The California Aqueduct is a 444 mile (715 km)-long[1] aqueduct in the United States that carries water from Northern California to Southern California. Tupman is a Census-designated place (CDP in Kern County, California, United States. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand An aqueduct is an artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Northern California is the northern portion of the US state of California. Southern California, or So Cal, is defined as the southern portion of the U A typical section has a concrete-lined channel 40 feet (12 m) wide at the base and an average water depth of about 30 feet (9 m). Concrete is a construction material composed of Cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as Fly ash and Slag A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The widest section of the aqueduct is 110 feet (33. 5 m) and the deepest is 32. 8 feet (10 m). channel capacity is 13,100 ft³/s (371 m³/s) and the largest pumping plant capacity (Dos Amigos) is 15,450 ft³/s (437 m³/s).
The aqueduct begins at the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta at the Banks Pumping Plant which pumps from the Clifton Court Forebay. The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta is an expansive inland River delta and Estuary in northern California in the United States. The Harvey O Banks Pumping Plant is located 25 miles (4 km southwest of the Clifton Court Forebay and 11 Water is pumped by the Banks Pumping Plant to the Bethany Reservoir. The Bethany Reservoir is located 8 miles (13 km northeast of Livermore CA on the California Aqueduct. The reservoir serves as a forebay for the South Bay Aqueduct via the South Bay Pumping Plant. The South Bay Aqueduct is an Aqueduct located in the eastern part of the San Francisco Bay Area The South Bay Pumping Plant is located 4 miles (6 km southwest of the Clifton Court Forebay and 10 From the Bethany Reservoir the aqueduct flows by gravity approximately 60 miles (97 km) to the O'Neil Forebay at the San Luis Reservoir. The San Luis Reservoir is a water-storage " Off-stream " Reservoir located in the eastern part of the Diablo Range in west-central California From the O'Neil Forebay it flows approximately 15 miles (24 km) to the Dos Amigos Pumping Plant. After the Dos Amigos the aqueduct flows about 95 miles (153 km) to where the Coastal Branch splits from the "main line". The Coastal Branch of the California Aqueduct is located in the counties of Kings County, Kern County, San Luis Obispo County. The split is approximately 10 miles (16 km) south-southeast of Kettleman City. Kettleman City is a Census-designated place (CDP in Kings County, California, United States. After the coastal branch, the line continues by gravity another 66 miles (106 km) to the Buena Vista Pumping Plant. From the Buena Vista it flows approximately 27 miles (43 km) to the Teerink Pumping Plant. After Teerlink it flows about 2. 5 miles (4 km) to the Chrisman Pumping Plant. Chrisman is the last pumping plant before Edmonston Pumping Plant, which is 13 miles (21 km) from Chrisman. Edmonston Pumping Plant is a Pumping station near the south end of the California Aqueduct. South of the plant the coastal branch splits off in a southwesterly direction to serve the central coast. At Edmonston Pumping Plant it is pumped 1,926 feet (600 m) over the Tehachapi Mountains. The Tehachapi Mountains (təˈhætʃəˌpi are a short transverse range in southern California in the United States, running SW-NE connecting
Once it has crossed the Tehachapis the aqueduct divides into two branches; the West and the East Branch. The East Branch feeds Lake Perris and the San Gorgonio Pass area, while the West Branch heads towards Pyramid Lake and Castaic Lake in the Angeles National Forest to supply the western Los Angeles basin. Lake Perris State Recreation Area, or simply Lake Perris, is a Reservoir that was completed in 1973. San Gorgonio Pass (el 2600 ft / 790 m cuts between the San Bernardino Mountains on the north and the San Jacinto Mountains to the south Pyramid Lake is also a Lake formed by Pyramid Dam on Piru Creek, near Castaic California. Castaic Lake is a Lake on Castaic Creek formed by Castaic Dam, in northwestern Los Angeles County California, near the town of Castaic The Angeles National Forest (ANF was established on July 1 1908, incorporating the first San Bernardino National Forest and parts of Santa Barbara
Water flows through the aqueduct in a series of abrupt rises and gradual falls. The water flows down a long segment, built at a slight grade, and arrives at a pumping station powered by Path 66 or Path 15. Path 66 (also called the California Oregon Intertie or abbreviated COI) is the name of several 500 kV power lines that were built by Western Path 15 is the name of a major north-south power transmission corridor in California. The pumping station raises the water, where it again gradually flows downhill to the next station. However, where there are substantial drops, the water's potential energy is recaptured by hydroelectric plants. Potential energy can be thought of as Energy stored within a physical system Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water The initial pumping station fed by the Sacramento River Delta raises the water 240 feet (73 m), while a series of pumps culminating at the Edmonston Pumping Plant raises the water 1,926 feet (600 m) to cross the Tehachapi Mountains. The Edmonston Pumping station requires so much power that several power lines off of Path 15 and Path 26 are needed to ensure proper operation of the pumps. Electric power transmission, a process in the delivery of Electricity to consumers is the bulk transfer of electrical power Path 26 is a set of three 500 kV power lines that forms Southern California Edison 's (SCE intertie with Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E to the
The Department of Water Resources (DWR) operates and maintains the California Aqueduct, including two pumped-storage hydroelectric plants, Castaic and Gianelli. The California Department of Water Resources, also known as the DWR, is a department within the California Resources Agency. Hydro-storage redirects here For storage of water for other purposes see Reservoir. Gianelli is located at the base of San Luis Dam, which forms San Luis Reservoir, the largest offstream reservoir in the United States. San Luis Dam is a Dam that creates San Luis Reservoir, which serves as an off-stream reservoir for the California State Water Project. A reservoir is most broadly a place or hollow vessel where Fluid is kept in Reserve, for later use The Castaic Dam and Castaic Power Plant are located on the northern end of Castaic Lake. Castaic Dam is a Dam near the city of Castaic California. It is an earth-fill dam though its surfaces are covered with Boulders and Cobble
External links
- The California Department of Water Resources
- The State Water Project
- The State Water Project, Maps
- The State Water Project Today
- Edmonston Pumping Plant
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