| Calcium fluoride | |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [7789-75-5] |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | CaF2 |
| Appearance | White crystalline solid(single crystals are transparent) |
| Density | 3. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 18 ×103 kg/m3 (solid) |
| Melting point |
1402 °C, 1675 K, 2555 °F |
| Boiling point |
2497 °C, 2770 K, 4526 °F |
| Solubility in water | virtually insoluble |
| Hazards | |
| Ingestion hazard | low |
| Inhalation hazard | low |
| Eye hazard | low |
| Skin hazard | low |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Calcium fluoride (CaF2) is an insoluble ionic compound of calcium and fluorine. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Ingestion is the consumption of a substance by an Organism. In Animals it normally is accomplished by taking in the substance through the Mouth into the Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in Inhalation (also known as respiration) is the movement of air from the external environment through the air ways and into the Alveoli. Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in Eyes are organs that detect Light, and send signals along the Optic nerve to the visual areas of the brain Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in The skin is the outer covering of living tissue of an animal (or plant Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Fluorine, fluorum meaning "to flow" is the Chemical element with the symbol F and Atomic number 9 It occurs naturally as the mineral fluorite (also called fluorspar), and it is the source of most of the world's fluorine. Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is a Mineral composed of Calcium fluoride, Ca[[Fluorine F2]] This insoluble solid adopts a cubic structure wherein calcium is coordinated to eight fluoride anions and each F− ion is surrounded by four Ca2+ ions. [1] Although the pure material is colourless, the mineral is often deeply coloured due to the presence of F-centers. An F-Center is a type of Crystallographic defect in which an Anionic vacancy in a Crystal is filled by one or more Electrons depending on the
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Source of HF
Naturally occurring CaF2 is the principal source of hydrogen fluoride, a commodity chemical used to produce a wide range of materials. Structure HF forms orthorhombic crystals consisting of zig-zag chains of HF molecules Fluoride is liberated from the mineral by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid:
The resulting HF is converted into fluorine, fluorocarbons, and diverse fluoride materials. Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. A solid' object is in the States of matter characterized by resistance to Deformation and changes of Volume. Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of Calcium sulfate is a common laboratory and industrial chemical This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter Fluorocarbons are chemical compounds that contain Carbon - Fluorine bonds The relatively low reactivity and high polarity of the carbon-fluorine bond imparts As of the late 1990s, five billion kilograms were mined annually. [2]
Other applications
Calcium fluoride is commonly used as a window material for both infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths, since it is transparent in these regions (about 0. Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of Ultraviolet ( UV) light is Electromagnetic radiation with a Wavelength shorter than that of Visible light, but longer than X-rays 15 µm to 9 µm) and exhibits extremely weak birefringence. Birefringence, or double refraction, is the decomposition of a ray of Light into two rays (the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray Furthermore the material is fairly inert chemically so that these windows are not attacked. Nevertheless, at wavelengths as low as 157 nm, which are interesting to semiconductor manufacturers, the birefringence of calcium fluoride exceeds tolerable limits. A semiconductor' is a Solid material that has Electrical conductivity in between a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that This problem with birefringence can be mitigated through optimised growth process. It is particularly important as an ultraviolet optical material for integrated circuit lithography. Microchipsjpg|right|thumb|200px|Microchips ( EPROM memory with a transparent window showing the integrated circuit inside Photolithography (also called optical lithography) is a process used in Microfabrication to selectively remove parts of a thin film (or the bulk of a substrate Canon also uses artificially-crystallized calcium fluoride components in some of its L-series lenses to reduce light dispersion. is a Japanese Multinational corporation that specializes in imaging and optical products including Cameras photocopiers and Computer printers An L lens is a line of SLR photography lenses made by Canon.L lenses are Canon's top-of-the-line lenses In Optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the Phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency As an infrared optical material, calcium fluoride is sometimes known by the Eastman Kodak trademarked name "Irtran-3," although this designation is obsolete. Eastman Kodak Company ( is an American multinational Public company which produces imaging and photographic materials and equipment
Uranium-doped calcium fluoride was the second type of solid state laser invented, in the 1960s. Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the In Semiconductor production doping is the process of intentionally introducing impurities into an extremely pure (also referred to as intrinsic) semiconductor to A solid-state laser is a Laser that uses a gain medium that is a Solid, rather than a Liquid such as in Dye lasers or a Gas Peter Sorokin and Mirek Stevenson at IBM's laboratories in Yorktown Heights (US) achieved lasing at 2. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Yorktown Heights is a census-designated place (CDP in the town of Yorktown in Westchester County, New York, United States 5 µm shortly after Maiman's ruby laser. Theodore Harold "Ted" Maiman ( July 11, 1927 - May 5, 2007) was an American Physicist who made the first working A ruby laser is a Solid-state laser that uses a synthetic Ruby crystal as its gain medium.
It is also used as a flux for melting and liquid processing of iron, steel and their composites. Its action is based on its similar melting point to iron, on its ability to dissolve oxides and on its ability to wet oxides and metals.
Safety
Fluorides are toxic to humans, however CaF2 is considered relatively harmless due to its extreme insolubility. The situation is analogous to BaSO4, where the toxicity normally associated with Ba2+ is offset by the very low solubility of its sulfate derivative. Barium sulfate is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula BaSO4
References
- ^ G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr “Inorganic Chemistry” 3rd Ed, Pearson/Prentice Hall publisher, ISBN 0-13-035471-6.
- ^ Holleman, A. F. ; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
See also
Related materials
External links
- NIST webbook thermochemistry data
- Uranium doped CaF2 laser (pdf file)
- Charles Townes on the history of lasers
- National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet
- MSDS (University of Oxford)
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