| Calcium oxide | |
|---|---|
 |
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| IUPAC name | Calcium Oxide |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | CaO |
| Molar mass | 56. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Calcium oxide ( CaO) commonly known as burnt lime, lime or quicklime, is a widely used Chemical compound. Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 077 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Density | 3350 kg/m³, solid |
| Melting point | |
| Boiling point | |
| Solubility in water | reacts |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as burnt lime, lime or quicklime, is a widely used chemical compound. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Lime is a general term for various naturally occurring Minerals and materials derived from them in which Carbonates Oxides and Hydroxides of A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. It is a white, caustic and alkaline crystalline solid. In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating As a commercial product, lime often also contains magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and smaller amounts of aluminium oxide and iron oxide. Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 Silicon (ˈsɪlɪkən or /ˈsɪlɪkɒn/ silicium is the Chemical element that has the symbol Si and Atomic number 14 WikipediaNaming Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26
Calcium oxide is usually made by the thermal decomposition of materials such as limestone, that contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3; mineral name: calcite) in a lime kiln. Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 An oxide is a Chemical compound containing at least one Oxygen atom as well as at least one other element Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Calcium carbonate is a Chemical compound with the Chemical formula Ca[[Carbon C]] O 3 Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of Calcium carbonate ( Ca[[carbon C]] O 3 A lime kiln is a Kiln used to produce quicklime by the Calcination of Limestone ( Calcium carbonate) This is accomplished by heating the material to above 825°C,[1] a process called calcination or lime-burning, to liberate a molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2); leaving CaO. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Calcination (also referred to as calcining) is a thermal treatment process applied to ores and other solid materials in order to bring about a Thermal decomposition Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single This process is reversible, since once the quicklime product has cooled, it immediately begins to absorb carbon dioxide from the air, until, after enough time, it is completely converted back to calcium carbonate. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Calcium carbonate is a Chemical compound with the Chemical formula Ca[[Carbon C]] O 3 Calcination of limestone is one of the first chemical reactions discovered by man and was known in prehistory. Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic"
Up until the 20th century, quicklime was used as a disinfectant, usually in a 10% solution called milk of lime. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on However, it had the disadvantage of decomposing rapidly on exposure to air and moisture, and the burnt lime had to be fresh and unslaked. [2]
Usage
As hydrated or slaked lime, Ca(OH)2 (mineral name: portlandite), it is used in mortar and plaster to increase the rate of hardening as well as to improve adhesion. Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, hydrated lime, or pickling lime, is a Chemical compound with the chemical formula Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, hydrated lime, or pickling lime, is a Chemical compound with the chemical formula Mortar is a workable paste formed by mixture of Cement, Water and fine aggregate Masonry to bind construction blocks together and fill the gaps between The term plaster can refer to plaster of Paris Lime plaster, or Cement plaster. Hydrated lime is very simple to make as lime is a basic anhydride and reacts vigorously with water. Hydrate is a term used in Inorganic chemistry and Organic chemistry to indicate that a substance contains Water. In Chemistry, an anhydride is a compound that can be considered as derived from another compound by subtracting the molecules of water. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Lime is also used in glass production and its ability to react with silicates is also used in modern metal production (steel, magnesium, aluminium and other metals) industries to remove impurities as slag. Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 WikipediaNaming Slag is the By-product of Smelting Ore to purify Metals They can be considered to be a mixture of metal Oxides however
It is also used in water and sewage treatment to reduce acidity, to soften, as a flocculant, and to remove phosphates and other impurities; in paper making to dissolve lignin, as a coagulant, and in bleaching; in agriculture to improve acidic soils; and in pollution control, in gas scrubbers to desulfurize waste gases and to treat many liquid effluents. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are Flocculation is a process where a Solute comes out of Solution in the form of floc or flakes A phosphate, an Inorganic chemical, is a salt of Phosphoric acid. Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging Lignin or lignen is a complex Chemical compound most commonly derived from Wood and an integral part of the secondary Cell walls of Plants Flocculation is a process where a Solute comes out of Solution in the form of floc or flakes A bleach is a Chemical that removes color or whitens often via Oxidation. Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 It has traditionally been used in the burial of bodies in open graves, to hide the smell of decomposition, as well as in forensic science, to reveal fingerprints. It is a refractory and a dehydrating agent and is used to purify citric acid, glucose, dyes and as a CO2 absorber. A refractory is a material that retains its strength at high Temperatures ASTM C71 defines refractories as "non-metallic materials having those chemical and physical Citric acid is a weak organic Acid. It is a natural Preservative and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and Soft drinks Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. A dye can generally be described as a Colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied It is also used in pottery, paints and the food industry. Pottery is the Ceramic ware made by potters It also refers to a group of materials that includes Earthenware, Stoneware Paint is any Liquid, liquifiable or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque Solid Furthermore, quicklime is used in epidemics, plagues, and disasters to disintegrate bodies in order to help fight the spread of disease. CaO is a key ingredient in the nixtamalization process used to create corn hominy and masa or tortilla dough. Nixtamalization typically refers to a process for the preparation of maize (corn in which the Grain is soaked and cooked in an Alkaline solution Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Hominy or nixtamal is dried maize (corn kernels which have been treated with an Alkali of some kind Masa is Spanish for Dough, but in Mexico it sometimes refers to Cornmeal dough ( masa de maíz in Spanish
A relatively inexpensive substance, CaO produces heat energy by the formation of the hydrate, as in the following equation:[3]
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- CaO + H2O ↔ Ca(OH)2 + 63. In Physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is Energy transferred from one body or system to another due to a difference in Temperature In Physics and other Sciences energy (from the Greek grc ἐνέργεια - Energeia, "activity operation" from grc ἐνεργός 7kJ/mol of CaO
The hydrate can be reconverted to calcium oxide by removing the water in the reversible equation. If the hydrated lime is heated to redness, the CaO will be regenerated to reverse the reaction. As it hydrates, an exothermic reaction results. One litre of water combines with approximately 3. 1kg of calcium oxide to give calcium hydroxide plus 3. 54MJ of energy. The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity This process can be used to provide a convenient portable source of heat, as for on-the-spot food warming in a self-heating can. A self-heating can is an enhancement of the common food can. Self-heating cans have dual chambers one surrounding the other
World lime annual production is around 130 million metric tons, with the USA and China the largest producers, each producing around 20 million metric tons. [1]
References
- ^ Merck Index of chemicals and Drugs , 9th ed. monograph 1650
- ^ A Complete Handbook for the Sanitary Troops of the U.S. Army and Navy (1917)
- ^ US Patent 3,955,554, Solar heating system.
External links
- An authoritative discussion of lime and its uses (US context) by the US Geological Survey
- Factors Affecting the Quality of Quicklime
- American Scientist (discussion of C14 dating of mortar)
- Chemical of the Week -- Lime
Dictionary
calcium oxide
-noun
- (inorganic chemistry) A white powderous substance, CaO, commonly known as lime or quicklime; normally made by heating calcium carbonate.
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