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Calouste Gulbenkian

Calouste Gulbenkian when he was in his late 20's.
Born March 23, 1869
Üsküdar, Ottoman Empire
Died July 20, 1955
Lisbon, Portugal
Occupation Businessman and philanthropist
Spouse Nevarte Essayan
Children Nubar Sarkis (b. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Üsküdar is a large and densely populated suburb of Istanbul, on the Anatolian shore of the Bosphorus right opposite the heart of the great city next The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. A businessperson (also businessman or businesswoman) is someone who is employed at usually a profit-oriented enterprise, or more specifically someone Philanthropy is the act of donating money goods services time and/or effort to support a socially beneficial cause with a defined objective and with no financial or material Nubar Sarkis Gulbenkian (1896&ndash1972 was a Turkish -born Armenian Petroleum magnate and Socialite. 1896), Rita Sivarte (b. 1900).
Parents Sarkis and Dirouhie Gulbenkian.

Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian (23 March 1869 – 20 July 1955) was an Armenian businessman and philanthropist. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large Philanthropy is the act of donating money goods services time and/or effort to support a socially beneficial cause with a defined objective and with no financial or material He played a major role in making the petroleum reserves of the Middle East available to Western development. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. By the end of his life he had become one of the world's wealthiest individuals and his art acquisitions considered one of the greatest private collections.

Contents

Biography

Calouste Gulbenkian was born in Scutari (now Üsküdar and part of Istanbul), the son of an Armenian oil importer/exporter. Üsküdar is a large and densely populated suburb of Istanbul, on the Anatolian shore of the Bosphorus right opposite the heart of the great city next Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey His father sent him to be educated at King's College London, where he studied petroleum engineering, and then to examine the Russian oil industry at Baku. King's College London is a British Higher education institution and co-founding constituent college of the federal University of London. Petroleum engineering refers to the subsurface engineering activities related to the production of Hydrocarbons, which can be either Crude oil or Gas. Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan While still in his twenties he ended up in London arranging deals in the oil business. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit After becoming a naturalized British citizen in 1902, he was involved in arranging the 1907 merger resulting in Royal Dutch/Shell and emerged from that effort as a major shareholder. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known simply as Shell, is a multinational oil company of Dutch and British origins His habit of retaining five per cent of the shares of the oil companies he developed earned him the nickname, Mr. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Five Percent. [1]

In 1912 Gulbenkian was the brain behind the creation of the Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC) — a consortium of the largest European oil companies aimed at cooperatively procuring oil exploration and development rights in the Ottoman Empire territory of Iraq, while excluding other interests. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish A promise of these rights was made to the TPC, but the beginning of World War I interrupted their efforts.

During the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, Iraq came under British mandate. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Heated and prolonged negotiations ensued regarding which companies could invest in the Turkish Petroleum Company. The TPC was granted exclusive oil exploration rights to Iraq in 1925. The discovery of a large oil reserve at Baba Gurgur provided the impetus to conclude negotiations and in July 1928 an agreement was signed which determined which oil companies could invest in TPC and reserved 5% of the shares for Gulbenkian. Baba Gurgur (بابا كركر is a large oil field near the city of Kirkuk which was the first to be discovered in Northern Iraq in 1927 The name of the company was changed to the Iraq Petroleum Company in 1929. The Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC until 1929 called Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC was an oil company jointly owned by some of the world's largest oil companies Actually. the Pasha had given him the entire Iraqi oil concession, but he gave the rest away to corporations able to develop the whole, growing wealthy on the remainder. He reputedly said, "Better a small piece of a big pie, than a big piece of a small one. "

Gulbenkian amassed a huge fortune and an art collection which he kept in a private museum at his Paris home. A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city His four-storey, three-basement home on Avenue d'Iéna was said to be crammed with art, a situation ameliorated in 1936 when he lent thirty paintings to the British National Gallery and his Egyptian sculpture to the British Museum. The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London. He was president of the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) from 1930–1932, resigning as a result of a smear campaign by the Soviet Armenian government. The Armenian General Benevolent Union (Հայկական Բարեգործական Ընդհանուր Միութիւն abbreviated as AGBU, established in 1906 is a Non-profit

In 1938, before the beginning of the Second World War, Calouste Gulbenkian incorporated in Panama a company to hold his assets in the oil industry. Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. It was Participations and Explorations Corporation from which came the name Partex (currently, this oil company, now called Partex Oil and Gas (Holdings) Corporation, is a subsidiary of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation headquartered in Lisbon). Partex Oil and Gas (Holdings Corporation is an oil company which is fully owned by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, from Lisbon, Portugal. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian is a Portuguese Private foundation of public utility whose statutory aims are in the Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal.

By the outset of World War II, he had acquired diplomatic immunity as the Iraqi Minister in Paris. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including He followed the French government when it fled to Vichy and served there as the Iranian minister. Vichy ( Occitan: Vichèi) is a commune in the department of Allier in Auvergne in central France. He left France in late 1942 for Lisbon and would live there until his death in a modest hotel suite at the small Aviz Hotel. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. His Armenian wife died in 1952. They had two children: son Nubar and daughter Rita, the wife of Iranian diplomat Kevork Loris Essayan. Nubar Sarkis Gulbenkian (1896&ndash1972 was a Turkish -born Armenian Petroleum magnate and Socialite.

At the time of his death in 1955, Gulbenkian's worth was estimated at between US$280 million and US$840 million. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) After undisclosed sums willed in trust to his descendants, the remainder of his fortune and art collection were willed to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian), with US$300,000–400,000 to be reserved to restore the Echmiadzin Cathedral in Echmiadzin, Armenia, when relations with the Soviet Union permitted. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian is a Portuguese Private foundation of public utility whose statutory aims are in the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Foundation was to act for charitable, educational, artistic, and scientific purposes, and the named trustees were his long-time friend Baron Radcliffe of Werneth, Lisbon attorney José de Azeredo Perdigão, and his son-in-law Kevork Loris Essayan. The Foundation established the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum (Museu Calouste Gulbenkian) in Lisbon to display his art collection. Museu Calouste Gulbenkian (Calouste Gulbenkian Museum is a museum in Lisbon, Portugal, containing an impressive collection of ancient (and some modern art

See also

Published works

Further reading

For detailed background concerning Gulbenkian and the Red Line Agreement controlling Middle East Oil see

For general background concerning the development of the petroleum industry in the Middle East see

For Gulbenkian as a collector see

References

  1. ^ Norwich, J. J. , & Henson, B. (1987). Mr. Five Percent Calouste Gulbenkian. [S. l. ]: Home Vision. ISBN 9780780007550 , OCLC 31611185

External links

Persondata
NAME Calouste Gulbenkian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian, Mr. Five Percent
SHORT DESCRIPTION Businessman and Philanthropist.
DATE OF BIRTH Mar. 23, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Scutari, Turkey
DATE OF DEATH Jul. 20, 1955
PLACE OF DEATH Lisbon, Portugal
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