| Callidulidae | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 A callidulid moth Tetragonus catamitus laying eggs on a fern in the Western Ghats. The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്വ്വതം
|
||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
| Diversity | ||||||||||||||||
| About 60 species | ||||||||||||||||
| Subfamily and Genus | ||||||||||||||||
|
Pterothysaninae
Griveaudiinae
Callidulinae
|
Callidulidae, the only known family of the superfamily Calliduloidea, is the family of Old World butterfly-moths, containing eight genera. Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. Heteroneura is a natural group (or Clade) in the Insect order Lepidoptera that comprises over 99% of all butterflies and The Ditrysia are a natural group or clade of Insects in the Lepidopteran order containing both butterflies and Moths This is a list of the Diversity of the Lepidoptera showing the estimated number of genera and species described for each superfamily and where available family In Biological classification, family ( Latin A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Taxonomic rank ( rank, category, taxonomic category is an abstract term used in the Scientific classification, or Taxonomy, of organisms Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic They have a peculiar distribution, restricted to the Old World tropics of South East Asia to Australasia and Madagascar. Australasia is a Region of Oceania: New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, and neighbouring Islands in the Pacific Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern The three subfamilies exhibit both day-flying and night-flying behaviour. In Biological classification, family ( Latin
The mainly day-flying Callidulinae can be distinguished by their resting posture, which is the most butterfly-like, with the wings held closely over the back. A butterfly is an Insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a Resembling the butterfly family Lycaenidae, these moths can be told apart by their antennae which taper to a point or may be very subtly clubbed. Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence The Lycaenidae are the second-largest family of butterflies, with about 6000 species worldwide whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies Antennae (singular antenna) are paired Appendages connected to the front-most segments of Arthropods In Crustaceans they are The more often night-flying Pterothysaninae and Griveaudiinae have a different adult resting posture (the latter roof-like in repose) and these were not placed within the Callidulidae until recently. [1]
Biology of most subfamilies and species. is poorly known. Eggs are very flat in Griveaudiinae and Callidulinae, and caterpillars of Callidulinae are green with a shiny black head and have only been reported from ferns[2] forming a leaf roll in which they live, eat and finally pupate, while the pupa of Helicomitra appears to be subterranean. A pupa ( Latin pupa for doll pl pupae or pupas) is the life stage of some Insects undergoing transformation [3]
The closest relatives of Callidulidae are not known, but they are currently placed in a group that includes the three butterfly superfamilies, the "hook-tip moths" Drepanoidea and the "geometer moths" Geometroidea and also possibly Axioidea which share some structural characteristics. A butterfly is an Insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a Drepanoidea is the Superfamily of "hook tip moths" Genera, distributed worldwide Geometroidea is the superfamily of geometrid moths in the Lepidoptera. Axia or the "Gold Moths" is a genus of Moths whose precise relationships within the Macrolepidoptera[http //www [4]
Cited references
- ^ Minet, J. (1986). Ébauche d'une classification moderne de l'ordre des Lépidoptères. Alexanor 14(7): 291–313.
- ^ Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni & Luis M. Hernández. HOSTS database. [1] (Accessed May 2007)
- ^ Minet, J. (1987). Description d'une chrysalide de Pterothysaninae (Lep. Callidulidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (N. S. ) 4(3): 312.
- ^ Minet, J. (1999 [1988]). The Axioidea and Calliduloidea. Ch. 16, pp. 257–261 in Kristensen, N. P. (Ed. ). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
Other references
- Minet, J. (1990 [1989]). Nouvelles frontières, géographiques et taxonomiques, pour la famille des Callidulidae (Lepidoptera, Calliduloidea). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (N. S. ) 6(4): 351–368.
- Maddison, David R. 2003. Callidulidae. [2] in The Tree of Life Web Project, [3] Accessed October 2006
- O'Toole, Christopher (Ed. ) (2002) Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders. ISBN 1-55297-612-2
External links
- Tree of Life
- Natural History Museum hosts database
- Natural History Museum Lepindex Available names
- Moths of Borneo Callidulidae
- Moths of Borneo Callidulinae images
- Callidulinae species
- Callidula attenuata Accessed 4 March 2007
- Photo illustrating rest position
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic