 19, 1452 &ndash November 9, 1504) sometimes known as Frederick I or Federico d'Aragona, was the last [24] Spain won Naples at the Battle of Garigliano and, as a result, Naples became under direct rule as part of the Spanish Empire throughout the entire Habsburg Spain period. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Battle of Garigliano was fought on December 29, 1503 between a Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and a French The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1516-1700 when this country was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty (also associated to [24] The Spanish sent viceroys to Naples to directly deal with local issues: the most important of which was Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, who was responsible for considerable social, economic and urban progress in the city; he also supported the Inquisition. A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch. This is a list of viceroys of the Kingdom of Naples. Sometimes the King of Naples if he resided outside of the Kingdom and ruled directly from another kingdom would Don Pedro Álvarez de Toledo ( July 13 1484 - February 21 1553) was the first effective Spanish Viceroy of Naples, responsible for The Spanish Inquisition started and was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile to maintain [25]
During this period Naples became Europe's second largest city after only Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city [26] It was a cultural powerhouse during the Baroque era as home to artists including Caravaggio, Rosa and Bernini, philosophers such as Telesio, Bruno, Campanella and Vico, and writers such as Battista Marino. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, usually just known as Caravaggio, (28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610 was an Italian Artist active in Rome Salvator Rosa ( 1615 - March 15, 1673) was an Italian Baroque painter poet and Printmaker, active in Naples Rome "Bernini" redirects here For people named Bernini see Bernini (surname. Bernardino Telesio (1509 - 1588 was an Italian philosopher and natural scientist Giordano Bruno (1548 – February 17, 1600) was an Italian Philosopher best-known as an early proponent of Heliocentrism and Tommaso Campanella ( September 5, 1568 &ndash May 21, 1639) baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was an Italian Giambattista Vico, Giambattista Vigo or Giovanni Battista Vico ( June 23, 1668 – January 23, 1744) was an Italian Giambattista Marino (also Giovan Battista Marino; 14 October 1569 - 25 March 1625) was an Italian poet who was born in A revolution led by local fisherman Masaniello saw the creation of a brief independent Neapolitan Republic, though this last only a few months before Spanish rule was regained. A fisherman or fisher is someone who gathers Fish, Shellfish, or other animals from a body of water La muette de Portici Masaniello, an abbreviation of Tommaso Aniello (1622 &ndash July 16, 1647) was a Neapolitan Fisherman, who became The Neapolitan Republic between the years 1647 – 1648 was a Republic created in Naples, which lasted for some months and began after the revolt [24] Finally, by 1714, the Spanish ceased to rule Naples as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession; it was the Austrian Charles VI who ruled from Vienna, similarly with viceroys. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Charles VI (German Karl VI) ( October 1, 1685 &ndash October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. [27] However, the War of the Polish Succession saw the Spanish regain Sicily and Naples as part of a personal union, which in the Treaty of Vienna were recognised as independent under a cadet branch of the Spanish Bourbons in 1738 under Charles VII. The War of the Polish Succession ( 1733 - 1738) was sparked by a Polish Civil war over the succession to Augustus II, King of Poland A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Charles III ( January 20, 1716 – December 14, 1788) was King of Spain 1700–88 (as Carlos III King of Naples and [28]
During the time of Ferdinand IV, the French Revolution made its way to Naples: Horatio Nelson, an ally of the Bourbons, even arrived in the city in 1798 to warn against it. Ferdinand I ( Ferdinando Antonio Pasquale Giovanni Nepomuceno Serafino Gennaro Benedetto, January 12, 1751 &ndash January 4, 1825) The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson 1st Viscount Nelson 1st Duke of Bronté, KB (29 September 1758– 21 October 1805 was a British However, Ferdinand was forced to retreat and fled to Palermo, where he was protected by a British fleet. Palermo ( Sicilian: Palermu, Greek: Panormus, al-Madinah during Muslim rule is a historic City in The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) [29] Naples' lower classes (the lazzaroni) were pious and Royalist, favouring the Bourbons; in the mêlée that followed, they fought the Neapolitan pro-Republican aristocracy, causing a civil war. The Naples Lazzaroni is used as a generic term to include various kinds of the lower class people in Naples, Italy. The First Republic in France, officially the French Republic (République française was proclaimed on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. A civil war is a War between a State and domestic political actors that are in control of some part of the territory claimed by the state [29] The Republicans conquered Castel Sant'Elmo and proclaimed a Parthenopaean Republic, secured by the French Army. Sant'Elmo is the name of both a hill and a fortress in Naples located near the Certosa di San Martino. The Parthenopaean Republic (Italian Repubblica Partenopea) was a French -supported Republic in the territory of the Kingdom of Naples, formed The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Land Army is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and its largest [29] A counter-revolutionary religious army of lazzaroni under Fabrizio Ruffo was raised; they had great success and the French surrendered the Neapolitan castles and were allowed to sail back to Toulon. A counter-revolutionary is anyone who opposes a Revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it in full or in part Fabrizio Ruffo ( September 16, 1744 - December 13, 1827) was an Italian cardinal and Politician, who led the Toulon ( Provençal Occitan: Tolon in classical norm or Touloun in Mistralian norm is a city in southern France and a large [29]
Ferdinand IV was restored as king; however, after only seven years Napoleon conquered the kingdom and instated Bonapartist kings including his brother Joseph Bonaparte. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Bonaparte is a French family name of Italian origin Originally Buonaparte, this family claims numerous influential descendents including Corsican Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte King of Naples and Sicily, King of Spain (during a time) and the Indies (never de facto and never de iure [30] With the help of the Austrian Empire and allies, the Bonapartists were defeated in the Neapolitan War and Bourbon Ferdinand IV once again regained the throne and the kingdom. For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. The Neapolitan War between the Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples and the Austrian Empire, started on 15 March 1815 when Joachim Murat [30] The Congress of Vienna in 1815 saw the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily combined to form the Two Sicilies,[30] with Naples as the capital city. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ( Regno delle Due Sicilie) commonly known as just the Two Sicilies, was the name of a Kingdom in Europe. Naples became the first city on the Italian peninsula to have a railway in 1839,[31] there were many factories throughout the kingdom making it a highly important trade centre. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Events January events January 1 - The New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company opens its route between Trenton and [32]
Demographics
The people of Campania have a proud collective common history, however provincial identity takes precedence over their regional Campanian identity. For example, people from the province of Naples (which makes up over half of the total population of Campania) refer to themselves as Neapolitan before Campanian, there is a similar situation in the other Campanian provinces, for example with the people from the province of Salerno and the self-referential term Salernitan (or in their native language, Salernitani). The Province of Naples ( Italian: Provincia di Napoli, Nnapulitano: Pruvincia 'e Nàpule) is a province in the Campania The Province of Salerno (Provincia di Salerno is a province in the Campania region of Italy. Aside from other southern Italians who fall within the historic Two Sicilies area, of the ethnicities outside of Italy itself some of the people associate with the Greeks, especially due to the Magna Græcia and Greco-Roman cultures; this is exemplified in the saying "una faccia, una razza" which means "one face, one race". Geography Southern Italy forms the lower "boot" of the Italian peninsula containing the ankle (Abruzzo and Molise and southern Lazio the toe (Calabria and the heel The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ( Regno delle Due Sicilie) commonly known as just the Two Sicilies, was the name of a Kingdom in Europe. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions In modern Olympic and amateur Wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling is a particular style and variation [33]
Unlike central and northern Italy, in the last decade the region of Campania has not attracted large numbers of immigrants. The Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated in January 2007 that 98,052 foreign-born immigrants live in Campania, equal to only 1. January 2007 is the first month of that year It began on a Monday and 31 days later ended on a Wednesday. 7% of the total regional population. [34] Part of the reason for this is in recent times, there have been more employment opportunities in northern regions than in the Southern Italian regions. Geography Southern Italy forms the lower "boot" of the Italian peninsula containing the ankle (Abruzzo and Molise and southern Lazio the toe (Calabria and the heel
Towns of Campania with a population of 50,000 or more:
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Culture
Cuisine
The pizza in its modern aspect and taste was born in Naples. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Salerno is a town in southern Italy, capital of the province of the same name in the region of Campania. Giugliano in Campania is a town of 105951 inhabitants in the Province of Napoli, Campania, Italy. General Description Torre del Greco (English Tower of the Greek is a town and Comune in the Province of Naples in the Italian region Pozzuoli is a city of the Province of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania. Casoria is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Naples in the Italian region Campania, located about 9 km northeast of Caserta is the capital of the Province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. Castellammare di Stabia is a Comune in the Province of Naples, Campania region southern Italy. Afragóla ( Neapolitan: Afravóla; Afragolese dialect Afraóra) is an important City in Southern Italy Benevento is a town and Comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the Province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. Cava de’Tirreni is a town and commune of Campania, Italy, in the Province of Salerno, 10 kilometers NW by rail from the town of Salerno. Avellino is a town and Comune, capital of the Province of Avellino in the Campania region of southern Italy. Portici is a Town and Comune of the Province of Naples in the Campania region of southern Italy. Ercolano is a town and commune in the Province of Naples, Campania ( Italy) Aversa is a town in the Campania region of southern Italy, about 15 kilometres north of Naples. This article is about the city Acerra For the Ancient Roman sacrificial incense box see Acerra (incense box. Battipaglia is a town and Comune in the Province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy, with some 51000 inhabitants Pizza (ˈpiːtsə, in Italian:) is a popular dish made with an Oven -baked flat generally round Bread that is covered with tomatoes or a tomato-based Historical and original pizzas from Naples are pizza fritta (fried pizza); Calzone (literally "trouser leg"), whick is pizza frita stuffed with ricotta cheese; pizza Marinara (pizza seamans'style), with just olive oil, tomato sauce and garlic; and pizza Margherita, with olive oil, tomato sauce, mozzarella cheese and basil leaves. A calzone ( Italian "stocking" or "trouser" or "drooping sack" or "hanging fold" sometimes referred to as a italian sac, is Ricotta (pronounced in Italian) is an Italian Sheep milk Whey cheese. Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees Pizza (ˈpiːtsə, in Italian:) is a popular dish made with an Oven -baked flat generally round Bread that is covered with tomatoes or a tomato-based Basil ( Ocimum basilicum) (ˈbeɪzəl or /ˈbæzəl/ of the Family Lamiaceae.
Spaghetti is a well known dish from southern Italy and Campania. Spaghetti is a long thin cylindrical Pasta of Italian origin A variety of pasta dishes are based on it from spaghetti with cheese and pepper or garlic and Neapolitans were among the first Europeans to use tomatoes not only as ornamental plant, but also as food and garnish. The tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum, syn Lycopersicon lycopersicum) is a herbaceous usually sprawling plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family
Campania is also home to Lacryma Christi, Fiano, Aglianico, Greco di Tufo, Pere 'e palomma, Ischitano, Taburno, Solopaca, and Taurasi wines. Lacryma Christi, (also Lachryma Christi, literally "tear of Christ" is the name of a celebrated Neapolitan type of Wine produced on the slopes Aglianico (pronounced "ah-LYAH-nee-koe" is a black grape grown in the Campania and Basilicata regions of Italy. Solopaca is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania located about 45 km northeast of Naples and Taurasi is a town (commune in the Province of Avellino, Campania, Italy.
Campania is known for its cheeses, including Mozzarella di Bufala (Mozzarella made from buffalo milk), fiordilatte (flower of milk) made from cow's milk, ricotta from sheep or buffalo milk, provolone from cow milk, and caciotta made from goat milk. Mozzarella is a generic term for several kinds of originally Italian Cheeses that are made using spinning and then cutting (hence the name the Italian verb Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Ricotta (pronounced in Italian) is an Italian Sheep milk Whey cheese. Provolone is an Italian Cheese that originated in southern Italy, where it is still produced in various shapes as in 10 to 15 cm long pear shapes sausage Caciotta is a kind of cheese produced in many regions of Italy from the Milk of Cows sheep, Goats or water buffalo. Buffalo cattle are in Salerno and Caserta. Salerno is a town in southern Italy, capital of the province of the same name in the region of Campania. Caserta is the capital of the Province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy.
Several different cakes and pies are made in Campania. Pastiera pie is made in the Easter period. Pastiera is a type of Italian Cake made with Ricotta cheese It originates from the area of Naples. Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Csatiello and tortano are Easter bread-cakes made by adding lard or oil and various types of cheese to bread dough and garnishing it with slices of salami. For other uses see Salama and Salameh. Salami is cured Sausage, fermented and air-dried
Babà cake is a well known Neapolitan delicacy, best served with Rum or limoncello (a liqueur invented in the Sorrento peninsula). A rum baba or baba au rhum is a small yeast cake saturated in liquor usually Rum, and sometimes filled with Whipped cream or Pastry cream. Rum is a Distilled beverage made from Sugarcane by-products such as Molasses and sugarcane Juice by a process of fermentation Limoncello is a Lemon Liqueur produced in Southern Italy, mainly in the region around the Gulf of Naples, the Sorrentine Peninsula It is an old Austrian cake which arrived in Campania during Austrian domination of the Kingdom of Naples and was modified there to became a "walking cake" for citizens always in hurry for work and other occupations. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the Polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of the southern Italian Sfogliatella is another cake from the Amalfi Coast, which is beginning to be known worldwide, as is Zeppole, which is traditionally eaten on Saint Joseph's day. In Italian cuisine Sfogliatelle (pronounced sfol-j'ah-TEL-e (IPA) are filled Pastries that are shaped like shells or cones The Amalfi Coast, or Costiera Amalfitana in Italian, is a stretch of coastline on the southern side of the Sorrentine Peninsula of Italy ( A zeppola (plural zeppole, in southern dialects zeppoli) or St Joseph "of the House of David " ( Hebrew יוֹסֵף also known as Saint Joseph, Joseph the Betrothed, Joseph of Nazareth Struffoli, little balls fried dough dipped in honey, are enjoyed during the Christmas holidays. Pignolata is a Sicilian pastry and is also common in Calabria. Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the
Another well-known Campanian dish is the so-called Russian salad (which is based on similar dishes from France), made of potatoes in mayonnaise garnished with shrimp and vegetables in vineger. Russian salad or salade russe (also known as Salade Olivier in Russia, Ukraine, Iran, and in the United States) is This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Mayonnaise (sometime abbreviated to mayo in American English and other languages is a thick Condiment made primarily from Vegetable oil and Egg True shrimp are swimming decapod Crustaceans classified in the Infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh The Russians call this same dish Olivier Salad, and the Germans called it italian salad. Another French-derived dish is "gattò" or "gateau di patate" (oven-baked pie made of boiled potatoes).
Fish-based dishes, such as "insalata di mare" (seafood salad), "zuppa di polpo" (octopus soup), and "zuppa di cozze" (mussel soup), are popular. Other regional seafood dishes include "frittelle di mare" (fritters with seaweed), made with edible poseidonia algae, "triglie al cartoccio" (red mullet in the bag), and "alici marinate" (raw anchovies in olive oil). Poseidonia (Ποσειδωνία is a community on the island of Syros, in the Cyclades, Greece. The island of Ischia is famous for its fish dishes, as well as for cooked rabbit.
Campania is home to the beautiful and tasty lemons of Sorrento, which were much loved by German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe:
"Kennst du das Land, wo die Zitronen blühn?" ("Do you know the land where the lemon-trees bloom?), Goethe, Mignon. Sorrento is a small city in Campania, Italy, with some 16500 inhabitants ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer
Rapini (or Broccoli rabe), known locally as friarielli, is often used in Campanian cooking. Rapini (also known as Broccoli Rabe (or Raab Broccoletti, Broccoli di Rape, Cime di Rapa, Campania also produces many nuts, especially in the area of Salerno and Benevento.
Campanian cuisine distinguish itself into various typical zones, Neapolitan is rich of seafood; Salernitan, which mix up mountain and sea; Benevantan and Avellinese from inner and mountain land; Casertan and Aversana rich of fresh vegetables and mozarella cheese; Cilento cuisine typical of the foremost south of Campania; Sorrento cuisine which melts together the cuisine from Naples and from Salerno, and the mountain ones, because Sorrento peninsula it is a mountain which elevates up to from the sea.
Calitrian cuisine is renowned in the region of Campania for being very tasty and rather spicy. Typical hand-made pasta dishes include cingul', the local dish par excellence. This is short, twirly pasta boiled and then served with a thick, tasty tomato sauce. Other varieties of pasta with the same sauce include lahan' and aurecchi' r' preut'- (priest’s ears in the local dialect). Others are annazze', served with delicious hot tomato sauce and pecorino cheese; and sciliend' (a special vermicelli-like pasta) with a condiment of garlic-fried oil and hot chili pepper.
Arts
Campania and Naples are famous through the centuries.
From Greek colony of Elea nowadays named Velia in Campania were the philosophers of the Pre-Socratic philosophy school, Parmenides and Zeno of Elea Their time was about in 490 - 480 B. Elea may refer to Velia (town, Italy Elea Kyrenia, Cyprus Elea Nicosia, Cyprus "Velia" redirects here See also Velia (hill and Novi Velia. The Pre-Socratic Greek philosophers were active before Socrates or contemporaneously but expounding knowledge developed earlier Parmenides of Elea ( Greek:, early 5th century BC was an Ancient Greek Philosopher born in Elea, a Greek city on the southern coast of Zeno of Elea (ˈziːnoʊ əv ˈɛliə Greek: Ζήνων ὁ Ἐλεάτης (ca C. Zeno was famous for his paradoxes and called by Aristotle the inventor of the dialectic. Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. In classical Philosophy, dialectic (διαλεκτική is controversy the exchange of arguments and counter-arguments respectively advocating Propositions
Latin poet Virgilius (70 B. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or C. - 19 B. C. ) loved Campania very much, so much that he decided to establish in Naples. Many parts of his epic poem and immortal masterpiece Aeneid are located in Campania. For the group of nine Ancient Egyptian deities see Ennead. The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd in
Ancient scientist Plinius Pliny the elder who wrote a "Naturalis Historia" ("Pliny's History of the Nature") studied the Volcano Vesuvius and was poisoned and killed by gas emitted from the volcano during the famous eruption in 79 A. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author D.
His nephew Pliny the younger eventually survived and described the eruption and the death of his uncle in a famous letter to one of his friends. Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, born Gaius Caecilius or Gaius Caecilius Cilo (61/63 - ca
In Naples in 476 A. D. circa died last emperor of western empire of Rome Romulus Augustus, prisoner of German general Odoacer. Romulus Augustus (c 461/463 &ndash after 476 sometimes known as Romulus Augustulus ( Little Augustus) was the last Western Roman Emperor reigning from Odoacer (435–493 also known as Odovacar (from the Germanic Audawakrs, meaning "watchful of wealth" was a Roman general and the
Artist Giotto in middle age made some fresco paints in Castel Nuovo. Castel Nuovo (Italian "New Castle" often called Maschio Angioino, is a castle in the city of Naples, southern Italy. Unfortunately these paintings were destroyed by an earthquake.
In the end of middle age, the medical school of Salerno which combined ancient Roman and Greek medicine with recent discoveries of Arab medicine was known in all Europe. Salerno is a town in southern Italy, capital of the province of the same name in the region of Campania. Its methods were then adopted in all the continent. It could be reckognized as being almost the first university in whole Europe, but as there are no certain documents that it was organized like a modern university as we known it, then the preeminence of being the first modern university in the world it tooks to "Alma Mater Studiorum" University in Bologna. The University of Bologna (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna UNIBO) is one of the oldest continually operating degree-granting universities in the world Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy
Boccaccio poet from Tuscany visited various time Naples, and described it vivid into Decameron as dissolute city. The Decameron (subtitle Prencipe Galeotto) is a collection of 100 Novellas by Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio, probably begun in He had a love story with a noble woman close to King of Naples.
Famous in 1500 is the big book tale named "Lo cunto de li cunti" by Giovan Battista Basile. Giambattista Basile (1566 or 1575 – February 23, 1632) was an Italian Poet, Courtier, and Fairy tale collector
In 1570 the famous writer Cervantes who wrote romance "Don Quixote" served as Spanish soldier a period in Naples. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( in modern Spanish; September 29, 1547 &ndash April 22, 1616) was a Spanish Novelist es '''''Don Quixote''''' (, see spelling and pronunciation below fully titled es '''''El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha''''' ("The Ingenious Hidalgo Don he said of the city that it was the beauties city he had ever visited.
Literate and poet Torquato Tasso author of the epic poem la "Gerusalemme Liberata" was born in Sorrento in 1575. Torquato Tasso ( 11 March 1544 &ndash 25 April 1595) was an Italian Poet of the 16th century best known for his poem Jerusalem Delivered ( La Gerusalemme liberata) (first published 1581 is an Epic poem by the Italian poet Torquato Tasso which tells
The first modern description and studies on the of the "camera obscura" ("dark chamber"), are firmly established in Italy with the availability of Giovanni Battista della Porta in its masterpiece Magiae Naturalis, ("Natural Magic") in 1558 . The camera obscura (Latin dark chamber) is an optical device used for example in drawing or for entertainment Giambattista della Porta (1535?1 - 1615 also known as Giovanni Battista Della Porta was an Italian scholar Polymath and Playwright who Natural magic in the context of Renaissance magic is that part of the Occult which deals with Natural forces directly as opposed to Ceremonial magic These studies then led to construction of first photocameras in 1850 circa by French scientists Niepce and Daguerre. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce ( March 7, 1765 &ndash July 5, 1833) was a French Inventor, most noted as the inventor of
Phliosoper Giordano Bruno was born in Nola. Giordano Bruno (1548 – February 17, 1600) was an Italian Philosopher best-known as an early proponent of Heliocentrism and Nola is a city of Campania, Italy, in the Province of Naples, situated in the plain between Mount Vesuvius and the Apennines. He was the first to teorize infinte suns and infinite worlds in the universe. He was burnt in Rome by Inquisition in 1600. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The term Inquisition can refer to any one of several institutions charged with trying and convicting heretics within the Roman Catholic Church and
Of 1630 circa it is the first modern song of europen music history "Michelemmà".
In 1606 ca. the famous painter Caravaggio established his studio in Naples. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, usually just known as Caravaggio, (28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610 was an Italian Artist active in Rome His life was really riotus. He was even harmed in a riot in 1609 near Cerriglio inn.
Famous Italian architect Cosimo Fanzago from Bergamo decided to live his life in Naples. Cosimo Fanzago (1591 - 1678 was an Italian architect and sculptor generally considered the greatest such artist of the Baroque period in Naples, Italy Bergamo ( Bèrghem in Lombard, antiquated Wälsch-Bergen in German) is a town in Lombardy, Italy, about
In period of 1700 Naples was the last city to be visited by literate and philosopes who enterprised the "Grand Tour" which was the big touring (looping) voyage to visit all the important cultural sites of the European continent.
Italian architect Luigi Vanvitelli son of Dutch architect Kaspar van Wittel build the Kingdom Palace in Caserta in 1750 circa. Luigi Vanvitelli ( May 12, 1700, Naples &ndash March 1 1773, Caserta) was an Italian engineer and architect The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Caserta is the capital of the Province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. He contributed to the construction of many neoclassic-style palaces in which the nobles of Naples spent their holidays. These palaces are now known worldwide as "Ville Vesuviane".
Raimondo di Sangro, prince of Sansevero, was a scientist and one of the last alchemists.
German writer Goethe visited Campania and Naples in 1786 and was amazed by the beauty of it. ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer
German archaeologist Johann Joachim Winckelmann also visited Naples, Paestum, Herculaneum and Pompeii in 1748 and later, studying how where conducted acheological surveys in kingdom of Naples. Johann Joachim Winckelmann ( December 9, 1717 - June 8, 1768) a German Art historian and Archaeologist, He was one of the first to study drawings, statues, stones, and ancient burned scrolls made of papyrus found in the excavations of city of Herculaneum. His masterpiece, the "Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums" ("History of Ancient Art"), published in 1764, was soon recognized as a significant contribution to European literature.
Archaeological excavations in Pompeii were initiated by King Charles III of Naples in 1748. He issued the first modern laws in Europe to protect, defend and preserve archaeological sites.
Famous Neapolitan musicians of that period are Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli and Giovanni Paisiello. Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli ( 4 April 1752 - 5 May 1837) was an Italian Composer, chiefly of Opera. Giovanni Paisiello (or Paesiello) ( May 9, 1740 &ndash June 5, 1816) was an Italian Composer of the
Musician Rossini lived many years in Naples, where he wrote numerous compositions.
Italian poet and writer Giacomo Leopardi established his home in Naples and Torre del Greco lived there at the end of his young brief life. Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi Conte ( June 29, 1798 &ndash June 14, 1837) was an Italian Poet, General Description Torre del Greco (English Tower of the Greek is a town and Comune in the Province of Naples in the Italian region It was there that he wrote the Ode to the Ginestra flower. Ginestra is a town and Comune in the Province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. He died in Naples in 1837 .
The first volcano observatory, the Vesuvius Observatory, was founded in Naples in 1841. A volcano observatory is an institution that conducts research and monitoring of a Volcano.
Geologist Giuseppe Mercalli, born in Milan in 1850, was one of the most famous directors of Vesuvius Observatory. Giuseppe Mercalli ( May 21, 1850 - March 19, 1914) was an Italian Volcanologist. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. He invented in 1902 the first scientific method to study the effects of an earthquake, the Mercalli intensity scale (also known as MCS, MWM or recently MM). The Mercalli intensity scale is a scale used for measuring the intensity of an Earthquake. The scale quantifies the effects of an earthquake on the Earth's surface, humans, objects of nature, and man-made structures on a scale of 1 through 12, with 1 denoting a weak earthquake and 12 one that causes almost complete destruction. It represents the results of an earthquake as reported by human eye and considering only the surface of the earth, so it became quickly obsolete and replaced by Richter Magnitude Scale which quantifies the real amount of energy of the seismic movements. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released Nothwithstanding of this fact the Mercalli scale is still useful to quantify the damages of an earthquake. He died in the fire of his house in 1914. British statesman William Ewart Gladstone (1809-98), exposed in newspaper articles the horrors of the prison system of the Kingdom of Naples in the mid-nineteenth century. His pamphlets gave enormous help to the cause of re-unification of Italy in 1861 and increase notheworthy his reputation in homeland, as representative of the British Parliament to be then elected as Prime Minister. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those It was later discovered that he never visited any neapolitan prison, neither investigated upon that jail system. He simply reported voices and wannabe testimoniances. These articles, containing a long list of absurd lies and propagandistic inventions, and probably were made to support invasion and annexion of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies by the Kingdom of Piedmont, with the following foundation of modern Italy. Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy.
French writer Alexandre Dumas, père was directly involved in the process of re-unification of Italy, and sojourned two or three years in Naples, where he wrote many historical novels regarding that city. He was also a known newspaper correspondent.
Francesco de Sanctis, writer, literate, politician and two times Minister of Instructions after re-unification of Italy in 1861, was born in Morra de Sanctis near Benevento. Francesco de Sanctis ( March 28, 1817 &ndash December 29, 1883) was an Italian literary critic considered the most important scholar
German scientist Anton Dohrn founded in Naples the first public aquarium in the world and laboratory of study of the sea known as Maritime Zoological Station. Felix Anton Dohrn ( September 29, 1840 - September 26, 1909) was a prominent German Darwinist and the founder and first
Also famous is Astronomic Observatory of Capodimonte founded by King Gioacchino Murat general of French emperor Napoleon in 1816. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The observatory it is now the site hosts the Italian Laboratory of Astrophisics.
We remember also the Botanic Garden of Naples and again the Geological Station of the Volcano Vesuvius.
Doctors and surgeons Antonio Cardarelli, and Giuseppe Moscati were ensign representatives of the medicine studies in Naples. Saint Giuseppe Moscati ( July 25, 1880 – April 12, 1927) was an Italian doctor, scientific researcher Their life was an example for all city and the entire nation.
Doctor Giuseppe Moscati, for his extraordinary devout and religious life and his care to the poors of Naples was first declared "Blessed" by Roman Church in 1975, and proclaimed "Saint" by Pope John Paul II in 1987. Pope
Famous worldwide are the schools of sightseeing pictures known as "School of Posillipo" and "School of Resina" out of period from 1800-1900 circa. There were famous painters like Giacinto Gigante, Raffaele Carelli, Teodoro Duclère, Achille Vianelli, Vincenzo Franceschini, Alessandro La Volpe, Giuseppe Bonolis, Giuseppe Fagnani, Salvatore Fergola, Emile-Jean-HoraceVernet, Gonsalvo Carelli, Achille Carelli, Giuseppe Carelli, Filippo Palizzi, Nicola Palizzi, Federico Cortese, Simone Campanile, Domenico Morelli, Saverio Altamura, Giuseppe De Nittis, Francesco Sogliano, Michele Cammarano, Eduardo Dalbono, Vincenzo Gemito, Antonio Mancini, Gennaro della Monica, Raffaello Pagliaccetti, Teofilo Patini, Francesco Paolo Michetti, Costantino Barbella, Pasquale Celommi, Gaetano Esposito, Giuseppe Casciaro, Federico Maldarelli, Giuseppe De Simone. Giacinto Gigante (Naples 1806- Naples,1876 Italian painter Best known for his landscapes Domenico Morelli (1823–1901 was an Italian painter one of the most important Neapolitan artists of the 19th century Giuseppe De Nittis ( February 25, 1846 – August 12, 1884) was an Italian painter whose work merges the styles of Salon Gemito's Fisherboyjpg|thumb|200px|Gemito's Fisherboy, replica at The Louvre Paris (the original being at the Museo Nazionale del Bargello in Florence Antonio Mancini (1852-1930 was an Italian painter Biography Mancini was born in Rome and showed precocious ability as an artist
Amongst the painters who inspired directly these schools, we remember Salvator Rosa, Pierre Jacques-Antoine Volaire who became famous for his gouaches, Anton Sminck van Pitloo who preferred to live his remaining life in Naples. Salvator Rosa ( 1615 - March 15, 1673) was an Italian Baroque painter poet and Printmaker, active in Naples Rome
In the begin of the 20th century Naples was the capital of Cinema in Italy, before than Rome and then Milan. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy.
Very important Italian movies of the origins were played in Naples, such as Assunta Spina from a novel of Salvatore di Giacomo. Salvatore Di Giacomo ( March 12 1860 &ndash April 4 1934) was a Neapolitan Poet, Songwriter and Playwright.
The world renowned opera singer Enrico Caruso was also a native of Naples. Enrico Caruso (born Errico Caruso; February 25 1873 &ndash August 2 1921) was an Italian Opera singer
In Capri lived for a certain time the Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir I. Capri ( Italian pronunciation Cápri usual English pronunciation Caprí is an Italian island off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side Lenin.
From Naples came the mathematician Renato Caccioppoli, nephew of Russian anarchic revolutionary Michael Bakunin. Renato Caccioppoli (katˈtʃɔpːoli ( 20 January, 1904 – 8 May, 1959) was a noted Italian Mathematician. Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin ( - July 1 1876) was a well-known Russian Revolutionary and theorist of Collectivist anarchism. Born in 1904 he committed suicide in 1959. His life was represented in a movie "Morte di un matematico napoletano" ("Death of a neapolitan mathematician") by Mario Martone in 1992.
The first President of the Italian Republic in 1946 (with a pro-tempore mandate of six months) was lawyer Enrico De Nicola from city of Torre del Greco. Enrico Roberto De Nicola ( November 9, 1877 – October 1, 1959) was an Italian Jurist, Journalist, General Description Torre del Greco (English Tower of the Greek is a town and Comune in the Province of Naples in the Italian region He was famous for his studies regarding the Constitutions.
Campania gave two other Presidents to Italy: Giovanni Leone was various times Prime Minister and then becme elected the 6th President of the Republic; and the actual 11th President Giorgio Napolitano. Giovanni Leone ( 3 November 1908 &ndash 9 November 2001) was an Italian politician Giorgio Napolitano (born June 29 1925) is an Italian Politician and former lifetime senator, the eleventh and current President of the Italian Curiosity: President Napolitano is a former representative of Italian Communist Party (PCI).
20th century most known philosoper and literate in Naples was Benedetto Croce, famous for his studies in aesthetics, ethics, logic, economy, history, politics. Benedetto Croce ( February 25, 1866 – November 20, 1952) was an Italian critic idealist Philosopher, and Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called Ethics is a major branch of Philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life Logic is the study of the principles of valid demonstration and Inference. An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions
Famous Neapolitan artists, actors, playwriters, and showmen were Eduardo De Filippo worldwide known for its theatre works such as "Filumena Marturano" (filumena), and "Questi fantasmi" (a. Eduardo De Filippo, often called simply Eduardo ( 24 May, 1900 - 31 October 1984) was an Italian actor playwright screenwriter Filumena Marturano is one of the most celebrated and best known plays of the Italian playwright and philosopher Eduardo De Filippo. k. a. "Souls of Naples)", Peppino De Filippo and their sister Titina De Filippo. Peppino De Filippo ( August 24, 1903 - January 27, 1980) was an Italian actor Titina De Filippo, born Annunziata De Filippo ( 27 March 1898 - 26 December 1965) was an Italian actress and playwright
The prince Antonio de Curtis was one of the most important actors in Naples in the 20th century. Antonio Focas Flavio Angelo Ducas Comneno De Curtis Di Bisanzio Gagliardi, Imperial Highness Palatine Count Knight of the Holy Roman Empire Exarch of Ravenna Duke of Macedonia Known around the world by his art nickname of Totò he worked with Pier Paolo Pasolini in the movie "Uccellacci e uccellini". Antonio Focas Flavio Angelo Ducas Comneno De Curtis Di Bisanzio Gagliardi, Imperial Highness Palatine Count Knight of the Holy Roman Empire Exarch of Ravenna Duke of Macedonia Pier Paolo Pasolini ( March 5, 1922 – November 2, 1975) was an Italian Poet, Intellectual, Film director The Hawks and the Sparrows is a 1966 Italian film directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini. He is also known for the song "Malafemmena".
Pop artist Andy Warhol created two famous paintings ofIrpinia Earthquake of 1980: Fate presto and Vesuvius. For the song by David Bowie, see Andy Warhol (song. Andrew Warhola (August 6 1928 &ndash February 22 1987 known as Andy Warhol Irpinia (Latin Hirpinia) is a region of the Apennine Mountains around Avellino, a town in Campania, South Italy about 40 Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Mount Vesuvius (in Italian Monte Vesuvio and in Latin Mons Vesuvius) is an active Stratovolcano east of Naples Both originals are hosted in the exhibit Terrae Motus in King's Palace of Caserta. Caserta is the capital of the Province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy.
The Academy Award-winning actress Sophia Loren grew up in Pozzuoli. Sophia Loren (born September 20 1934 is an Academy Award winning Italian film actress born Sofia Villani Scicolone Pozzuoli is a city of the Province of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania.
The famous cinema producer Dino De Laurentiis (grandfather of Food Network star Giada De Laurentiis) was born in Torre Annunziata. Agostino De Laurentiis, usually credited as Dino De Laurentiis (born August 8 1919) is an Academy Award -winning Italian Torre Annunziata is a city and commune in the Province of Naples, region of Campania in Italy.
Recent campanian writers are Curzio Malaparte and Domenico Rea. Curzio Malaparte ( June 9, 1898 - July 19, 1957) born Kurt Erich Suckert, was an Italian journalist dramatist short-story
Recent campanian actors and directors are Francesco Rosi, Iaia Forte, Pappi Corsicato, Teresa De Sio, Lello Arena, Award winning actor Massimo Troisi, Award winning director Gabriele Salvatores. Francesco Rosi (born November 15, 1922 in Naples) is an Italian Film director. Massimo Troisi (February 19 1953 - June 4 1994 was an Italian Academy Award -nominated actor Film director and poet Gabriele Salvatores (born July 30, 1950) is an Italian Academy Award -winning film director and screenwriter
Recent and modern Italian songers and musicians from Campania are Peppino di Capri, Renato Carosone, Edoardo Bennato, Eugenio bennato Mario Merola, Sergio Bruni, Aurelio Fierro, Roberto Murolo, E. Peppino di Capri (born Giuseppe Faiella in Naples, Italy on July 27, 1939) is an Italian popular music Singer Renato Carosone ( 3 January 1920 &ndash 20 May 2001) was among the greatest figures of Italian music scene in the second half of the Edoardo Bennato ( July 23, 1949) is an Italian Singer-songwriter. Mario Merola ( 6 April 1934 - 12 November 2006) was a Neapolitan singer and actor most prominently known for having rejunevated the traditional A. Mario, Eugenio Bennato Tony Tammaro, Teresa De Sio, Eduardo De Crescenzo, Alan Sorrenti, Jenni Sorrenti, Toni Esposito, Tullio De Piscopo, Gigi Finizio, Massimo Ranieri, Pino Daniele, James Senese and his group Napoli Centrale, Enzo Avitabile, Enzo Gragnaniello, Maria Nazionale, Nino D'Angelo, Gigi D'Alessio, the music groups of 99 Posse, Almamegretta, Bisca, 24 Grana la "Nuova Compagnia di Canto Popolare". Tony Tammaro, stage name of Vincenzo Sarnelli, ( Naples, January 7 1961 is an Italian parody Singer/songwriter. Alan Sorrenti (born Naples, December 9, 1950) is an Italian singer and composer Tullio De Piscopo (born 24 February 1946) is an Italian drummer and singer Massimo Ranieri (name in art of Giovanni Calone) is an Italian pop singer a film and stage actor and a show-business personality Pino Daniele ( 19 March 1955, Naples) is an Italian pop - Blues singer songwriter and musician Enzo Avitabile (born 1955 in Naples, Italy) is an Italian saxophonist Nino d'Angelo (b June 21, 1957) is an Italian Singer. He was born in San Pietro a Patierno, a suburb of Naples. Gigi D'Alessio (born Luigi D'Alessio, February 24 1967) is an Italian popular singer and Neapolitan singer-songwriter 99 Posse are an Italian hip hop / Reggae group from Naples. They rap both in Italian and in the local Naples dialect Almamegretta are a dub/world/reggae group from Naples Italy Their lyrics are in Napoletano. remember all it is almost impossible.
Well known and deservers its place in the history of music it is the music genre called neapolitan song. Canzone Napoletana, sometimes referred to as Neapolitan song, is a generic term for a traditional form of music sung in the Neapolitan language, ordinarily Famous worldwide are O sole mio (a. "' k. a. "It's Now or Never"), Funiculì, Funiculà, O Surdato nnamurato, Torna a Surriento, Guapparia, Santa Lucia Reginella, Marechiaro, Spingule Francese. " Funiculì Funiculà " is a famous song written by Italian journalist Peppino Turco and set to music by Italian composer Luigi Denza "Torna a Surriento" is a Neapolitan song said to have been composed in 1902 by Ernesto De Curtis to words by his brother Giambattista. Santa Lucia is a traditional Neapolitan song. It was transcribed by Teodoro Cottrau (1827–1879 and published by the Cottrau firm as a " barcarolla Famous titles are hundreds. Neapolitan songs are thousands.
Even singers and music directors who do not have Campanian origins wrote Neapolitan songs Paolo Conte, Lucio Dalla, or adapted it to English, like Elvis Presley or Bryan Adams. Paolo Conte (born January 6, 1937) is an Italian Singer, Pianist and Composer notable for his grainy resonant voice Lucio Dalla (born March 4, 1943 in Bologna) is a popular Italian Singer-songwriter {Otherpeople|Brian Adams}} Bryan Adams OC, OBC, (born Bryan Guy Adams on November 5, 1959) is a Canadian rock There are some who perhaps just played neapolitan songs, such as for example Mia Martini or Domenico Modugno. Mia Martini ( September 20, 1947 - May 12, 1995) pseudonym of Domenica Bertè, was a popular and critically acclaimed Italian singer Domenico Modugno ( January 9 1928 - August 6 1994) was a twice Grammy Award -winning Italian Singer, Songwriter Lyric artists Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo and Andrea Bocelli performed it various times. WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes. Thank you--> Luciano Pavarotti, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( October 12, WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> José Plácido Domingo Embil KBE (born January 21, 1941) better Andrea Bocelli, Grande Ufficiale Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana OMRI (born 22 September 1958 is an Italian Operatic pop Tenor
There are also famous film artists who directed movies about Naples or actors who played famous movies in Campania, or even interpreted famous Neapolitans on-screen, including directors and actors Vittorio De Sica, Nanni Loi, Domenico Modugno, Renzo Arbore, Lina Wertmüller, Mario Lanza as "Caruso", Clark Gable in "It started in Naples", Jack Lemmon in the movies "Avanti!" and "Maccheroni" (a. Vittorio De Sica ( 7 July 1901 or 1902&ndash 13 November 1974) was a critically acclaimed Italian neorealist director Domenico Modugno ( January 9 1928 - August 6 1994) was a twice Grammy Award -winning Italian Singer, Songwriter Renzo Arbore (born June 24, 1937 in Foggia) is an Italian television showman singer musician film actor and director Lina Wertmüller (born Arcangela Felice Assunta Wertmüller von Elgg Spanol von Braueich on 14 August 1928) is an Italian Film director WikipediaWikiProject_Opera#Infoboxes --> Mario Lanza ( January 31, 1921 &ndash October 7 1959 Enrico Caruso (born Errico Caruso; February 25 1873 &ndash August 2 1921) was an Italian Opera singer Clark Gable (February 1 &ndashNovember 16) was an iconic American Actor nicknamed "The King of Hollywood" in his heyday John Uhler "Jack" Lemmon III (February 8 1925 &ndash June 27 2001 was an American Actor known principally for his comedic roles Avanti! is a 1972 comedy directed by Billy Wilder, starring Jack Lemmon, Juliet Mills, Clive Revill, Edward Andrews thumb|right|200px|Macaroni thumb|right|200px|Macaroni and cheese Macaroni is a kind of moderately extended machine-made dry Pasta. k. a. "Macaroni") played together with Marcello Mastroianni. thumb|right|200px|Macaroni thumb|right|200px|Macaroni and cheese Macaroni is a kind of moderately extended machine-made dry Pasta. Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni (September 28 1924 &ndash December 19 1996 was an Italian film actor
Sports
Campania is very famous in Italy for its football teams, water polo, volleyball, and more recently for basketball and tennis.
The school of swords in Naples is the oldest in the country and the only in Italy in which a swordsman could acquire the title of "master of swords" and then teach the art of fence.
The sail clubs in Naples "Circolo Savoia" and "Cannottieri Napoli" are both very ancient in Italy and famous for thir regattas, and are also home for the main waterpolo teams.
Many sailsmen from Naples and Campania participate as crew to "America's Cup" sailing championship. The America’s Cup is the most prestigious Regatta and Match race in the sport of Sailing, and the oldest active Trophy in international
In Castellammare di Stabia were born the Lorenzo Abbagnale and Carmine Abbagnale brothers four times rowing world champions and Olympic gold medallists. Castellammare di Stabia is a Comune in the Province of Naples, Campania region southern Italy. Carmine Abbagnale (born July 5, 1962) is an Italian competition rower and Olympic champion GB coxless pair of Toby Garbett & Rick Dunn at Henley Royal Regatta 2004 The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games
- S.S.C. Napoli playing in Serie A
- U.S. Avellino which plays in Serie B
- Salernitana Calcio 1919 playing in Serie C1/B
- S.S. Juve Stabia from Castellammare di Stabia which plays in Serie C1/B
- S.S. Cavese 1919 from Cava de' Tirreni which plays in Serie C1/A
- Benevento Calcio playing in Serie C2/B
- A.G. Nocerina 1910 from Nocera Inferiore playing in Serie D
- F.C. Savoia 1908 playing in Serie D
See Also
References
- ^ "Campania", Encyclopædia Britannica, 7 October 2007. Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli, commonly referred to as simply Napoli or the abbreviation SSC Napoli, is an Italian professional football club based Serie A (officially known as the Lega Calcio Serie A TIM for Sponsorship reasons is a professional league competition for football clubs located Unione Sportiva Avellino is an Italian football club based in Avellino, Campania. Promotion and Relegation At the end of the season, three teams are promoted to Serie A and four teams are relegated to Serie C1. Salernitana Calcio 1919, commonly referred to as simply Salernitana, is an Italian professional football club from Salerno, Campania Società Sportiva Juve Stabia is an Italian football club based in Castellammare di Stabia, Campania. Castellammare di Stabia is a Comune in the Province of Naples, Campania region southern Italy. Società Sportiva Cavese 1919 is an Italian football club based in Cava de' Tirreni, Campania. Cava de’Tirreni is a town and commune of Campania, Italy, in the Province of Salerno, 10 kilometers NW by rail from the town of Salerno. Benevento Calcio is an Italian football club based in Benevento, Campania. Associazione Giovanile Nocerina 1910 ( English: Youth Association Nocerina 1910) is an Italian football club based in Nocera Nocera Inferiore, formerly Nocera dei Pagani, is a town and comune in Campania, Italy in the Province of Salerno, at the foot of Monte Albino 20 km History When in 1948 the three Leagues running Division 3 (Italian Serie C) had to be reorganized due to ever growing regional team joining FIGC decided Football Club Savoia 1908 is an Italian football club located in Torre Annunziata, Campania. History When in 1948 the three Leagues running Division 3 (Italian Serie C) had to be reorganized due to ever growing regional team joining FIGC decided The Naples waste management issue was a series of events surrounding the lack of garbage collection in the city of Naples. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Campania: Gateway to Southern Italy", LifeInItaly. com, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Italia Antiqua - XV, Campania", InStoria. it, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Campania: History", Interteam. it, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ a b c "The Samnite Wars", UNRV. com, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ a b "Ancient Times - 1st millennium B.C.", Michael Vigorita, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Roman Naples", Faculty. ed. umuc. du, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ a b c d "Antic Naples", Naples. Rome-in-Italy. com, 8 January 2008. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ Oakley, Stephen P. A Commentary on Livy, Books VI-X. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199271437.
- ^ a b "Second Punic War: Second Period, From The Revolt Of Capua To The Battle Of The Metaurus - b.C. 215-207", Roman-Empire. info, 8 January 2008. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ a b "Campania: A Little History", Emmeti. it, 8 January 2008. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^
"Naples" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia. . - ^ "Secrets of the Dead: Pompeii and Herculaneum", Channel4. com, 8 January 2008. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ "Swabian Naples", Faculty. ed. umuc. edu, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Italy: PhD Scholarships in Various Fields at University of Naples-Federico II", ScholarshipNet. info, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ a b c "Sicilian History", Dieli. net, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Naples - Castel Nuovo", PlanetWare. com, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ Bruzelius, Caroline. "ad modum franciae": Charles of Anjou and Gothic Architecture in the Kingdom of Sicily. The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians.
- ^ Constable, Olivia Remie. Housing the Stranger in the Mediterranean World: Lodging, Trade, and Travel. Humana Press. ISBN 1588291715.
- ^ "Angioino Castle, Naples", Naples-City. info, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Aragonese Overseas Expansion, 1282-1479", Zum. de, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Ferrante of Naples: the statecraft of a Renaissance prince", Questia. com, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Naples Middle-Ages", Naples. Rome-in-Italy. com, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ a b c "Spanish acquisition of Naples", Britannica. com, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Don Pedro de Toledo", Faculty. ed. umuc. edu, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Naples Through the Ages", Fodors. com, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Charles VI, Holy Roman emperor", Bartleby. com, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Charles of Bourbon - the restorer of the Kingdom of Naples", RealCasaDiBorbone. it, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ a b c d "The Parthenopean Republic", Faculty. ed. umuc. edu, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ a b c "Austria Naples - Neapolitan War 1815", Onwar. com, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "La dolce vita? Italy by rail, 1839-1914", Questia. com, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Why Neo-Bourbons", NeoBorbonici. it, 7 October 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
- ^ "Greek Italy", ArticleValhalla. net, 20 November 2007. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT
External links
- Campania travel guide from Wikitravel
- Official Region homepage
- Campania Photo Gallery
- typical food products
- Map of Campania
- typical wines of Campania
- Vesuvius Observatory
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