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Camillo Golgi
Camillo Golgi, 1906
Camillo Golgi, 1906
Born July 7, 1843(1843-07-07)
Corteno, Italy
Died January 21, 1926 (aged 82)
Pavia, Italy
Nationality Italian
Fields Neuroscience
Notable awards Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1906)

Camillo Golgi (July 7, 1843 – January 21, 1926) was an Italian physician and scientist. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Córteno Golgi (Còrten in Camunian dialect) is an Italian village in the central Alps, in the province of Brescia, High Camonica Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health A scientist, in the broadest sense refers to any person that engages in a systematic activity to acquire Knowledge or an individual that engages in such practices

Contents

Biography

Camillo Golgi was born in Corteno (Brescia). His father was a physician and district medical officer. Golgi studied at University of Pavia, where he worked in the experimental pathology laboratory under Giulio Bizzozero, who elucidated the properties of bone marrow. Pathology (from Greek grc πάθος pathos, "fate harm" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study and Giulio Bizzozero (1846-1901 was an Italian doctor and medical researcher Bone marrow is the flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of Bones In adults marrow in large bones produces new Blood cells It constitutes 4% of He graduated in 1865. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year He spent much of his career studying the central nervous system. In Vertebrates the central nervous system ( CNS) is the part of the Nervous system which is enclosed in the Meninges. Tissue staining techniques in the latter half of the 19th century were inadequate for studying nervous tissue. Staining is an auxiliary Technique used in Microscopy to enhance contrast in the microscopic image The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Nervous tissue is the fourth major class of Vertebrate tissue. While working as chief medical officer in a psychiatric hospital, he experimented with metal impregnation of nervous tissue, using mainly silver (silver staining). A psychiatric hospital (previously called insane asylum, mental hospital; or derogatorily looney bin, nut house or Funny Farm) is The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Silver staining is the use of Silver to stain Histologic sections This kind of staining is important especially to show Proteins (for example type III He discovered a method of staining nervous tissue which would stain a limited number of cells at random, in their entirety. This enabled him to view the paths of nerve cells in the brain for the first time. The brain is the center of the Nervous system in animals All Vertebrates and the majority of Invertebrates have a brain He called his discovery the "black reaction" (in Italian, reazione nera), which later received his name (Golgi's method) or Golgi stain. Golgi's method is a Nervous tissue Staining technique discovered by Italian Physician and Scientist Camillo Golgi (1843-1926 Golgi's method is a Nervous tissue Staining technique discovered by Italian Physician and Scientist Camillo Golgi (1843-1926 The reason for the random staining is still not understood.

Drawing by Camillo Golgi of a hippocampus stained with the silver nitrate method.
Drawing by Camillo Golgi of a hippocampus stained with the silver nitrate method. The hippocampus is a part of the Forebrain, located in the medial Temporal lobe.

The black reaction consisted in fixing silver chromate particles to the neurilemma (the neuron membrane) by reacting silver nitrate with potassium dichromate. Silver chromate (Ag2CrO4 is a brown-red Monoclinic crystal and is a chemical precursor to modern Photography. Neurolemma (also neurilemma and sheath of Schwann) is the outermost layer of Nerve fibers in the Peripheral nervous system. Silver nitrate also known as lunar caustic is a soluble Chemical compound with Chemical formula Ag[[Nitrogen N]] O 3 Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7 is a common inorganic chemical reagent most commonly used as an Oxidizing agent in various laboratory This resulted in a stark black deposit on the soma as well as on the axon and all dendrites, providing an exceedingly clear and well contrasted picture of neuron against a yellow background. The soma, or cyton or perikaryon, is the bulbous end of a Neuron, containing the Cell nucleus. An axon or nerve fiber is a long slender projectionof a nerve cell or Neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's Cell Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον déndron, “tree” are the branched projections of a Neuron that act to conduct the electrochemical Neurons (ˈnjuːɹɒn also known as neurones and nerve cells) are responsive cells in the Nervous system that process and transmit information The ability to visualize separate neurons led to the eventual acceptance of the neuron doctrine. The neuron doctrine is the now fundamental idea that Neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the Nervous system. [1]

In addition to this discovery, Golgi discovered a tendon sensory organ that bears his name (Golgi receptor). A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of Fibrous connective tissue that usually connects Muscle to Bone and is capable of withstanding tension See also Sense A sensory system is a part of the Nervous system responsible for processing sensory information The Golgi organ (also called Golgi tendon organ, neurotendinous organ or neurotendinous spindle is a Proprioceptive Sensory receptor organ that is located He studied the life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum and related the timing of fevers seen in malaria with the life cycle of this organism. Plasmodium falciparum is a Protozoan Parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause Malaria in humans Fever (also known as pyrexia, from the Greek pyretos meaning fire or a febrile response, from the Latin word Febris Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including Using his staining technique, Golgi identified the intracellular reticular apparatus in 1898 which bears his name, the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus (also called the

In renal physiology Golgi is renown for being the first to show that the distal tubulus of the nephron returns to its originating glomerulus (nerve ending of the Bombula) a finding that he published in 1889 ("Annotazioni intorno all'Istologia dei reni dell'uomo e di altri mammifieri e sull'istogenesi dei canalicoli oriniferi". A nephron (from Greek νεφρός (nephros meaning "kidney" is the basic structural and functional unit of the Kidney. Rendiconti R. Acad. Lincei 5: 545-557, 1889. ).

Golgi, together with Santiago Ramón y Cajal, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for his studies of the structure of the nervous system. Santiago Ramón y Cajal ( May 1 1852 &ndash October 17 1934) was a Spanish histologist, Physician, and The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Golgi died in Pavia, Italy, in January 1926. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Golgi’s landmarks in Pavia

In Pavia several landmarks stand as Golgi’s memory. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south

The statue

The inscription

Golgi’s home in Strada Nuova

The facade of the house with the inscription

The inscription

General view of the tomb

The bronze medallion with Golgi’s profile

References

  1. ^ The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (1999) The MIT Press Bradford book, by Kathleen S. Rockland p 353

External links

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