Jacobine Camilla Collett, née Wergeland (January 23, 1813 - March 6, 1895) was a Norwegian writer, often referred to as the first Norwegian feminist. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate She was also the younger sister of Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland, and is recognized as being one of the first contributors to realism in Norwegian literature. Henrik Arnold Thaulow Wergeland ( June 17, 1808 in Kristiansand – July 12, 1845 in Christiania) was a Norwegian Realism in the Visual arts and Literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in Everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation Norwegian literature is literature composed in Norway or by Norwegian people.
Life
Camilla was born in Kristiansand, the daughter of Nicolai Wergeland, a noted theologian, politician, and composer in his time, and Alette nee Thaulow. (formerly "Christianssand" is a city and municipality, and the capital of the county of Vest-Agder, Norway and of the geographical Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance When Camilla was four, her family moved to Eidsvoll, where her father was made parish priest. For the town in Australia see Eidsvold Queensland is a municipality in the county of Akershus Norway. Camilla grew up in a literary family, and she became a young diarist, in part because she found life in Eidsvoll dull. She spent most of her teens at a finishing school in Christiansfeld in Denmark. Christiansfeld is a town in Kolding municipality in southern Jutland in Region Syddanmark in Denmark. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe
During a visit to Kristiania she met and fell in love with the poet Johan Sebastian Welhaven, who was also her brother Henrik's literary nemesis. (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Johan Sebastian Cammermeyer Welhaven, ( December 22, 1807 - October 21, 1873) Norwegian poet and critic was born in Bergen Relation between the three was complicated and in time became legendary in Norwegian Romanticism. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Collett was philosophically aligned with the Welhaven side of the debate, and her relationship with her brother may have been uneasy for some time. But there are indications that Camilla carried some resentment toward her father and brother over their opposition to her relationship with Welhaven.
In any event, her relationship with Welhaven eventually ended, and in 1841 she married Peter Jonas Collett, a prominent politician, literary critic, and member of Intelligenspartiet (the Intelligence party). It was by all accounts a marriage born out of love. As it turned out, he was a supportive and understanding husband with whom Camilla could discuss any topic. She started writing for publication after she married Collett.
Her most famous work is her only novel, Amtmandens Døttre (The District Governor's Daughters) which was published anonymously in two separate parts in 1854 and 1855. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The book is considered one of the first political novels in Norway and deals with the difficulties of being a woman in a patriarchical society in general and forced marriages specifically. Forced marriage is a term used to describe a marriage in which one or more of the parties is married without his or her consent or against his or her will She also wrote a number of essays and polemics, as well as her memoirs.
Her literary models included female writers such as Rahel Varnhagen and George Sand, as well as Edward Bulwer Lytton and Theodor Mundt. Rahel Varnhagen (ˈʁaːɛl ˈfaʁnhaːgən née Levin ( June 19, 1771 - March 7, 1833) was a German-Jewish writer who hosted one Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, later Baroness (French baronne) Dudevant ( July 1, 1804 &ndash June 8, 1876 Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton 1st Baron Lytton ( May 25, 1803 – Theodor Mundt Theodor Mundt ( Her style represented a departure from her contemporaries, in that she preferred a more casual, natural tone.
After ten years of marriage, Collett suddenly died. This left Camilla in a delicate situation with her four young sons. She was forced to sell her house and never managed to buy a new one again. Her three eldest sons were sent to be raised by relatives. She struggled with personal financial problems for the rest of her life.
She died in Kristiania in 1895.
Bibliography
- Amtmandens Døttre (novel) 1854–55 (reviewed editions: 1860, 1879)
- Fortællinger (short prose) 1861
- I de lange Nætter (diary) 1863
- Sidste Blade I–III (articles) 1868–73
- Fra de Stummes Leir (articles) 1877
- Mod Strømmen I–II (articles) 1879–85
- Skrifter I–X (collection of works) 1892–93
- Dagbøker og breve (with Peter Jonas Collett) 1926–34 .
External links
- (Norwegian) Short biography on hivolda.no
- (Norwegian) link to all her works, at UiO.no
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