Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in Trinidad and Tobago at about the start of the 20th century. Kaiso is a type of music popular in Trinidad, which originated in West Africa, and later evolved into Calypso. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Trinidad and Tobago Carnival is celebrated two days before Ash Wednesday. The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (ˈtrɪnɪdæd ən təˈbeɪgoʊ is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American The trombone is a Musical instrument in the brass family Like all brass instruments it is a lip-reed Aerophone: sound is produced when the player’s The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the The conga is tall narrow single-headed Cuban Drum of African origin probably derived from the Congolese Makuta drums or Sikulu A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Extempo (also extempo calypso is a lyrically improvised form of calypso and is most notably practised in Trinidad and Tobago. Chutney music is a form of music indigenous to the southern Caribbean (primarily Trinidad & Tobago) which derives elements from soca and Indian Chut-Kai-pang is a style of music that is a cross between Trinidad ’s traditional Christmas music Parang, sung in Spanish with Venezuelan rhythms has merged with Rapso is a form of Trinidadian music that grew out of the social unrest of the 1970s Soca is a form of Dance music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from Calypso music. In Costa Rica the calypso and other afro-caribbean rhythms are mostly important in the Province of Limón, where most of the Jamaican immigrations first came in the nineteenth Cariso is a kind of Trinidadian folk music and an important ancestor of Calypso music. During the 19th century Trinidadians and other Caribbean islanders began migration to Venezuela, particularly in the city of El Callao to work in the gold Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March A calypsonian is a Musician, usually from Trinidad, who has studied calypso and memorised its traditional tunes and stanzas Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->The Caribbean music area is home to a number of Calypso tents are venues in which Calypsonians perform during the Carnival season For the municipality in the Philippines see Picong Lanao del Sur. The Caribbean state of Trinidad and Tobago is best known as the homeland of Calypso music, including 1950s stars Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow Canboulay is a part of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival celebration Chutney music is a form of music indigenous to the southern Caribbean (primarily Trinidad & Tobago) which derives elements from soca and Indian Steelpans (also known as steeldrums or pans, and sometimes collectively with Musicians as a steelband) is a Musical instrument and A calypsonian is a Musician, usually from Trinidad, who has studied calypso and memorised its traditional tunes and stanzas Calypso tents are venues in which Calypsonians perform during the Carnival season For the municipality in the Philippines see Picong Lanao del Sur. Parang is a type of music with Caribbean and Latin American cultural influences Soca is a form of Dance music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from Calypso music. Rapso is a form of Trinidadian music that grew out of the social unrest of the 1970s Pichakaree (or pichakaaree) is an Indo-Trinidadian musical form which originated in Trinidad and Tobago. The music of Anguilla is part of the Lesser Antillean music area. Antigua and Barbuda is a Caribbean nation in the Lesser Antilles island chain The Music of The Bahamas is associated primarily with Junkanoo, a celebration which occurs on Boxing Day ( December 26) and again on The music of Barbados includes distinctive national styles of folk and Popular music, as well as elements of Western classical and Religious Bermuda is an Atlantic island and an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, often treated as part of the Caribbean music area. The Cayman Islands a Caribbean island chain is a Crown Colony of the United Kingdom. The music of Dominica plays an important role in the social and culture life of the Antillean island of Dominica. The music of Jamaica includes Jamaican folk music and many popular genres such as Mento, Ska, Rocksteady, Reggae, Dub music Montserrat is a dependency of the United Kingdom. The influence of Irish traditions is apparent in Montserrat's symbols and heritage especially the Set dance -like Saint Kitts and Nevis is an island nation in the Caribbean, known for a number of musical celebrations including Carnival ( December 17 to January 3 Saint Lucia, an island in the Caribbean, is home to many vibrant oral and folk traditions Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Caribbean island with thriving music scenes based on Big Drum, calypso, soca, Steelpan and also The Caribbean state of Trinidad and Tobago is best known as the homeland of Calypso music, including 1950s stars Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow The Turks and Caicos Islands are an overseas dependency of the United Kingdom. The music of the Virgin Islands reflects long-standing cultural ties to the island nations to the south as well as to various European colonialists The music of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba is a mixture of native African and European elements and is closely connected with trends from neighboring countries like Venezuela The Caribbean island of Cuba has developed a wide range of creolized musical styles based on its cultural origins in Europe and Africa The Dominican Republic is known primarily for Merengue, though Bachata and other forms are also popular The Music of Haiti is influenced most greatly by European colonial ties and African migration (through Slavery) The former French Colony of Martinique is a small island in the Caribbean. The Music of Puerto Rico has been influenced by the African, Taíno Indians and the Spanish, and has become very popular across Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (ˈtrɪnɪdæd ən təˈbeɪgoʊ is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The roots of the genre lay in the arrival of African slaves, who, not being allowed to speak with each other, communicated through song. This forged a sense of community among the Africans, who saw their colonial masters change rapidly, bringing French, Spanish and British music styles to the island of Trinidad. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Trinidad ( Spanish: " Trinity " is the largest and most populous of the two major islands and The French brought Carnival to Trinidad, and calypso competitions at Carnival grew in popularity, especially after the abolition of slavery in 1834. The Trinidad and Tobago Carnival is celebrated two days before Ash Wednesday. While most authorities stress the African roots of calypso, in his 1986 book Calypso from France to Trinidad, 800 Years of History veteran calypsonian The Roaring Lion (Rafael de Leon) asserted that calypso descends from the music of the medieval French troubadours. Roaring Lion (born Rafael de Leon, Aroquita, Trinidad, British Trinidad and Tobago, February 22, 1908; d A troubadour ( IPA:, originally) was a composer and performer of Occitan Lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100&ndash1350

Over 100 years ago, calypso further evolved into a way of spreading news around Trinidad. Trinidad ( Spanish: " Trinity " is the largest and most populous of the two major islands and Politicians, journalists, and public figures often debated the content of each song, and many islanders considered these songs the most reliable news source. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends Calypsonians pushed the boundaries of free speech as their lyrics spread news of any topic relevant to island life, including speaking out against political corruption. A calypsonian is a Musician, usually from Trinidad, who has studied calypso and memorised its traditional tunes and stanzas Eventually British rule enforced censorship and police began to scan these songs for damaging content. Censorship is the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable harmful or sensitive as determined by a censor Even with this censorship, calypsos continued to push boundaries.

The first calypso recordings, made by Lovey's String Band, came in 1912, and inaugurated the "Golden Age of Calypso". A gramophone Lovey's String Band were a Trinidadian musical group They are known primarily for having been the earliest known calypso group to have ever recorded By the 1920s, calypso tents were set up at Carnival for calypsonians to practice before competitions; these have now become showcases for new music. The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada Calypso tents are venues in which Calypsonians perform during the Carnival season

The first major stars of calypso started crossing over to new audiences worldwide in the late 1930s. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. Attila the Hun, Roaring Lion and Lord Invader were first, followed by Lord Kitchener, one of the longest-lasting calypso stars in history—he continued to release hit records until his death in 2000. Attila the Hun (also spelled Atilla the Hun) was the name taken by the prominent Calypsonian born Raymond Quevedo ( March 24 1892 - Roaring Lion (born Rafael de Leon, Aroquita, Trinidad, British Trinidad and Tobago, February 22, 1908; d Lord Invader (* 1915 as Rupert Westmore Grant in San Fernando, Trinidad;; † 15 For the First World War leader see Horatio Kitchener Lord Kitchener (* April 18, 1922 as Aldwyn Roberts 1944's Rum and Coca-Cola by the Andrews Sisters, a cover of a Lord Invader song, became an American hit. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. " Rum and Coca-Cola " is the title of a popular calypso. The Andrews Sisters were a Close harmony singing group consisting of sisters LaVerne Sophie Andrews ( Contralto; July 6, 1911 &ndash May In Popular music, a cover version, or simply cover, is a new rendition ( Performance or Recording) of a previously recorded commercially released

Calypso, especially a toned down, commercial variant, became a worldwide craze with the release of the "Banana Boat Song", a traditional Jamaican folk song, whose best-known rendition was done by Harry Belafonte on his 1956 album Calypso; Calypso was the first full-length record to sell more than a million copies. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. Harold George Belafonte Jr (born March 1 1927 is an American musician actor and Social activist. Calypso is an album by Harry Belafonte, released by RCA Victor (LPM-1248 in 1956 1956 also saw the massive international hit Jean and Dinah by Mighty Sparrow. Jean and Dinah is a calypso from Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean sung by Calypsonian Mighty Sparrow which became an international Mighty Sparrow or Birdie (born Slinger Francisco, July 9, 1935, in Grandroy Bay, Grenada, West Indies) is a This song was a sly comment as a "plan of action" for the calypsonian on the easy availability of prostitutes after the closing of the United States naval base on Trinidad at Chagaramas. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A naval dockyard is a Dockyard that primarily serves a Navy. See also Military base Royal Navy Dockyards

In the 1957, Broadway musical Jamaica Harold Arlen and Yip Harburg cleverly parodied "commercial", Harry Belafonte style Calypso. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. Jamaica is a musical with a book by E Y Harburg and Fred Saidy, lyrics by Harburg and music by Harold Arlen. Harold Arlen ( February 15, 1905 – April 23, 1986) was an American Composer of popular music Edgar Yipsel Harburg ( April 8 1896 – March 4 1981) best known as Yip Harburg, was an American Lyricist Parody music, or musical parody, involves changing or recycling existing (usually very well known musical ideas or lyrics - or copying the peculiar style of a composer or artist Harold George Belafonte Jr (born March 1 1927 is an American musician actor and Social activist.

Early forms of calypso were also heavily influenced by jazz such as Sans Humanitae, the extempo melody in which calypsonians lyricise impromptu, commenting socially or insulting each other, without humanity—once again the French influence. Many calypso chord progressions can be linked to twelve bar jams in jazz as demonstrated by Lord Kitchener, one of the most famous calypsonians.

Elements of calypso have been incorporated in jazz to form calypso jazz. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Calypso jazz is a style of music and Improvisation that combines elements of Calypso music with elements of traditional Jazz.

References

See also

• Caribbean Carnival
• Carnival Road March
• Soca music
• Extempo
• Mento, a Jamaican folk music related to Calypso
• Mighty Sparrow
• Lord Kitchener
• List of calypso musicians
• List of calypso-like genres

External links

• Caribbean Music Caribbean Music TV. Caribbean Carnival is the term used for a number of events that take place in many of the Caribbean islands annually The Carnival Road March is the musical composition played most often at the "judging points" along the parade route during Carnival. Soca is a form of Dance music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from Calypso music. Extempo (also extempo calypso is a lyrically improvised form of calypso and is most notably practised in Trinidad and Tobago. The article is about the Jamaican musical style For the DC comics character see Mento (comics. Mighty Sparrow or Birdie (born Slinger Francisco, July 9, 1935, in Grandroy Bay, Grenada, West Indies) is a For the First World War leader see Horatio Kitchener Lord Kitchener (* April 18, 1922 as Aldwyn Roberts This is a list of calypso musicians. Bands and artistes are listed by the first letter in their name (not including the words "a" "an" or "the" Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->The Caribbean music area is home to a number of
• The Calypso Archives
• Calypsonians Database
• Origin of Calypso
• Calypso Dreams | Link is dead
• Muriel's Treasure: A Weekly Hour of Calypso on WFMU Radio