City of Calgary
Downtown Calgary
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname: Cowtown, The Stampede City , The Heart of the New West, The Sandstone City
Motto: Onward
Location of Calgary in Alberta
Coordinates: 51°02′42″N 114°03′26″W / 51.045, -114.05722
Country	Canada
Province	Alberta
Region	Calgary Region
Census division	6
Established	1875
Incorporated	1884 (town)
	1894 (city)
Government [1]
- Mayor	Dave Bronconnier (Past mayors)
- Governing body	Calgary City Council
- Manager	Owen A. The official flag of Calgary Alberta was designed by Gwin Clarke and Yvonne Fritz The Coat of arms of Calgary Alberta was adopted in 1902 after a local contest A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. The Calgary Stampede, which bills itself as The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth, is a large Festival, exhibition, and Rodeo held in A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 National regions Provinces and territories are normally grouped into the following Regions (generally from west to east Northern Canada The Calgary Region is the metropolitan area based around Calgary, Alberta. Statistics Canada divides the province of Alberta into nineteen Census divisions each with one or more municipal governments overseeing county municipalities improvement Demographics In 2006 Division No 6 had a population of 1160936† living in 465473 dwellings, a 13 David 'Dave' Thomas Bronconnier is a Canadian politician currently serving as the 35th Mayor of Calgary Alberta. This is a list of mayors of Calgary Alberta. The Calgary City Council is the legislative governing body that represents the citizens of Calgary. Tobert
- MPs	List of MPs Diane Ablonczy Rob Anders Art Hanger Stephen Harper Jason Kenney Deepak Obhrai Jim Prentice Lee Richardson
- MLAs	List of MLAs Craig Cheffins Cindy Ady Moe Amery Neil Brown Wayne Cao Harvey Cenaiko Harry B. Chase Alana DeLong Heather Forsyth Yvonne Fritz Denis Herard Arthur Johnston Ron Liepert Richard Magnus Gary Mar Greg Melchin Hung Pham David Rodney Shiraz Shariff Ron Stevens David Swann Dave Taylor Len Webber
Area [2]
- City	726. This is a list of members of the Canadian House of Commons in the 39th Parliament of Canada. Diane Ablonczy, PC, MP (əˈblɒnsi a-blon-see) (born May 6, 1949) is a Canadian Member of Parliament, Robert J "Rob" Anders (born April 1, 1972, in Winnipeg Manitoba) is a Canadian Politician. Arthur "Art" Hanger (born February 19, 1943 in Three Hills Alberta) is a Canadian politician WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC Jason T Kenney, PC, MP (born May 30, 1968 in Oakville Ontario) is a Canadian Member of Parliament Deepak Obhrai (born July 5, 1950 in Oldeani, Tanzania) is a Canadian politician representing the riding of Calgary James "Jim" Prentice, PC, MP (born July 20, 1956, in South Porcupine, Ontario near Timmins) Lee Richardson is the name of Lee Richardson (politician, Canadian politician Lee Richardson (speedway rider, British motorcycle speedway The Legislative Assembly of Alberta is one of two components of the Legislature of Alberta, the other being the Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta. Craig Cheffins is a former member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for the Calgary Elbow riding Cindy Ady is a Canadian politician and a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Moe Amery ( September 20, 1954 in Lebanon) is a Canadian politician and current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Dr Neil Brown is a lawyer biologist Canadian politician and current Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, representing the constituency of Calgary-Nose Wayne Cao (Born Nguyễn Cao Cảo December 7 1946 is a Canadian politician and current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, where he represents the Harvey Cenaiko (born July 15, 1956 in Wakaw Saskatchewan) is a former police officer and one-time Solicitor General and Minister of Public Safety This article concerns Harry Chase the Alberta legislator For the United States Judge see Harrie B Alana DeLong (born in Nelson British Columbia) is a Canadian politician and current Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta representing the Heather Forsyth is a Canadian politician and current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, representing the constituency of Calgary-Fish Creek Yvonne Fritz (born September 17, 1950 Saskatoon Saskatchewan) is a Canadian politician and current Member of the Legislative Assembly Denis Herard is a politician from Alberta, Canada, and is the former Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta MLA for Calgary Egmont Arthur "Art" Johnston (born August 3, 1947 in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian politician and current Member of Ron Liepert is a politician and broadcaster from Alberta, Canada. Richard Magnus (born July 31, 1950 Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador) is a Canadian politician currently living in Alberta, Gary G Mar QC, LLB BComm (born July 26, 1962) is a politician in the Canadian province of Alberta. Hung Pham or Hung Kim Pham (born Phạm Kim Hưng in Saigon on October 2, 1963) is a politician and information expert in Alberta Dave Rodney is a politician teacher and professional speaker from Alberta, Canada. For the comedian/radio personality see Stevens & Grdnic. Ron Stevens Q Dr David Swann is a medical doctor and Alberta Liberal Member of the Legislative Assembly for Calgary Mountain View. Dave Taylor is a Canadian politician who currently represents the Electoral division of Calgary Currie in the Legislative Assembly Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 50 km² (280. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 5 sq mi)
- Metro	5,107. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 43 km² (1,972 sq mi)
Elevation	1,048 m (3,438 ft)
Population (2006)[2]
- City	1,019,942
- Density	1,360. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/km² (3,522. 9/sq mi)
- Metro	1,079,310
- Metro Density	211. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 3/km² (547. 3/sq mi)
- Population rank	3rd
- Metro rank	5th
Time zone	MST (UTC−7)
- Summer (DST)	MDT (UTC−6)
Postal code span	T1Y to T3R
Area code(s)	403
Website: City of Calgary

Calgary (IPA: /ˈkælgəriː/) is the largest city in the province of Alberta, Canada. The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for Census subdivisions This list The table below lists the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population using data from the Canada 2001 Census[http //www12 The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-7) during the shortest days of autumn UTC−7 can be observed in Mountain Standard Time Zone Pacific Daylight Time Zone Canada Daylight saving time ( DST Areas using UTC−6 Single zone countries Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Alberta - 150 FSAs A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 403 is a Telephone Area code in the Canadian province of Alberta, encompassing the southern half of the province A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page It is located in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and high plains, approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. Foothills are geographically defined as gradual increases in hilly areas at the base of a Mountain range. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains range. The city is located in the Parkland region of Alberta. Calgary is the third largest civic municipality, by population, in Canada. The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for Census subdivisions This list As of the 2007 civic census, Calgary's population was 1,019,942. The metropolitan population (CMA) was 1,079,310 in 2006,^[3] making Greater Calgary the fifth largest census metropolitan area in the country. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to The Calgary Region is the metropolitan area based around Calgary, Alberta. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to Because it is located 298 kilometres (178. 8 mi) due south of Edmonton, statisticians define the narrow populated area between these cities as the "Calgary-Edmonton Corridor". Edmonton (ˈɛdmɨntɨn is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta. The Calgary-Edmonton Corridor is a geographical region of the Canadian province of Alberta. ^[4] Calgary is the largest Canadian metropolitan area between Toronto and Vancouver. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal A resident of Calgary is known as a Calgarian.

Calgary is well-known as a destination for winter sports and ecotourism with a number of major mountain resorts near the city and metropolitan area. A winter sport is a Sport commonly played during Winter. As a formal term it refers to a sport played on Snow or Ice, but informally can refer Ecotourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a form of Tourism that appeals to ecologically and socially conscious individuals Economic activity in Calgary is mostly centred on the petroleum industry; however, agriculture, tourism, and high-tech industries also contribute to the city's fast economic growth. Petroleum production is a major industry in Canada. In 2005 almost 25000 new Oil wells were spud (drilled in Canada Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time Calgary holds many major annual festivals which include the Calgary Stampede, the Folk Music Festival, the Lilac Festival, One Yellow Rabbit High Performance Rodeo — Calgary's International Festival of the Arts, Wordfest: Banff-Calgary International Writers Festival, One World Festival (GlobalFest), and the second largest Caribbean festival in the country (Carifest). The Calgary Stampede, which bills itself as The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth, is a large Festival, exhibition, and Rodeo held in Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Lilac festival is an annual Street festival held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. One Yellow Rabbit is a contemporary theatre company based in Calgary Alberta, Canada GlobalFest is an annual cultural celebration in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the Olympic Winter Games, and one of the fastest ice skating rinks in the world was built at the University of Calgary to accommodate these games. The 1988 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Calgary The University of Calgary is a research-intensive Public university in Calgary Alberta, Canada.

Calgary was ranked the world's cleanest city by Mercer Quality of Living in a survey published in 2007 by Forbes magazine^[5]

Contents 1 History 1.1 First settlement 1.2 The oil boom 1.3 Recent history 2 Geography 2.1 Calgary's neighbourhoods 2.2 Climate 3 Culture 4 Sports and recreation 5 Attractions 6 Demographics 7 Government and politics 8 Economy 9 Education 9.1 Higher education 9.2 School system 10 Media 11 Infrastructure 12 Military 13 Contemporary issues 14 Other images 15 Sister cities 16 See also 17 Notes 18 References 19 External links

History

First settlement

Before the Calgary area was settled by Europeans, it was inhabited by Pre-Clovis people whose presence has been traced back at least 11,000 years. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. The Clovis culture (sometimes referred to as the Llano culture) is a Prehistoric Paleoindian culture that first appears in the archaeological ^[6] In 1787 cartographer David Thompson spent the winter with a band of Peigan encamped along the Bow River. David Thompson ( April 30, 1770 &ndash February 10, 1857) was an English-Canadian fur trader surveyor and map-maker known The Bow River is a river in the Canadian province of Alberta. He was the first recorded European to visit the area, and John Glenn was the first documented European settler in the Calgary area, in 1873. John Glenn (born 1833 in County Mayo, Ireland, died January 9, 1886 in Calgary Alberta) was the first documented European to settle ^[7]

The site became a post of the North-West Mounted Police (now the RCMP). Originally named Fort Brisebois, after NWMP officer Éphrem-A. Brisebois, it was renamed Fort Calgary in 1876 by Colonel James Farquharson Macleod. Fort Calgary was established in 1875 as Fort Brisebois by the North-West Mounted Police, located at the confluence of the Bow and Elbow rivers Inspector Éphrem-A Brisebois ( 7 March, 1850 &ndash 13 February, 1890) was a Politician, soldier and Police officer Fort Calgary was established in 1875 as Fort Brisebois by the North-West Mounted Police, located at the confluence of the Bow and Elbow rivers Lieutenant-Colonel James Farquharson Macleod (c 25 September 1836 &ndash 5 September 1894) born in Drynoch, Isle The NWMP detachment was assigned to protect the western plains from U.S. whiskey traders. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Fort Calgary was named by Colonel Macleod after Calgary on the Isle of Mull, Scotland. The wide sand beach at Calgary is possibly the best in Mull, and its idyllic location makes it one of the finest in Scotland. The Isle of Mull (or simply Mull; Muile in Scottish Gaelic) is the second largest Island of the Inner Hebrides, off the Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. While there is some disagreement on the naming of the town, the Museum on the Isle of Mull explains that kald and gart are similar Norwegian words, meaning cold and garden, that were likely used when named by the Vikings who inhabited the Inner and Outer Hebrides. ^[8]

When the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area in 1883 and a rail station was constructed, Calgary began to grow into an important commercial and agricultural centre. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains The Canadian Pacific Railway headquarters are located in Calgary today. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( Calgary was officially incorporated as a town in 1884 and elected its first mayor, George Murdoch. A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns For George Peter Murdock the Yale scholar see George Murdock George Murdoch ( April 29, 1850 &ndash February 2 In 1894, it was incorporated as "The City of Calgary" in what was then the North-West Territories. The Northwest Territories (ˌnɔrθˌwɛstˈtɛrɨtɔriz ( NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory ^[9] Calgary was home to a series of riots throughout its early history, including racist and pro-labor rallies. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that

The oil boom

Oil was first discovered in Alberta in 1902,^[10] but it did not become a significant industry in the province until 1947 when huge reserves of it were discovered. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 Calgary quickly found itself at the centre of the ensuing oil boom. The city's economy grew when oil prices increased with the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973. The 1973 oil crisis began on October 17 1973 when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC consisting of the Arab members of The population increased by 272,000 in the eighteen years between 1971 (403,000) and 1989 (675,000) and another 345,000 in the next eighteen years (to 1,020,000 in 2007). During these boom years, skyscrapers were constructed at a pace seen by few cities anywhere. This is a list of the tallest Skyscrapers and buildings in the city of Calgary, Alberta, The relatively low-rise downtown quickly became dense with tall buildings,^[11] a trend that continues to this day. Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger

Calgary's economy was so closely tied to the oil industry that the city's boom peaked with the average annual price of oil in 1981. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit ^[12] The subsequent drop in oil prices and the introduction of the National Energy Program were cited by industry as reasons for a collapse in the oil industry and consequently the overall Calgary economy. The National Energy Program ( NEP) was an energy policy of the Government of Canada. The NEP was cancelled in the mid-1980s by the Brian Mulroney federal government. Martin Brian Mulroney PC CC GOQ (predominantly known as Brian Mulroney) (born March 20, 1939) was the eighteenth However, low oil prices prevented a full recovery until the 1990s.

Recent history

With the energy sector employing a huge number of Calgarians, the fallout from the economic slump of the early 1980s was understandably significant. Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger The unemployment rate soared. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. ^[13] By the end of the decade, however, the economy was in recovery. Calgary quickly realized that it could not afford to put so much emphasis on oil and gas, and the city has since become much more diverse, both economically and culturally. The period during this recession marked Calgary's transition from a mid-sized and relatively nondescript prairie city into a major cosmopolitan and diverse centre. This transition culminated in February of 1988, when the city hosted the XV Olympic Winter Games. The 1988 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Calgary ^[14] The success of these games^[15] essentially put the city on the world stage.

Thanks in part to escalating oil prices, the economy in Calgary and Alberta is now booming, and the region of nearly 1. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 1 million people is the fastest growing in the country. ^[16] While the oil and gas industry comprise an important part of the economy, the city has invested a great deal into other areas such as tourism and high-tech manufacturing. Over 3. 1 million people now visit the city annually^[17] for its many festivals and attractions, especially the Calgary Stampede. The Calgary Stampede, which bills itself as The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth, is a large Festival, exhibition, and Rodeo held in The nearby mountain resort towns of Banff, Lake Louise, and Canmore are also becoming increasingly popular with tourists, and are bringing people into Calgary as a result. A ski area is a developed recreational facility usually on a Mountain or large Hill, containing ski trails and vital supporting services Banff is the largest town in Banff National Park, in Alberta's Rockies, Canada. Lake Louise is a hamlet located in the Canadian province of Alberta in Banff National Park. Canmore is a Town in Alberta, Canada, located in the Bow Valley with a permanent population of 12005 Other modern industries include light manufacturing, high-tech, film, transportation, and services. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale The city has ranked highly^[18] in quality of life surveys: 25th in the 2006 Mercer Quality of Living Survey,^[19] and 10th best city to live in according to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). Quality of life is the degree of well-being felt by an individual or group of people The World's Most Livable Cities is an informal name given to any List of cities as they rank on a reputable annual survey of living conditions. The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London ^[20] Despite the oil industry's dominance in Alberta's economy, Calgary ranked as the world's cleanest city by Forbes Magazine in 2007. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly ^[5]

Geography

Calgary is located at the transition zone between the Canadian Rockies foothills and the Canadian Prairies, and is relatively hilly as a result. The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains range. The Canadian Prairies is a region in western Canada, which may correspond to several different definitions natural or political Calgary's elevation is approximately 1,048 metres (3,440 ft) above sea level downtown, and 1,083 metres (3,553 ft) at the airport. The term above mean sea level ( AMSL) refers to the Elevation (on the ground or Altitude (in the Air) of any object relative to the The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The city proper covers a land area of 726. 5 km² (280. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 5 sq mi) (as of 2006)^[2] and as such exceeds the land area of the City of Toronto. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario

There are two major rivers that run through the city. The Bow River is the largest and flows from the west to the south. The Bow River is a river in the Canadian province of Alberta. The Elbow River flows northwards from the south until it converges with the Bow River near downtown. The Elbow River is a river located in southern Alberta, Canada. Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger Since the climate of the region is generally dry, dense vegetation occurs naturally only in the river valleys, on some north-facing slopes, and within Fish Creek Provincial Park. Fish Creek Park is a provincial park located in the southern part of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

The city is large in physical area, consisting of an inner city surrounded by various communities of decreasing density. The inner city is the central area of a major city or metropolis Unlike most cities with a sizable metropolitan area, most of Calgary's suburbs are incorporated into the city proper, with the notable exceptions of the city of Airdrie to the north, Cochrane to the northwest, Strathmore to the east, and the sprawling Springbank district to the west. Airdrie ( 2007 city population 31512 is a city in Alberta, Canada, located just north of Calgary Cochrane is a large town in the Canadian province of Alberta. Strathmore is a town located along the Trans-Canada Highway in Southern Alberta, Canada, east of the Though it is not technically within Calgary's metropolitan area, the town of Okotoks is only a short distance to the south and is considered a suburb as well. Okotoks is a town situated on the Sheep River, south of Calgary Alberta, Canada. The Calgary Economic Region includes slightly more area than the CMA and has a population of 1,146,900. The Calgary Region is the metropolitan area based around Calgary, Alberta. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to

The city of Calgary proper is immediately surrounded by two municipal districts, Rocky View No. 44 to the north, west and east; and Foothills No. 31 to the south. The Municipal District of Rocky View No 44 is a municipality located outside of the City of Calgary, in southern Alberta. The Municipal District of Foothills No 31 is a Municipal district in southern Alberta, Canada adjacent to the south side of Calgary

Calgary's neighbourhoods

Main article: List of neighbourhoods in Calgary

The downtown region of the city consists of five neighbourhoods: Eau Claire (including the Festival District), the Downtown West End, the Downtown Commercial Core, Chinatown, and the Downtown East Village (also part of the Rivers District). The city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada has over 180 neighbourhoods Stephen Avenue is a major pedestrian mall in downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger The neighbourhood of Eau Claire in Calgary, Alberta, Canada is located immediately north of Downtown The Downtown West End is a neighbourhood within the western portions of downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger Calgary's Chinatown is the third largest in Canada after those in Vancouver and Toronto. The Downtown East Village is a residential neighbourhood within the eastern portions of downtown Calgary, Alberta, The Beltline is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The commercial core is itself divided into a number of districts including the Stephen Avenue Retail Core, the Entertainment District, the Arts District and the Government District. Stephen Avenue is a major pedestrian mall in downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Distinct from downtown and south of 9th Avenue is Calgary's densest neighbourhood, the Beltline. The Beltline is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The area includes a number of communities such as Connaught, Victoria Crossing and a portion of the Rivers District. The Beltline is the focus of major planning and rejuvenation initiatives on the part of the municipal government^[21] to increase the density and liveliness of Calgary's centre. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State.

Adjacent to, or directly radiating from the downtown are the first of the inner-city communities. Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger These include Crescent Heights, Hounsfield Heights/Briar Hill, Hillhurst /Sunnyside (including Kensington BRZ), Bridgeland, Renfrew, Mount Royal, Mission, Ramsay and Inglewood and Albert Park/Radisson Heights directly to the east. Crescent Heights is a neighbourhood in the northwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Hounsfield Heights/Briar Hill is an inner suburban neighbourhood in northwest Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Hillhurst is a northwest neighbourhood located within the Inner city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Sunnyside is a community in Calgary Alberta located on the north side of the Bow River adjacent to Calgary's downtown Location of Kensington in Calgary Kensington is a Business Revitalization The city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada has over 180 neighbourhoods Bridgeland (formerly known as Riverside) is an Inner city neighborhood in the north-east quadrant of Calgary Renfrew is a residential neighborhood in the north-east quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Mount Royal is an area of Calgary, Alberta and is home to the neighbourhoods of Upper Mount Royal (to the south and Lower The Mission district is an Inner city neighborhood of Calgary, Alberta, Canada that originated as Ramsay is a residential neighbourhood in the south-east quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Inglewood is a neighbourhood in central Calgary, Alberta, Canada, centred on 9th Avenue SE for several blocks Albert Park/Radisson Heights is a residential neighborhood in the south-east quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. The inner city is, in turn, surrounded by relatively dense and established neighbourhoods such as Rosedale and Mount Pleasant to the north; Bowness, Parkdale and Glendale to the west; Park Hill, South Calgary (including Marda Loop), Bankview, Altadore and Killarney to the south; and Forest Lawn/International Avenue to the east. Rosedale is a residential neighborhood in the north-west quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Mount Pleasant is a residential neighborhood in the north-west quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Bowness is a community district in west Calgary. It was an autonomous Town until 1964, when it was annexed Parkdale is a neighbourhood in the city of Calgary, Alberta. It is bounded by 28 Street NW to the east Foothills Glendale is a residential neighborhood in the south-west quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Parkhill/Stanley Park is a residential neighbourhood in the south-west quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. South Calgary is a residential neighborhood in the south-west quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Location of Marda Loop in Calgary Marda Loop is a Business Revitalization Bankview is a neighbourhood in the South-West quadrant of the city of Calgary, Alberta. Altadore is a residential neighbourhood in the south-west quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Killarney, also known as Killarney-Glengarry, is a residential neighbourhood in the city of Calgary, Alberta Forest Lawn was a town in Alberta, Canada. Today it is mostly a lower to middle-class neighbourhood of Calgary International Avenue is a Business Revitalization Zone (BRZ in Calgary, Alberta. Lying beyond these, and usually separated from one another by highways, are the suburban communities, often characterized as "commuter communities". The greatest amount of suburban expansion is happening in the city's deep south with major growth on the northwestern edge as well. In all, there are over 180 distinct neighbourhoods within the city limits. ^[22]

Several of Calgary's neighbourhoods were initially separate towns that were annexed by the city as it grew. These include Bowness, Montgomery, Forest Lawn, Midnapore, Rosedale and, most recently in 2007, Shepard. Bowness is a community district in west Calgary. It was an autonomous Town until 1964, when it was annexed Montgomery is a residential neighbourhood in the north-west quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Forest Lawn was a town in Alberta, Canada. Today it is mostly a lower to middle-class neighbourhood of Calgary Midnapore is a community within the city of Calgary in the province of Alberta, Canada. Rosedale is a residential neighborhood in the north-west quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Shepard is a small residential neighbourhood on the eastern periphery of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ^[23]

Climate

Calgary has a semi-arid, highland continental climate with long, dry, but highly variable, winters and short, moderately warm summers (Koppen climate classification BSk, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 3b). A Semi-arid climate or steppe climate generally describes climatic regions that receive low annual Rainfall (250-500 mm or 10-20 in Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist A hardiness zone is a geographically-defined zone in which a specific category of Plant life is capable of growing as defined by Temperature hardiness or ability The climate is greatly influenced by the city's elevation and close proximity to the Rocky Mountains. Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. Calgary's winters can be uncomfortably cold; but warm, dry Chinook winds routinely blow into the city from the Pacific Ocean during the winter months, giving Calgarians a break from the cold. Chinook winds, often just called chinooks commonly refers to Foehn winds ref> in the interior West of North America, where the Canadian Prairies and The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions These winds have been known to raise the winter temperature by up to 15 °C (27 °F) in just a few hours, and may last several days. The chinooks are such a common feature of Calgary's winters that only one month (January 1950) has failed to witness a thaw over more than 100 years of weather observations. More than one half of all winter days see the daily maximum rise above 0 °C (32 °F). is a 2003 animated film, directed by Kihachirō Kawamoto. It is based on one of the Renku (collaborative linked poems in the 1684 Some winter days even approach 20 °C (68 °F) on occasion.

Calgary is a city of extremes, and temperatures have ranged anywhere from a record low of −45 °C (−49 °F) in 1893 to a record high of 36 °C (96. 8 °F) in 1919. Temperatures fall below −30 °C (−22 °F) on about five days per year, though extreme cold spells usually do not last very long. According to Environment Canada, the average temperature in Calgary ranges from a January daily average of −9 °C (15. Environment Canada (EC, legally incorporated as the Department of the Environment under the Department of the Environment Act ( R 8 °F) to a July daily average of 16 °C (60. 8 °F). ^[24]

As a consequence of Calgary's high elevation and relative dryness, summer evenings can be very cool, the average summer minimum temperature drops to 8 °C (46. Chinook winds, often just called chinooks commonly refers to Foehn winds ref> in the interior West of North America, where the Canadian Prairies and 4 °F), and frosts can occur in any month of the year. Calgary has experienced snowfall even in July and August. Calgary experiences summer daytime temperatures exceeding 30 °C (86 °F) on an average of four days per year. With an average relative humidity of 55% in the winter and 45% in the summer, Calgary has a semi-arid climate typical of other cities in the Western Great Plains and Canadian Prairies. Relative humidity is a measurement of the amount of Water vapor that exists in a gaseous mixture of air and water A Semi-arid climate or steppe climate generally describes climatic regions that receive low annual Rainfall (250-500 mm or 10-20 in The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada Prairie, from the French prairie ("meadow" "grassland" "pasture" refers to an area of land of low topographic relief that historically Unlike cities further east, like Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa or Winnipeg, humidity is almost never a factor during the Calgary summer. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population

The city is among the sunniest in Canada, with 2,405 hours of annual sunshine, on average. Calgary International Airport in the northeastern section of the city receives an average of 413 mm (16. 3 in) of precipitation annually, with 301 mm (11. 9 in) of that occurring in the form of rain, and the remaining 112 mm (4. 4 in) as snow. Most of the precipitation occurs from May to August, with June averaging the most monthly rainfall. In June of 2005, Calgary received 248 mm (9. 8 in) of precipitation, making it the wettest month in the city's recorded history. Recorded history can be defined as History that has been written down or recorded by the use of Language, whereas History is a more general term referring Droughts are not uncommon and may occur at any time of the year, lasting sometimes for months or even several years. Precipitation decreases somewhat from west to east; consequently, groves of trees on the western outskirts largely give way to treeless grassland around the eastern city limit.

Calgary averages more than 20 days a year with thunderstorms, with almost all of them occurring in the summer months. Calgary lies on the edge of Alberta's hailstorm alley and is prone to occasional damaging hailstorms. Hail is a form of precipitation which consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice (hailstones A hailstorm that struck Calgary on September 7, 1991, was one of the most destructive natural disasters in Canadian history, with over $400 million dollars in damage. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. A natural disaster is the consequence of a Natural hazard (eg Inhabited for millennia by First Nations ( aboriginal) the history of Canada has evolved from a group of European colonies into an officially ^[25] Being west of the dry line on most occasions, tornadoes are rare in the region. A dry line, (also called dew point line, or Marfa front) is an important factor in Severe weather frequency in the Great Plains of A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus

General seasons (not well-defined in Calgary due to highly variable climate)

• Winter: November to mid-March
• Spring: mid-March to May
• Summer: June to August
• Autumn: September to November

Weather averages for Calgary
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C	−2. 8	−0. 1	4. 0	11. 3	16. 4	20. 2	22. 9	22. 5	17. 6	12. 1	2. 8	−1. 3	10. 5
Average low °C	−15. 1	−12. 0	−7. 8	−2. 1	3. 1	7. 3	9. 4	8. 6	4. 0	−1. 4	−8. 9	−13. 4	−2. 4
Precipitation cm	1. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 16	0. 88	1. 74	2. 39	6. 03	7. 98	6. 79	5. 88	4. 57	1. 39	1. 23	1. 22	41. 26
Average high °F	27. 0	31. 8	39. 2	52. 3	61. 5	68. 4	73. 2	72. 5	63. 7	53. 8	37. 0	29. 7	50. 9
Average low °F	4. 8	10. 4	18. 0	28. 2	37. 6	45. 1	48. 9	47. 5	39. 2	29. 5	16. 0	7. 7	27. 7
Precipitation inches	0. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 45	0. 35	0. 68	0. 94	2. 37	3. 14	2. 67	2. 31	1. 79	0. 54	0. 48	0. 48	16. 24
Source: Environment Canada[24] Dec 2006

Culture

Calgary's urban scene has changed considerably since the beginning of the city's rapid growth. Environment Canada (EC, legally incorporated as the Department of the Environment under the Department of the Environment Act ( R It is also starting to become recognized as one of Canada's most diverse cities. Today, Calgary is a modern cosmopolitan city that still retains much of its traditional culture of hotel saloons, western bars, night clubs, football and hockey. A bar (also called a Pub or Tavern) is a business that serves drinks especially Alcoholic beverages such as beer liquor and mixed drinks for consumption A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark Football is the word given to a number of similar Team sports all of which involve (to varying degrees kicking a Ball with the foot in an attempt to score a Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. Following its revival in the 1990s, Calgary has also become a centre for country music in Canada. Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. As such, it is referred to by some as the "Nashville of the North. " Calgary is also home to a thriving all-ages music scene of many genres, including metal, folk, pop, rock, punk, indie, blues, jazz, hip-hop, electronic and country. Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos.

As a relatively ethnically diverse city, Calgary also has a number of multicultural areas and assets. It has one of the largest Chinatowns in Canada, as well as a “Little Italy” in the Bridgeland neighbourhood. Calgary's Chinatown is the third largest in Canada after those in Vancouver and Toronto. Forest Lawn is among the most diverse areas in the city and as such, the area around 17 Avenue SE within the neighbourhood is also known as International Avenue. International Avenue is a Business Revitalization Zone (BRZ in Calgary, Alberta. The district is home to many ethnic restaurants and stores.

As the population has grown, and particularly as the urban density in central Calgary has increased, so too has the vitality of this area. While the city continues to embrace suburbanism, people are beginning to find a wide variety of alternatives in the inner city. This has led to significant increases in the popularity of central districts such as 17 Avenue, Kensington, Inglewood, Forest Lawn, Marda Loop and the Mission District. The Beltline is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Location of Kensington in Calgary Kensington is a Business Revitalization Inglewood is a neighbourhood in central Calgary, Alberta, Canada, centred on 9th Avenue SE for several blocks International Avenue is a Business Revitalization Zone (BRZ in Calgary, Alberta. Location of Marda Loop in Calgary Marda Loop is a Business Revitalization The Mission district is an Inner city neighborhood of Calgary, Alberta, Canada that originated as The nightlife and the availability of cultural venues in these areas has gradually begun to evolve as a result.

The Calgary Public Library is a public library network with 17 branches throughout the city, including a large central library. The Calgary Public Library Board of Trustees was established in 1908 and the first public library opened in 1912 thanks in part to the generosity of American industrialist and philanthropist A public library (also called circulating library) is a Library which is accessible by the Public and is generally funded from public sources (such

See also: List of notable Calgarians

Calgary is the site of the Southern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium, a 4 million ft³ (113,000 m³) performing arts, culture and community facility. The Southern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium is a four million cubic foot (113000 m³) performing arts culture and community facility located in Calgary. The Southern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium is a four million cubic foot (113000 m³) performing arts culture and community facility located in Calgary. The cubic foot is an imperial and US customary (non- metric) unit of Volume, used in the United States Canada and the United Kingdom The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence The auditorium is one of two "twin" facilities in the province, the other located in Edmonton, each being locally known as the "Jube. " The 2,538-seat auditorium was opened in 1957^[26] and has been host to hundreds of Broadway musical, theatrical, stage and local productions. Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. The Calgary Jube is the resident home of the Alberta Ballet, the Calgary opera, the Kiwanis Music Festival, and the annual civic Remembrance Day ceremonies. The Alberta Ballet (also known as the Alberta Ballet Company is located in Calgary and Edmonton Alberta The Calgary Opera is a Canadian professional Opera company in Calgary, Alberta, originally known as the Southern Alberta Opera Association Remembrance Day also known as Poppy Day, Armistice Day (the event it commemorates or Veterans Day is a day to commemorate the Both auditoriums operate 365 days a year, and are run by the provincial government. Both received major renovations as part of the province's centennial in 2005.

Calgary is also home to a number of contemporary and established theatre companies; among them are One Yellow Rabbit, which shares the EPCOR Centre for the Performing Arts with the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, as well as Theatre Calgary, and Alberta Theatre Projects. One Yellow Rabbit is a contemporary theatre company based in Calgary Alberta, Canada The EPCOR CENTRE for the Performing Arts is a multi-venue Arts centre in downtown Calgary Alberta, Canada, located in the Olympic The Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra (CPO is a Canadian orchestra based in Calgary Alberta. Theatre Calgary, theatre company in Calgary, Alberta, established as a professional company in 1968 Alberta Theatre Projects (ATP is a Canadian theatre production company founded in 1972 and based out of the Martha Cohen Theatre in Calgary Alberta. Calgary was also the birthplace of the improvisational theatre games known as Theatresports. Improvisational theatre (also known as improv or impro) is a form of Theatre in which the Actors use Improvisational acting techniques Theatresports is a form of Improvisational theatre which uses the format of a competition for dramatic effect The Calgary International Film Festival is also held in the city annually, as well as the International Festival of Animated Objects. The Calgary International Film Festival (CIFF is a Film festival held annually in Calgary, Canada for ten days in late September and early October The International Festival of Animated Objects is a biennial ten-day Festival sponsored by the Non-profit group CAOS - Calgary Animated Objects Society

The Calgary area also draws filmmakers. Numerous motion pictures have been filmed in the general area. The Tom Selleck picture Crossfire Trail was shot on a ranch near Calgary though the stated setting of the film is Wyoming. Thomas William Selleck (born January 29 1945 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American Actor, Screenwriter and Crossfire Trail is a Turner Network Television Film starring Tom Selleck in the role of Rafael "Rafe" Covington a wanderer known A ranch is an area of landscape including various structures given primarily to the practice of ranching the practice of raising grazing livestock such as Cattle The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States.

Visual and conceptual artists like the art collective United Congress, have contributed their ideas and energy to the city. The United Congress is a long-standing Artist collective active in Calgary Alberta. There are also a number of art galleries in the downtown, many of them concentrated along the Stephen Avenue and 17 Avenue corridors. Stephen Avenue is a major pedestrian mall in downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Beltline is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ^[27] The largest of these is the Art Gallery of Calgary (AGC). Calgary is also home to the Alberta College of Art and Design. The Alberta College of Art and Design ( ACAD) is located in Calgary on the North Hill overlooking the Bow River and the downtown skyline in a

A number of world class marching bands are based in Calgary. A marching band is in the broadest terms a group of performers that consist of instrumental Musicians and sometimes dance teams / color guard who generally perform They include the Calgary Round-Up Band, the Calgary Stetson Show Band, and the two-time World Association for Marching Show Bands champions, the Calgary Stampede Showband, as well as military bands including the Band of HMCS Tecumseh, the Regimental Band of the King's Own Calgary Regiment, and the Regimental Pipes and Drums of The Calgary Highlanders. There are many other civilian pipe bands in the city of repute, notably the Calgary Police Service Pipe Band. ^[28]

Calgary hosts number of major annual festivals and events. These include the growing Calgary International Film Festival, the Calgary Folk Music Festival, FunnyFest Calgary Comedy Festival, the Folk Music Festival, the Greek Festival, Carifest, Wordfest Banff-Calgary International Writers Festival, the Lilac Festival, GlobalFest, the Calgary Fringe Festival, Summerstock, Fiestaval, Expo Latino, Calgary Gay Pride, and many other cultural and ethnic festivals. The Calgary International Film Festival (CIFF is a Film festival held annually in Calgary, Canada for ten days in late September and early October A Greek festival or Greek Fest is an annual celebration of Greek culture presented by many ethnic Greek American communities and organization in the GlobalFest is an annual cultural celebration in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Calgary Fringe Festival is an annual Fringe theatre festival in Calgary, Alberta. Summerstock Conservatory is a theatre company based out of Westmount Charter School in Calgary, Alberta. Expo Latino is an annual festival usually held towards the end of August in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, celebrating the Latino culture Calgary's best-known event is the Calgary Stampede, which occurs every July. The Calgary Stampede, which bills itself as The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth, is a large Festival, exhibition, and Rodeo held in It is one of the largest festivals in Canada. Festivals in Canada is a list of established Festival or Carnival in Canada. The event has a 93-year history. In 2005, attendance at the 10-day rodeo and exhibition totalled 1,242,928. ^[29]

See also: Festivals in Calgary

Several museums can be found in the city. The Glenbow Museum is the largest in western Canada and includes an art gallery and first nations gallery. The Glenbow Museum in Calgary is Western Canada 's largest Museum, with over 93000 square feet (8600 m² of exhibition space in more than 20 galleries Western Canada, commonly referred to as the West, is a region of Canada normally including all parts of Canada west of the province An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually Visual art. First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people ^[30] Other major museums include the Chinese Cultural Centre (at 70,000 sq ft (6,500 m²), the largest stand-alone cultural centre in Canada^[31]), the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame and Museum (at Canada Olympic Park), The Military Museums, the Cantos Music Museum and the Aero Space Museum. Canada Olympic Park (COP is located in Calgary Alberta, Canada. The Military Museums is a reorganization of the former Museum of the Regiments in Calgary, Alberta, announced by the Countess of Wessex

The Calgary Herald and the Calgary Sun are the main newspapers in Calgary. The Calgary Herald is a daily newspaper published in the Canadian city of Calgary Alberta. The Calgary Sun is a daily Newspaper published in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Global, Citytv, CTV and CBC television networks have local studios in the city. Global Television Network (more commonly called Global TV or just Global) is a Canadian English language privately owned Television network This article is about the general Citytv brand Individual stations are listed according to their call signs. CTV is a Canadian English language Television network. It is Canada's largest privately owned network the main television asset of CTVglobemedia CBC Television is a Canadian English language Television network. A television network is a distribution network for Television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many Television stations

See also: List of Calgary media outlets

Sports and recreation

Main article: Sport in Calgary

In large part due to its proximity to the Rocky Mountains, Calgary has traditionally been a popular destination for winter sports. The Canadian city of Calgary, Alberta, is home to a relatively deep-seated tradition of winter sports The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains range. Since hosting the 1988 Winter Olympics, the city has also been home to a number of major winter sporting facilities such as Canada Olympic Park (luge, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, downhill skiing, snowboarding, and some summer sports) and the Olympic Oval (speed skating and hockey). The 1988 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Calgary Canada Olympic Park (COP is located in Calgary Alberta, Canada. A luge is a small one- or two-person Sled on which one sleds supine (face up and feet-first Cross-country skiing (also known as XC skiing) is a Winter sport popular in many countries with large snowfields primarily Northern Europe, Ski jumping is a Sport in which skiers go down an "inrun" with a take-off ramp (the jump attempting to go as far as possible The downhill is an Alpine skiing discipline The rules for the downhill were originally developed by Sir Arnold Lunn for the 1921 British National Ski Championships Snowboarding is a sport that involves descending a Snow -covered slope on a Snowboard attached to a participant's feet using a special boot set into a mounted binding History The Olympic Oval was designed as the first covered speed skating oval in North America and as the first to be used at Winter Olympics Speed skating or speedskating is a competitive form of Skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. These facilities serve as the primary training venues for a number of competitive athletes.

See also: 1988 Winter Olympics

In the summer, the Bow River is very popular among fly-fishermen. The 1988 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Calgary The Bow River is a river in the Canadian province of Alberta. Golfing is also an extremely popular activity for Calgarians and the region has a large number of courses.

The city also has a large number of urban parks including Fish Creek Provincial Park, Nose Hill Park, Bowness Park, Edworthy Park, the Inglewood Bird Sanctuary, Confederation Park, and Prince's Island Park. An urban park, also known as a municipal park (North America or a public park or open space (United Kingdom is a Park in cities and other Fish Creek Park is a provincial park located in the southern part of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Nose Hill Park, one of the largest municipal parks in Canada and North America, is located in the northwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. Bowness is a community district in west Calgary. It was an autonomous Town until 1964, when it was annexed Edworthy Park is a city park located in the southwest section of Calgary along the south shore of the Bow River. Inglewood is a neighbourhood in central Calgary, Alberta, Canada, centred on 9th Avenue SE for several blocks An animal sanctuary is a facility where Animals are brought to live and be protected for the rest of their lives Confederation Park is an Urban park in northwest Calgary, Alberta. Prince's Island Park is an Urban park in the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Nose Hill Park is the largest municipal park in Canada. Connecting these parks and most of the city's neighbourhoods is one of the most extensive multi-use (walking, bike, rollerblading, etc) path systems in North America. ^[32]

Calgary is also widely regarded as the "wrestling capital of the world" because of the amount of talented wrestlers trained there. Professional wrestling, or pro wrestling, is a non-competitive professional Sport, where all matches are scripted by the promotion's booking staff The principal founder of the city's professional wrestling tradition was Stu Hart, patriarch of one of the most prominent families in the history of the business. Stewart Edward "Stu" Hart CM ( May 3, 1915 – October 16, 2003) was a Canadian amateur wrestler The Hart wrestling family is a Canadian family with a long history associated with Professional wrestling. Stu's sons included Bret Hart and Owen Hart, while Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart and Davey Boy Smith were his sons-in-law. Bret Sergeant Hart (born July 2 1957 is a retired Canadian professional wrestler and Actor. Owen James Hart (May 7 1965 – May 23 1999 As those attempts were unsuccessful he decided to give wrestling a chance and see where it took him James Henry "Jim" Neidhart (born August 2, 1956) Neidhart pursued a career in the National Football League, where he played briefly for the The British Bulldog redirects here for other uses see British Bulldog. The third generation of the Hart family includes Teddy Hart, Harry Smith, and Nattie Neidhart. Teddy Hart (born Theodore Annis In the Calgary based Stampede Wrestling promotion Hart teamed with Smith T Harry Smith (born August 2, 1985)- British professional wrestler currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment wrestling on its Natalie "Nattie" Neidhart (born May 27 1982) In addition to her professional wrestling career Neidhart has received training in Amateur wrestling Many other wrestlers were trained in the Hart house, among them Chris Benoit, Lance Storm, Edge, Chris Jericho, Justin Credible, TJ Wilson, and Brian Pillman. The Hart House is located in Calgary Alberta Canada, in the Patterson Heights neighbourhood Christopher Michael Benoit (bə'nwɑ (May 21 1967—June 24 2007 was a Canadian professional wrestler who in 2007 received extensive media coverage as a Lance Timothy Evers (born April 3 1969 known professionally by his Ring name Lance Storm, is a retired Canadian professional wrestler. Adam Joseph Copeland (born October 30 1973 in Orangeville Ontario, Canada better known by his Ring name Edge, is a Canadian professional wrestler Christopher Keith Irvine (born November 9 1970 better known by his Ring name Chris Jericho, is an American-born Canadian Television and stage Peter Joseph (" PJ " Polaco (born October 16 1973) is an American professional wrestler. Theodore James (TJ Wilson (sometimes spelled TJ Wilson) (born July 11 1980) He was also heavily involved with training the younger stars of the "The Yellow Dog" redirects here but "The Yellow Dog" is also a novel by Georges Simenon. Even more passed through the city's wrestling scene on their way to prominence.

Professional sports teams

Club	League	Venue	Established	Championships
Calgary Flames	National Hockey League	Pengrowth Saddledome	1980*	1
Calgary Stampeders	Canadian Football League	McMahon Stadium	1945	5
Calgary Roughnecks	National Lacrosse League	Pengrowth Saddledome	2001	1
Calgary Vipers	Golden Baseball League	Foothills Stadium	2005	0

(*) Established as the Atlanta Flames in 1972. The Calgary Flames are a Professional Ice hockey team based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The Pengrowth Saddledome is the main indoor Arena facility in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and is situated on the east end of the Calgary The Calgary Stampeders are a Canadian Football League team based in Calgary Alberta. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in McMahon Stadium (məkˈmæn is a Canadian football Stadium located in Calgary Alberta. The Calgary Roughnecks are a member of the National Lacrosse League based in Calgary Alberta. The National Lacrosse League (NLL is the league of men's indoor lacrosse in North America. The Pengrowth Saddledome is the main indoor Arena facility in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and is situated on the east end of the Calgary The Calgary Vipers are a professional baseball team based in Calgary, Alberta, in Canada. The Golden Baseball League, based in Dublin California, is a professional independent baseball league with teams in the western United States and Canada Foothills Stadium, formerly Burns Stadium, is a Stadium in Calgary Alberta. The Atlanta Flames were a professional Ice hockey team based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA from 1972 to 1980.

Amateur and junior clubs

Club	League	Venue	Established	Championships
Calgary Hitmen	Western Hockey League	Pengrowth Saddledome	1995	1
Calgary Canucks	Alberta Junior Hockey League	Max Bell Centre	1971	9
Calgary Royals	Alberta Junior Hockey League	Father David Bauer Olympic Arena	1990	1
Calgary Oval X-Treme	Western Women's Hockey League	Olympic Oval	1995	4
Calgary Mavericks	Rugby Canada Super League	Calgary Rugby Park	1998	1
Calgary Speed Skating Association	Speed Skating Canada	Olympic Oval	1990	>10
Calgary United FC	Canadian Major Indoor Soccer League	Stampede Corral	2007	0

Attractions

Main article: List of attractions and landmarks in Calgary

Calgary's downtown features an eclectic mix of restaurants and bars, cultural venues, shopping (most notably, TD Square, Calgary Eaton Centre, Stephen Avenue and Eau Claire Market), and public squares such as Olympic Plaza. The Calgary Hitmen are a Major Junior Ice hockey team based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. This article refers to the junior Western Hockey League For other leagues with the same name see Western Hockey League (disambiguation. The Pengrowth Saddledome is the main indoor Arena facility in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and is situated on the east end of the Calgary The Calgary Canucks are a junior Ice hockey team in the Alberta Junior Hockey League. The Alberta Junior Hockey League ( AJHL) is an Alberta -based Junior A hockey league that belongs to the Canadian Junior Hockey The Max Bell Centre (often referred to as the Max Bell Arena) is an Ice hockey arena in Calgary Alberta, Canada in the community of Radisson The Calgary Jr "A" Royals are an Ice hockey team in the Alberta Junior Hockey League. The Alberta Junior Hockey League ( AJHL) is an Alberta -based Junior A hockey league that belongs to the Canadian Junior Hockey The Father David Bauer Olympic Arena is an Ice hockey arena in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Calgary Oval X-Treme are an Ice hockey team in the Western Women's Hockey League. The Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL is one of two women's hockey leagues in Canada. History The Olympic Oval was designed as the first covered speed skating oval in North America and as the first to be used at Winter Olympics The Calgary Mavericks' are a Canadian rugby union team based in Calgary Alberta. Overview Founded in 1998 the Super League is considered to be Canada's premier rugby competition History The Olympic Oval was designed as the first covered speed skating oval in North America and as the first to be used at Winter Olympics Calgary United FC is one of four ( Calgary, Edmonton Saskatoon and Winnipeg of Canada's newest professional soccer teams participating in the Canadian Major Indoor Soccer League The Canadian Major Indoor Soccer League or CMISL is a professional Indoor soccer league that began full league play in January 2008 Stampede Corral (also known as the Calgary Corral) is an Ice hockey and Rodeo Arena in Calgary Alberta, Canada. The city of Calgary is located in Alberta, Canada and has 1 million inhabitants Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger TD Square is an urban shopping centre located along Stephen Avenue in the downtown core of Calgary Alberta. Calgary Eaton Centre is an urban shopping centre located along Stephen Avenue in the downtown core of Calgary Alberta. Stephen Avenue is a major pedestrian mall in downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The neighbourhood of Eau Claire in Calgary, Alberta, Canada is located immediately north of Downtown Downtown tourist attractions include the Calgary Zoo, the Telus World of Science, the Telus Convention Centre, the Chinatown district, the Glenbow Museum, the Calgary Tower, the Art Gallery of Calgary (AGC) and the EPCOR Centre for the Performing Arts. A tourist attraction is a place of interest where Tourists visit typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value historical significance natural or built beauty or The Calgary Zoo is located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Calgary Zoo is located just east of the city's downtown (adjacent to the The TELUS World of Science – Calgary is a Science museum that offers interactive exhibits multimedia presentations and exciting educational demonstrations that encourage Telus ( TSX: T TA NYSE: TU is a national Telecommunications company in Canada that provides a wide range of communications products and Conference centre redirects here For the conference facility in Salt Lake City Utah that is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Calgary's Chinatown is the third largest in Canada after those in Vancouver and Toronto. The Glenbow Museum in Calgary is Western Canada 's largest Museum, with over 93000 square feet (8600 m² of exhibition space in more than 20 galleries The Calgary Tower is a 191 meter (626 foot free standing observation Tower in downtown Calgary Alberta, Canada. The EPCOR CENTRE for the Performing Arts is a multi-venue Arts centre in downtown Calgary Alberta, Canada, located in the Olympic At 2. 5 acres (1. 01 ha), the Devonian Gardens is one of the largest urban indoor gardens in the world,^[33] and it is located on the 4th floor of TD Square (above the shopping). Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, The Devonian Garden is a large indoor Urban park in Calgary Alberta. Located here is The Core Shopping center, resident to many popular stores including Urban, Henry Singer, Holt Renfrew and Harry Rosen. The downtown region is also home to Prince's Island Park, an urban park located just north of the Eau Claire district. Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger Prince's Island Park is an Urban park in the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Directly to the south of downtown is Midtown and the Beltline. The Beltline is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Beltline is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, Canada. This area is quickly becoming one of the city's densest and most active mixed use areas. At the district's core is the popular "17 Avenue", which is known for its many bars and nightclubs, restaurants, and shopping venues. The Beltline is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, Canada. During the Calgary Flames' playoff run in 2004, 17 Avenue was frequented by over 50,000 fans and supporters per game night. The Calgary Flames are a Professional Ice hockey team based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The concentration of notorious red jersey-wearing fans led to the street's playoff moniker, the "Red Mile. This article refers to a bar/party strip in Calgary Alberta For the Harness racing track in Lexington Kentucky, see The Red Mile. " Downtown Calgary is easily accessed using the city's C-Train light rail (LRT) transit system. Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger C-Train is the Light rail transit (LRT system in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Attractions on the west side of the city include the Heritage Park Historical Village historical park, depicting life in pre-1914 Alberta and featuring working historic vehicles such as a steam train, paddlewheel boat and electric streetcar. Heritage Park Historical Village is a historical park located in Calgary Alberta. A steam locomotive is a Locomotive powered by Steam. The term usually refers to its use on Railways but can also refer to a "road locomotive" The village itself comprises a mixture of replica buildings and historic structures relocated from southern Alberta. Other major city attractions include Canada Olympic Park (and the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame), Calaway Park amusement park, Spruce Meadows (equestrian/showjumping centre) and Race City Motorsport Park. Canada Olympic Park (COP is located in Calgary Alberta, Canada. Calaway Park is Western Canada's largest outdoor family amusement park Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group Spruce Meadows is an internationally-recognized equestrian facility located in Calgary Alberta built by the Southern Family and opened in 1976 In addition to the many shopping areas in the city centre, there are a number of large suburban shopping complexes in Calgary. Among the largest are Chinook Centre and Southcentre Mall in the south, WestHills and Signal Hill in the southwest, South Trail Crossing and Deerfoot Meadows in the southeast, Market Mall in the northwest, and Sunridge Mall in the northeast. Chinook Centre is the largest enclosed shopping mall (by area in Calgary Alberta (1175000 square feet / 109161 m² Southcentre Mall is one of the largest (by area malls in Calgary Alberta,. Market Mall is one of the largest malls (by area in Calgary Alberta (900490 square feet / 83658 Sunridge Mall is a major enclosed shopping mall in Calgary Alberta containing 758626 square feet / 70478

Calgary's downtown can easily be recognized by its numerous skyscrapers. The Petro-Canada Centre is a 1945000 square foot (181000 m² project composed of two Granite and reflective Glass -clad office towers of 32 floors Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger Some of these structures, such as the Calgary Tower and the Pengrowth Saddledome are unique enough to be symbols of Calgary. The Calgary Tower is a 191 meter (626 foot free standing observation Tower in downtown Calgary Alberta, Canada. The Pengrowth Saddledome is the main indoor Arena facility in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and is situated on the east end of the Calgary Office buildings tend to concentrate within the commercial core, while residential towers occur most frequently within the Downtown West End and the Beltline, south of downtown. The Beltline is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, Canada. These buildings are iconographic of the city's booms and busts, and it is easy to recognize the various phases of development that have shaped the image of downtown. The first skyscraper building boom occurred during the late 1950s and continued through to the 1970s. After 1980, during the recession caused by dropping oil prices and the National Energy Program, many highrise construction projects were immediately halted. The National Energy Program ( NEP) was an energy policy of the Government of Canada. It was not until the late 1980s and through to the early 1990s that major construction began again, initiated by the 1988 Winter Olympics and stimulated by the growing economy. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 The 1988 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Calgary

In total, there are 10 office towers that are at least 150 metres (500 ft) (usually around 40 floors) or higher. The tallest of these is the Petro-Canada Centre, which is the tallest office tower in Canada outside of Toronto. The Petro-Canada Centre is a 1945000 square foot (181000 m² project composed of two Granite and reflective Glass -clad office towers of 32 floors A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario ^[34] Calgary's Bankers Hall Towers are also the tallest twin towers in Canada. Bankers Hall is a building complex located in downtown Calgary, Alberta, which includes twin 52-storey office towers (197 metres high designed by the architectural Several larger office towers are planned for downtown: The Bow, Jameson Place, Penny Lane Towers (East and West), Centennial Place (two towers), City Centre (two towers), and the highly anticipated (although only rumoured) Imperial Oil and First Canadian Centre II towers. The Bow is a 158000 square meter (17-million-sq-ft office building currently under construction for the headquarters of EnCana Corporation. Eighth Avenue Place is a twin office tower project to be built on the former site of Calgary 's historic Penny Lane Mall. As of 2007, Calgary had 220 completed high-rise buildings, with 21 more under construction, another 13 approved for construction and 10 more proposed. A high-rise is a tall Building or structure Normally the function of the building is added for example high-rise Apartment building or ^[35]

To connect many of the downtown office buildings, the city also boasts the world's most extensive skyway network (elevated indoor pedestrian bridges), officially called the +15. Early examples of skywalks Copenhagen, Denmark: skywalk connecting courts building to adjacent uses 18th century Faaborg The name derives from the fact that the bridges are usually 15 feet (4. 6 m) above grade. ^[36]

See also: List of Calgary's 10 tallest skyscrapers

Demographics

Ethnic Origin[37]
Ethnic Group	Population	Percent
Canadian	237,740	25. This is a list of the tallest Skyscrapers and buildings in the city of Calgary, Alberta, Population of Canada: 31612895 (2006 Census Provinces and territories Metropolitan areas Cities 64%
English	214,500	23. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English 13%
Scottish	164,665	17. The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. 76%
German	164,420	17. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as 73%
Irish	140,030	15. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate 10%
Ukrainian	125,720	13. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens 56%
French	113,005	12. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( 19%

According the 2006 Statistics Canada federal census,^[2] there were 988,193 people living within the City of Calgary proper. The Calgary Stampede, which bills itself as The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth, is a large Festival, exhibition, and Rodeo held in Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Of this population, 49. 9 per cent were male and 50. 1 per cent were female. Children under five accounted for approximately 6. 0 per cent of the resident population of Calgary. This compares with 6. 2 per cent in Alberta, and almost 5. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 6 per cent for Canada overall. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

In 2006, the average age in Calgary was 35. 7 years of age compared with 36. 0 for Alberta and 39. 5 years of age for all of Canada.

In 2001, the population was 878,866,^[38] while in 1996 Calgary had 768,082 inhabitants.

Between 2006 and 2001, Calgary's population grew by 12. 4 percent. During the same time period, the population of Alberta increased by 10. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 6 percent, while that of Canada grew by 5. 4 percent. The population density of Calgary averaged 1,360. 2 inhabitants per square kilometer (3,522. 9/sq mi), compared with an average of 5. 1 inhabitants per square kilometer (13. 2/sq mi) for the province.

A city-administered census estimate, conducted annually to assist in negotiating financial agreements with the provincial and federal governments, showed a population of just over 991,000 in 2006. The population of the Calgary Census Metropolitan Area was just over 1. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to 1 million, and the Calgary Economic Region posted a population of just under 1. The Calgary Region is the metropolitan area based around Calgary, Alberta. 17 million in 2006. On July 25, 2006 the municipal government officially acknowledged the birth of the city's one millionth resident, with the census indicating that the population is rising by approximately 98 people per day. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[39] This date was arrived at only by means of assumption and statistical approximation and only took into account children born to Calgarian parents. A net migration of 25,794 persons/year was recorded in 2006, a significant increase from 12,117 in 2005. ^[40]

Calgary is the main city of Census Division No. 6 and the Calgary Regional Partnership. Demographics In 2006 Division No 6 had a population of 1160936† living in 465473 dwellings, a 13 The Calgary Region is the metropolitan area based around Calgary, Alberta.

Visible minority groups

A majority of Calgarians declare themselves to be of European ancestry. The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. This group comprises 77. 8% of the population (832,405). Another 2. 4% (26,575 people) of the population is Aboriginal. Aboriginal people in Canada, also known as Canadian aboriginal citizens, are people who belong to recognized indigenous groups in the Canadian Constitution Act In addition, the city is home to a relatively large number of people belonging to visible minority groups. Visible minority is a term used primarily in Canada to describe persons who are not of the majority race in a given population These groups include Chinese: 66,375 or 6. 2%, South Asian: 57,700 or 5. 4%,Filipino: 25,560 or 2. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP 4%, Black Canadian: 21,060 or 2. Black Canadians', Caribbean Canadians, and African Canadians are designations used for people of Black African descent who reside in 0%, Latin American: 13,410 or 1. 3%, and many others. Based on single responses. Statistics are from the 2006 Statistics Canada census. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help ^[41]

Government and politics

Calgary is mostly a conservative city, dominated by traditional small-c social conservatives and fiscal conservatives. Social conservatism is a political or moral ideology that affirms the government's role in encouraging or enforcing traditional values or behaviors in the belief that these are what Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined ^[42] As the city is a corporate power-centre, a high percentage of the workforce is employed in white-collar jobs. The high concentration of oil and gas corporation lead to the rise of Peter Lougheed’s Progressive Conservative Party in 1971. Edgar Peter Lougheed, PC, CC, AOE, QC, (born July 26, 1928, in Calgary Alberta) is a Canadian The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta is a provincial right-of-centre party in the Canadian province of Alberta. ^[43] During the 1990s the city's mainstream political culture was dominated by the right-wing Reform Party of Canada federally, and the Progressive Conservatives provincially. Political culture can be defined as "The orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics and their perceptions of political legitimacy and the traditions of political The Reform Party of Canada ( Parti réformiste du Canada) was a Canadian federal Political party that existed from 1987 to 2000

The Green Party of Canada has also made inroads in Calgary, exemplified by results of the 2004 federal election where they achieved 7. The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal Political party founded in 1983 with around 9000 registered members as of November 2007. The Canadian federal election 2004 (more formally the 38th General Election) was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of 5% of the vote across the city and 11. 3% in the Calgary North Centre riding. Calgary Centre-North (formerly known as Calgary North Centre) is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented A provincial alternative, represented by the right-wing Alberta Alliance, became active during the 26th Alberta general election and campaigned for fiscally and socially conservative reforms, and managed a growing percentage of support thereafter. The Alberta Alliance was a right wing Political party in Alberta, Canada. The Alberta general election of 2004 was the twenty-sixth general election for the province of Alberta, Canada.

However, as Calgary's population has increased, so has the diversity of its politics. One growing alternative movement was recently active during the 2000 World Petroleum Congress demonstrations and the J26 G8 2002 protests. J26 was a smaller-size convergence in what is commonly called the Anti-globalization movement. Protesters were a mix of locals and outsiders. The city has chapters of various activist organizations, as well as an Anti-Capitalist Convergence. Anti-Capitalist Communists (ACC are organizations which sprang up in North America in the late 1990s and early 2000s as forms of coordinating activities by the growing

Municipal politics

Calgary is governed in accordance with Alberta's Municipal Government Act (1995). ^[44] The citizens vote for members of the Calgary City Council every three years with the most recent vote in October 2007. The Calgary City Council is the legislative governing body that represents the citizens of Calgary. City Council consists of the mayor and 14 ward aldermen. A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions The mayor is Dave Bronconnier who was first elected in 2001. David 'Dave' Thomas Bronconnier is a Canadian politician currently serving as the 35th Mayor of Calgary Alberta. ^[1]

The city has an operating budget of $2. An operating budget is the annual Budget of an activity stated in terms of Budget Classification Code functional/subfunctional categories and cost accounts 1 billion for 2007, supported 41% by property taxes. Property tax, or millage tax, is an Ad valorem tax that an owner pays on the value of the property being taxed $757 million in property taxes are collected annually, with $386 million from residential and $371 million from non-residential properties. ^[45] 54% of the budget is spent for wages of the 13,043 city employees and expeditures.

Provincial politics

Calgary is represented by 23 provincial MLAs including 19 members of the Progressive Conservatives and 4 members of the Alberta Liberals. The Legislative Assembly of Alberta is one of two components of the Legislature of Alberta, the other being the Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta. The Alberta Liberal Party is a political party in Alberta, Canada. For exactly 14 years (from 14 December 1992 to 14 December 2006), the provincial premier and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta, Ralph Klein, held the Calgary Elbow seat. Ralph Phillip Klein (born November 1, 1942) was the premier of the Canadian province of Alberta and leader of the Alberta Calgary-Elbow is a provincial Electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Canada. Klein was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in 1989 and resigned on September 20, 2006. ^[46] He was succeeded as provincial premier and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party by Ed Stelmach, MLA for Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville. Edward Michael Stelmach (ˈstɛlmæk (born May 11 1951 is the current Premier of Alberta, Canada having served in this capacity since December 14 2006 Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville is a provincial Electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Canada. Following this leadership change Calgary saw its leadership and representation on provincial matters further reduced as its representation on the provincial cabinet was reduced from eight to three^[47] with only one Calgary MLA, Greg Melchin, retaining a cabinet seat. The 2006 Alberta Progressive Conservative leadership election was held in November and December 2006 to choose a new leader for the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta In June 2007 Ralph Klein's old riding, a seat the PC Party held since it took office in 1971 fell to Alberta Liberal Craig Cheffins during a by-election. Craig Cheffins is a former member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for the Calgary Elbow riding A by-election or bye-election (called special election in the United States) is an Election held to fill a political office that has become vacant ^[48]

Federal politics

All eight of Calgary's federal MPs are members of the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC). The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative ^[49] The CPC's predecessors have traditionally held the majority of the city's federal seats. The federal electoral district of Calgary Southwest is held by Prime Minister and CPC leader Stephen Harper. An electoral district (also known as a Constituency or a riding in the Canadian English political Jargon) is a geographically-based Calgary Southwest is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 1988 WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC Coincidentally, the same seat was also held by Preston Manning, the leader of the Reform Party of Canada, a predecessor of CPC. Ernest Preston Manning, CC (born June 10, 1942, in Edmonton Alberta) is a Right-wing populist Canadian politician The Reform Party of Canada ( Parti réformiste du Canada) was a Canadian federal Political party that existed from 1987 to 2000 Joe Clark, former Prime Minister and former leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (also a predecessor of the CPC), held the riding of Calgary Centre. Charles Joseph "Joe" Clark PC CC AOE (born June 5 1939 is a Canadian Journalist, Politician, Statesman The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( PC) ( Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) ( 1867 – 2003) was a Canadian Calgary Centre (formerly known as Calgary South Centre) is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in Of Canada's 22 prime ministers, two have represented a Calgary riding while prime minister. The first was R. B. Bennett from Calgary West, who held that position from 1930 to 1935. Richard Bennett may refer to Richard Bennett (actor, film star and father of actresses Constance Bennett and Joan Bennett Dick Bennett, Calgary West is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons

Economy

See also: Economy of Alberta

Employment by industry[41]
Industry	Calgary	Alberta
Agriculture	6. Alberta's economy is one of the strongest in Canada supported by the burgeoning petroleum industry and to a lesser extent agriculture and technology 1%	10. 9%
Manufacturing	15. 8%	15. 8%
Trade	15. 9%	15. 8%
Finance	6. 4%	5. 0%
Health and education	25. 1%	18. 8%
Business services	25. 1%	18. 8%
Other services	16. 5%	18. 7%

Calgary's economy is still dominated by the oil and gas industry, despite recent diversification. The larger companies are BP, EnCana, Imperial Oil, Petro-Canada, Shell Canada, Suncor Energy, and TransCanada, making the city home to 87% of Canada's oil and natural gas producers and 66% of coal producers. EnCana Corporation is one of the largest oil and gas Companies in the world. Imperial Oil Limited ( French: Compagnie Pétrolière Impériale Limitée) () is Canada 's largest Petroleum company Petro-Canada () is a Canadian oil and gas firm Its headquarters are in the Petro-Canada Centre in Calgary, Alberta Shell Canada Limited is the subsidiary of Europe -based Royal Dutch Shell and one of Canada 's largest integrated oil Companies. Suncor Energy Inc () is Canada 's original Oil sands developer having produced the first barrel of Crude oil from the Athabasca oil sands TransCanada Corporation ( ( is a major North American energy company based in Calgary Alberta, primarily involved in the development and operation of North American Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, ^[50]

Labour force (2006)[2]
Rate	Calgary	Alberta	Canada
Employment	72. 3%	70. 9%	62. 4%
Unemployment	4. 1%	4. 3%	6. 6%
Participation	75. 4%	70. 9%	66. 8%

In 1996, Canadian Pacific Railway moved its head office from Montreal to Calgary, and, with 3,100 employees, is among the city's top employers. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated ^[51] In 2005, Imperial Oil moved its headquarters from Toronto to Calgary in order to take advantage of Alberta's favourable corporate taxes and to be closer to its oil operations. Imperial Oil Limited ( French: Compagnie Pétrolière Impériale Limitée) () is Canada 's largest Petroleum company ^[52] This involved the relocation of approximately 400 families.

Some other large employers include Shaw Communications (7,500 employees), NOVA Chemicals (4,900 employees), Telus (4,500 employees), Nexen (3,200 employees), CNRL (2,500 employees), Shell Canada (2,200 employees), Dow Chemical Canada (2,000 employees). Shaw Communications is a Canadian Telecommunications company that provides telephone internet and television services NOVA Chemicals Corporation () is a leading plastics and chemical company headquartered in Calgary Alberta, with Executive Offices in Moon Township Pennsylvania Telus ( TSX: T TA NYSE: TU is a national Telecommunications company in Canada that provides a wide range of communications products and Nexen Inc () is an energy company based in Calgary, Alberta. History Nexen started in 1971 under the name "Canadian Occidental Canadian Natural Resources Limited () is an oil and Natural gas exploration development and production company based in Calgary Alberta. Shell Canada Limited is the subsidiary of Europe -based Royal Dutch Shell and one of Canada 's largest integrated oil Companies. The Dow Chemical Company () is an American Multinational corporation headquartered in Midland Michigan. ^[51]

In October 2006, EnCana announced the construction of the Bow, a 59-floor skyscraper in the downtown core of the city. EnCana Corporation is one of the largest oil and gas Companies in the world. The Bow is a 158000 square meter (17-million-sq-ft office building currently under construction for the headquarters of EnCana Corporation. This new corporate headquarters for the company will become, when completed, the tallest building in Canada outside of Toronto. ^[53]

As of 2005, Calgary had a labour force of 649,300 (a 76. In Economics the people in the labor force are the suppliers of labor 3% participation rate). ^[54] In 2006, Calgary had the lowest unemployment rate (3. 2%) among major cities in Canada,^[55] and as a result, there is an extreme shortage of workers, both skilled and unskilled. ^[56] It is common to see signing bonuses for workers in the service industry as well as starting wages for grade school students up to $15 per hour at local fast food eateries. ^[57][58] Downtown hotels have had to shut down floors due to a lack of staff to clean all the rooms. Calgary's housing boom, combined with large road construction projects and competition from oil fields with high wages to the north, has created a strain on the labour force. An oil field is a region with an abundance of Oil wells extracting Petroleum (crude oil from below ground

Education

Higher education

Calgary is the site of five major public post-secondary institutions. The University of Calgary is a research-intensive Public university in Calgary Alberta, Canada. Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges The University of Calgary is Calgary's primary large degree-granting facility. The University of Calgary is a research-intensive Public university in Calgary Alberta, Canada. 28,807 students were enrolled there in 2006. ^[59] Mount Royal College is one of the city's largest post-secondary institutions with 13,000 students, granting degrees in a number of fields. Since the day it opened its doors to 154 students in 1911 Calgary’s Mount Royal College has provided innovative programs that create a world of possibilities for its students With over 14,000 full-time students, SAIT Polytechnic provides polytechnic and apprentice education, granting certificates, diplomas and applied degrees. Southern Alberta Institute of Technology, or SAIT (say-t as it's referred to locally is located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Main Campus is in the Northwest quadrant, just north of downtown. Bow Valley College's main campus is located downtown and provides training in business, technology, and the liberal arts for about 10,000 students (the college has three campuses in Calgary and numerous in the region). Bow Valley College is a public college with its main campus located in Downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger The Alberta College of Art and Design (ACAD) is located in Calgary. The Alberta College of Art and Design ( ACAD) is located in Calgary on the North Hill overlooking the Bow River and the downtown skyline in a In addition, the University of Lethbridge has a satellite campus in the city. The University of Lethbridge (also known as U of L) is a public university in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.

There are also several private liberal arts institutions including Ambrose University College, official Canadian university college of the Church of the Nazarene and the Christian and Missionary Alliance and St. Mary's University College. The term liberal arts refers to a particular type of educational Curriculum broadly defined as a Classical education. Ambrose University College (AUC is a private Christian Liberal arts college located in Calgary, Alberta. The Church of the Nazarene, often referred to as the Nazarene Church is an International evangelical Christian denomination that began in The Christian and Missionary Alliance (C&MA is an Evangelical Protestant denomination within Christianity. St Mary's University College is a private Catholic Liberal arts institution in the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. As well, Calgary is home to DeVry Career College's only Canadian campus. DeVry University and DeVry Institute of Technology are divisions of Devry Inc

School system

In the year 2005 roughly 97,000 students attended K-12 in about 215 schools in the English language public school system run by the Calgary Board of Education. K–12 (pronounced "kay through twelve" "kay to twelve" or just "kay twelve" a designation for the sum of primary and Secondary education English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Calgary Board of Education (CBE is the public school board in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ^[60] Another 43,000 attend about 93 schools in the separate English language Calgary Catholic School District board. Size The CCSD is second in size (by student count to the city's main school board the public Calgary Board of Education (CBE ^[61] The much smaller Francophone community has their own French language school boards (public and Catholic), which are both based in Calgary, but serve a larger regional district. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people A board of education or a school Board or school committee is the title of the Board of directors of a school local School district There are also several public charter schools in the city. Alberta charter schools are a special type of public schools, which have a greater degree of autonomy than a normal public school to allow them to offer programs that are significantly Calgary has a number of unique schools, including the country's first high school exclusively designed for Olympic-calibre athletes, the National Sport School. The National Sport School (NSS is a public high school (secondary school in Calgary, Alberta; which teaches grades 9 through 12 Calgary is also home to many private schools including Strathcona Tweedsmuir, Rundle College, Clear Water Academy, Chinook Winds Adventist Academy, Webber Academy,Delta West Academy, Masters Academy, West Island College and Edge School. For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered Strathcona-Tweedsmuir School (STS is a private school in Okotoks, Alberta, just outside of Calgary. Clear Water Academy is a private university preparatory school located in Calgary Alberta. The West Island Colleges are a set of private Canadian Junior high and High schools one of which is located in Montreal 's West Island Edge School is a Private school located in Calgary Alberta Canada, which combines academics with a strong emphasis on athletics

Almadina Language Charter Academy is a charter school whose mandate is the education of children who do not speak English fluently. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Calgary is also home to Western Canada's largest high school, Lord Beaverbrook High School, with 2241 students enrolled in the 2005-2006 school year. Lord Beaverbrook High School or LBHS is a high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. An academic term is a division of an academic year the time during which a School, College or University holds classes ^[62]

Media

Main article: Media of Calgary

Infrastructure

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Calgary

Calgary is considered a transportation hub for much of central and western Canada. Calgary International Airport (YYC), in the city's northeast, is the third largest in Canada by aircraft movements and is a major cargo hub. Non-stop destinations include cities throughout Canada, the United States, Europe, Central America, and Asia (cargo services only). Non-Stop is a 1958 Science fiction novel by Brian Aldiss. It was Aldiss's first novel The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Calgary's presence on the Trans-Canada Highway and the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) mainline (which includes the CPR Alyth Yard) also make it an important hub for freight. The Trans-Canada Highway is a federal-provincial Highway system that joins all ten provinces of Canada. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR Alyth (Calgary Yard is a 168 acre Class 1 railway facility located in the neighbourhood of Alyth, south-east of downtown Calgary, Alberta. The Rocky Mountaineer and Royal Canadian Pacific provides regular interurban passenger tour rail service to Calgary, VIA Rail no longer provides rail service to Calgary. Rocky Mountaineer Vacations (RMV is a tour company founded in 1990 based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada who operate vintage trains over numerous The Royal Canadian Pacific is a luxury excursion passenger train operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR inaugurated on June 7, 2000, VIA Rail Canada (also referred to as VIA Rail and VIA; ˈviːə 'vee-ah' is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail

Calgary maintains a major streets network and a freeway system. Much of the system is on a grid where roads are numbered with avenues running east–west and streets running north–south. Roads in predominantly residential areas as well as freeways and expressways do not generally conform to the grid and are usually not numbered as a result.

Calgary Transit provides public transportation services throughout the city with buses and light rail. Calgary Transit is the public transit service which is owned and operated by the city of Calgary Alberta. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. Calgary's rail system, known as the C-Train was one of the first such systems in North America and consists of three lines (two routes) on 42. C-Train is the Light rail transit (LRT system in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 1 kilometres (26. 2 mi) of track (mostly at grade with a dedicated right-of-way carrying 42% of the downtown working population). A right-of-way is a strip of land that is granted – through an Easement or other mechanism – for Transportation purposes such as for a Rail line or Light rail transit use within the downtown core is free. The bus system has over 160 routes and is operated by 800 vehicles. ^[63]

As an alternative to the over 260 kilometres (162 mi) of dedicated bikeways on streets, the city has a large interconnected network of paved multi-use (bicycle, walking, rollerblading, etc) paths spanning over 635 kilometres (395 mi). ^[32]

Medical centres and hospitals

Main article: Health care in Calgary

Calgary has three major hospitals; the Foothills Medical Centre, the Rockyview General Hospital and the Peter Lougheed Centre, all overseen by the Calgary Health Region. Alberta Children's Hospital is a public hospital for sick children located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Calgary currently has three major adult acute care hospitals the Foothills Medical Centre, the Foothills Medical Centre (FMC is the largest Hospital in Alberta, Canada and is located in the city of Calgary. Rockyview General Hospital (RGH is a large Hospital in Alberta, Canada. Peter Lougheed Centre (PLC is a large Hospital in Alberta, Canada. Calgary Health Region is the governing body for Healthcare regulation in an area of the Canadian province of Alberta. A medical evacuation helicopter operates under the auspices of the Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society. Medical evacuation, often termed MEDEVAC or medivac, is the timely and efficient movement and en route care provided by medical personnel to the wounded being The Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society (STARS was formed in Calgary, Alberta, as a means of funding the purchase of the city's first medical evacuation helicopter Calgary also has the Tom Baker Cancer Centre (located in the Foothills Medical Centre), Alberta Children's Hospital, and Grace Women's Health Centre providing a variety of care, in addition to hundreds of smaller medical and dental clinics. Thomas Stewart "Tom" Baker (born 20 January 1934 is an English Actor. Alberta Children's Hospital is a public hospital for sick children located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The University of Calgary Medical Centre also operates in partnership with the Calgary Health Region, by researching cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, joint injury, arthritis and genetics. The University of Calgary is a research-intensive Public university in Calgary Alberta, Canada. ^[64]

The four largest Calgary hospitals have a combined total of more than 1,800 beds, and employ over 11,500 people. ^[65]

Military

Main article: Military in Calgary

The presence of the Canadian military has been part of Calgary's economy and culture since the early years of the 20th century, beginning with the assignment of a squadron of Strathcona's Horse. Beginning with establishment of Fort Calgary (a North-West Mounted Police fort in 1875 the city of Calgary, Alberta has had some degree of permanent military Mewata Armoury (also referred to as Mewata Armouries is a Canadian Forces reserve Armoury in Calgary Alberta. Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians (LdSH) is a regular Armoured Regiment of the Canadian Forces. After many failed attempts to create the city's own unit, the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles) was finally authorized on 1 April 1910. Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Calgary was established as Currie Barracks and Harvie Barracks following the Second World War. Canadian Forces Base Calgary, also CFB Calgary, was a Canadian Forces Base located in Calgary Alberta. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The base remained the most significant Department of National Defence (DND) institution in the city until it was decommissioned in 1998, when most of the units moved to CFB Edmonton. CFB Edmonton is a Canadian Forces Base located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Despite this closure, Calgary is still home to a number of Canadian Forces Reserve units, garrisoned throughout the city. The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence They include The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC), The Calgary Highlanders, 746 Communication Squadron, 15 (Edmonton) Field Ambulance Detachment Calgary, along with a small cadre of Regular Force support. The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC, or KOCR is an armoured unit of the Canadian Forces Primary Reserve based at the Mewata Armoury in Calgary The Calgary Highlanders is a Canadian Forces Land Force Primary Reserve Infantry Regiment, headquartered at Mewata Armouries 746 Communication Squadron is a reserve military unit in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Calgary is also home to several cadet units, including 52 "City of Calgary" Squadron, the oldest air cadet squadron in Calgary which celebrated their 65th anniversary in 2007. ^[66]

Contemporary issues

As a city that has experienced rapid growth in recent years, Calgary has experienced issues such as urban sprawl. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area With no geographical barriers to its growth besides the Tsuu T'ina First Nation to the southwest and an affluent population that can afford large homes and properties, the city now has only a slightly smaller urban footprint than that of New York City and its boroughs, despite having less than one-eighth the population of New York City proper. Tsuu T'ina Nation 145 is the name of an Indian reserve in southern Alberta, Canada. The City of New York A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice This has led to difficulties in providing necessary transportation to Calgary’s population, both in the form of roadways and public transit. It has also led to an interpretation of the city as being a “driver’s city”. With the redevelopment of the Beltline and the Downtown East Village at the forefront, efforts are underway to vastly increase the density of the inner city, but the sprawl continues. The Beltline is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Downtown East Village is a residential neighbourhood within the eastern portions of downtown Calgary, Alberta, ^[67] In 2003, the combined population of the downtown neighbourhoods (the Downtown Commercial Core, the Downtown East Village, the Downtown West End, Eau Claire, and Chinatown) was just over 12,600. Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger The Downtown East Village is a residential neighbourhood within the eastern portions of downtown Calgary, Alberta, The Downtown West End is a neighbourhood within the western portions of downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada The neighbourhood of Eau Claire in Calgary, Alberta, Canada is located immediately north of Downtown Calgary's Chinatown is the third largest in Canada after those in Vancouver and Toronto. In addition, the Beltline to the south of downtown had a population of 17,200. ^[68]

Because of the growth of the city, its southwest borders are now immediately adjacent to the Tsuu T'ina Nation Indian reserve. A condominium, or condo, is a form of Housing tenure and other Real property where a specified part of a piece of real estate (usually of an apartment The Downtown West End is a neighbourhood within the western portions of downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada Tsuu T'ina Nation 145 is the name of an Indian reserve in southern Alberta, Canada. Recent residential developments in the deep southwest of the city have created a need for a major roadway heading into the interior of the city,^[69] but because of complications in negotiations with the Tsuu T'ina about the construction, the construction has not yet begun. A residential development (sometimes simply called a subdivision) is typically a Piece of Property that is divided into lots with The Tsuu T'ina Nation (also Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsu T’ina, Tsuut’ina) is a First Nation in Canada. ^[70]

The city has many socioeconomic issues including homelessness. Socioeconomics or socio-economics is the study of the relationship between economic activity and Social life. Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who lack housing because they cannot afford or are otherwise unable to maintain regular safe and adequate shelter ^[71] Certain portions of downtown core and inner city have been singled out as being home to much higher proportions of disadvantaged residents, as well as some neighbourhoods in the city’s east. Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se but is actually a larger The share of poor families living in very poor neighbourhoods increased from 6. 4% to 20. 3% between 1980 and 1990. ^[72]

Although Calgary and Alberta have traditionally been affordable places to live, substantial growth (much of it due to the prosperous energy sector and the northern oil sands projects) has led to increasing demand on real-estate. Real estate is a legal term (in some jurisdictions notably in the USA, United Kingdom As a result, house prices in Calgary have increased significantly in recent years, but have stagnated over the last half of 2007, and into 2008. ' Real estate pricing deals with the valuation (finance and there are three main methods appraisals with comparable properties capitalization rate comparisons with similar ^[73] As of November 2006, Calgary is the most expensive city in Canada for commercial/downtown office space,^[74] and the second most expensive city (second to Vancouver) for residential real-estate. The cost of living and inflation is now the highest in the country, recent figures show that inflation was running at 6% in April 2007. ^[75]

Even though Calgary has a relatively low crime rate when compared to other cities in North America, gangs and drug-related crime are becoming much larger issues than they have been in the past. Crime statistics attempt to provide a statistical measure of the level or amount of- Crime that is prevalent in societies Gangsters redirects here For the computer game see Gangsters (video game. Illegal drugs are related to crime in multiple ways Most directly it is a crime to use possess manufacture or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse Marijuana grow operations busts have decreased in 2005, while possession and trafficking have increased. Cannabis ( Cán-na-bis) is a Genus of Flowering plants that includes three putative species Cannabis sativa subsp ^[76]

Other images

Calgary Skyline At Sunset

Sister cities

The city of Calgary maintains trade development programs, cultural and educational partnerships in twinning agreements with six cities:^[77]

• Phoenix, Arizona (United States)—1997
• Daejeon (South Korea)—1996
• Naucalpan (Mexico)—1994
• Daqing (People's Republic of China)—1985
• Jaipur (India)—1973
• Quebec City (Canada)—1956

See also

• Calgary Region
• Calgro
• Downtown Calgary
• List of mayors of Calgary, Alberta
• List of notable Calgarians
• Media of Calgary

Notes

References

• Martin, James (2002). Calgary: the Unknown City. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press. ISBN 1-55152-111-3.  
• Janz, Darrel (2001). Calgary : heart of the new west. Memphis, TN: Towery Pub. ISBN 1-881096-93-9.  

External links

• Official Website
• Tourism
• Calgary Weather Observations and forecasts
• Downtown
• Interactive Map
• Calgary Wiki
• Calgary travel guide from Wikitravel
• Community Associations
• Travel Guide
• Folk Music Festival
• 2001 Census Profile

Coordinates: 51°02′42″N 114°03′26″W / 51.045, -114.05722

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