Citizendia
Your Ad Here

For the film, see Calamity Jane (1953 film) For the comic, see Calamity Jane

Calamity Jane at age 43. Photo by H.R. Locke.
Calamity Jane at age 43. Calamity Jane is a Lucky Luke comic written by Goscinny and illustrated by Morris. Photo by H.R. Locke. Henry R Locke was an American photographer in the 19th century who photographed the Wild West.

Martha Jane Cannary-Burke, better known as Calamity Jane (May 1, 1856 – August 1, 1903), was a frontierswoman and professional scout best known for her claim of being a close friend of Wild Bill Hickok, but also for having gained fame fighting Native Americans. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting A frontier is a Political and Geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information James Butler Hickok ( May 27, 1837 &ndash August 2, 1876) better known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a figure in the American Old Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States

Contents

Biography

Early life: 1856 – 1874

Cannary was born on May 1, 1856 as Martha Jane Cannary in Princeton, Missouri, the oldest of six children, having two brothers and three sisters. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Princeton is a city in Mercer County Missouri. The population was 1047 at the 2000 census Robert W. and Charlotte Cannary are listed in the 1860 census living in Ravanna, Mercer County, Missouri. Mercer County is a County located in the US state of Missouri. Robert packed his family and moved by wagon train from Missouri to Virginia City, Montana in 1869. Charlotte died along the way in Black Foot, Montana in 1870 of "washtub pneumonia". Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal In the spring of that year, Robert took his six children on to Utah, arriving in Salt Lake City in the summer. They were there a year before he died in 1871. At the tender age of 15, Martha Jane took over as head of the family, loaded up the wagon once more, and took her siblings to Fort Bridger, Wyoming Territory. They arrived in May of 1872. From there they traveled to Piedmont, Wyoming, on the Union Pacific Railroad.

In Piedmont, Martha Jane took whatever jobs she could to provide for her large family. She worked as a dishwasher, a cook, a waitress, a dance-hall girl, a nurse, and an ox team driver. Finally, in 1874, she found work as a scout at Fort Russell.

From her autobiography of 1896, Martha Jane writes of this time:

"While on the way, the greater portion of my time was spent in hunting along with the men and hunters of the party; in fact, I was at all times with the men when there was excitement and adventures to be had. By the time we reached Virginia City, I was considered a remarkable good shot and a fearless rider for a girl of my age. I remember many occurrences on the journey from Missouri to Montana. Many times in crossing the mountains, the conditions of the trail were so bad that we frequently had to lower the wagons over ledges by hand with ropes, for they were so rough and rugged that horses were of no use.
"We also had many exciting times fording streams, for many of the streams in our way were noted for quicksands and boggy places, where, unless we were very careful, we would have lost horses and all. Then we had many dangers to encounter in the way of streams swelling on account of heavy rains. On occasions of that kind, the men would usually select the best places to cross the streams; myself, on more than one occasion, have mounted my pony and swam across the stream several times merely to amuse myself, and have had many narrow escapes from having both myself and pony washed away to certain death, but, as the pioneers of those days had plenty of courage, we overcame all obstacles and reached Virginia City in safety. "

Accounts from this period described Cannary as being "extremely attractive" and a "pretty, dark-eyed girl. " Cannary received little to no formal education but was literate. traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, She moved on to a rougher, mostly outdoor adventurous life on the Great Plains. The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada

Scout: 1870 – 1876

Wearing the uniform of a soldier, Martha Jane began her career as a scout. According to her biography, she joined with Custer. As historians have since discovered, she was prone to exaggerations and lies about her exploits, and no evidence exists that Custer was ever at Fort Russell. One source states she more likely served with General George Crook, stationed at Fort Fetterman, Wyoming. [1]

Whichever account is true, this is the time she started dressing like a man. She states:

"Up to this time, I had always worn the costume of my sex. When I joined Custer, I donned the uniform of a soldier. It was a bit awkward at first, but I soon got to be perfectly at home in men's clothes. "

Cannary did serve in one campaign in which Lt Colonel Custer was involved, following the spring of 1872. Custer and Generals Miles, Terry and Crook were dispatched with their forces to handle Indian uprisings near present day Sheridan, Wyoming, which would be called the "Mussel Shell Indian Outbreak", and is also referred to as the "Nursey Pursey Indian Outbreak". Nelson Appleton Miles ( August 8, 1839 &ndash May 15, 1925) was an American soldier who served in the American Civil War, Indian Sheridan is a city in Sheridan County, Wyoming, United States. This is the only confirmed opportunity Calamity had to meet Custer, although it is unlikely that she did.

Following that campaign, in 1874, her detachment was ordered to Fort Custer, where they remained until the following spring. During this campaign (and others involving Custer and Crook together), she was not attached to Custer's command.

Acquiring the nickname

1885 Photos of Calamity Jane
1885 Photos of Calamity Jane[2]

Cannary was involved in several campaigns in the long-running military conflicts with Native Americans. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States One story, told by her, has her acquiring the nickname "Calamity Jane" in 1872 by rescuing her superior, Captain Egan, from an ambush near Sheridan, Wyoming, in an area known then as Goose Creek, Wyoming. However, even back then not everyone accepted her version, and in another story it is said that she acquired it as a result of her warnings to men that to offend her was to "court calamity". One verified story about "Calamity Jane" is that in 1875 her detachment was ordered to the Big Horn River, under General Crook. The Bighorn River is a Tributary of the Yellowstone, approximately 461 mi (742 km long in the western United States in the states of Wyoming Bearing important dispatches, she swam the Platte River and traveled 90 miles (145 km) at top speed while wet and cold to deliver them. The Platte River is an approximately 310 mi (499 km long river in the Western United States. Afterwards, she became ill. After recuperating for a few weeks, she rode to Fort Laramie, Wyoming, and later, in July 1876, she joined a wagon train headed north, which is where she first met Bill Hickok, contrary to her later claims. Fort Laramie National Historic Site, located in present-day Goshen County, Wyoming Wagon Train is a Television Western Series on NBC from 1957 - 1962 and then on ABC from 1962-

Deadwood and Wild Bill Hickok: 1876 – 1881

Calamity Jane accompanied the Newton-Jenney Party into the Black Hills in 1875, along with California Joe and Valentine McGillycuddy. The Newton-Jenney Party of 1875, led by Henry Newton and Walter P The Black Hills ( Pahá Sápa in Lakota, Moˀȯhta-voˀhonáaeva in Cheyenne) are a small isolated Mountain range rising from the Dr Valentine Trant McGillycuddy (1849&ndash1939 was a controversial pioneer of the effort to build a sustainable relationship between the United States and the Native

In 1876, Calamity Jane settled in the area of Deadwood, South Dakota, in the Black Hills. Deadwood, named for the dead trees found in its Gulch, is a city in and the County seat of Lawrence County, South Dakota, The Black Hills ( Pahá Sápa in Lakota, Moˀȯhta-voˀhonáaeva in Cheyenne) are a small isolated Mountain range rising from the There, she became friends with, and was occasionally employed by, Dora DuFran, the Black Hills leading Madame. Madam Dora DuFran or Dora Bolshaw ( November 16 1873 - August 5, 1934) was one of the leading and most successful Brothel operators She became friendly with Wild Bill Hickok and Charlie Utter, having travelled with them to Deadwood in Utter's wagon train. James Butler Hickok ( May 27, 1837 &ndash August 2, 1876) better known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a figure in the American Old Charles H Utter (Colorado Charlie (b near Niagara Falls New York, 1838 &ndash death unknown after 1912 was an early figure in the American Wild West, best known Jane greatly admired Hickok (to the point of infatuation), and she was obsessed with his personality and life.

After Hickok was killed during a poker game on August 2, 1876, Calamity Jane claimed to have been married to Hickok and that Hickok was the father of her child (Jane), whom she said was born on September 25, 1873, and whom she later put up for adoption by Jim O'Neil and his wife. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common No records are known to exist which prove the birth of a child, and the romantic slant to the relationship might have been a fabrication. During the period that the alleged child was born, she was working as a scout for the Army. At the time of his death, Hickok was newly married to Agnes Lake Thatcher, formerly of Cheyenne, Wyoming. Cheyenne are a Native American nation of the Great Plains. The Cheyenne Nation is composed of two united tribes, the Só'taa'e (more commonly The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States.

However, on September 6, 1941, the U. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. Department of Public Welfare did grant old age assistance to a Jean Hickok Burkhardt McCormick (name of her 3rd husband), who claimed to be the legal offspring of Martha Jane Cannary and James Butler Hickok, after being presented with evidence that Calamity Jane and Wild Bill had married at Benson's Landing, Montana Territory, on September 25, 1873, documentation being written in a Bible and presumably signed by two reverends and numerous witnesses. James Butler Hickok ( May 27, 1837 &ndash August 2, 1876) better known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a figure in the American Old The Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The claim of Jean Hickok McCormick was later proved to be spurious by the Hickok family. (Rosa, Joseph- "They Called Him Wild Bill")[3] [4] [5] [6]

Jane also claimed that following Hickok's death, she went after Jack McCall, his murderer, with a meat cleaver, having left her guns at her residence in the excitement of the moment. Jack McCall (also known as "Crooked Nose" Jack) (born in 1852 or 1853 in Jefferson County, Kentucky &ndash died in Yankton, However, she never confronted McCall. Following McCall's eventual hanging for the offense, Jane continued living in the Deadwood area for some time, and at one point she did help save several passengers of an overland stagecoach by diverting several Plains Indians who were in pursuit of the stage. For other meanings see Stagecoach (disambiguation. A stagecoach (also called diligence) is a type of four-wheeled enclosed The stagecoach driver, John Slaughter, was killed during the pursuit, and Jane took over the reins and drove the stage on to its destination at Deadwood. [7] Also in late 1876, Jane nursed the victims of a smallpox epidemic in the Deadwood area. Smallpox is an Infectious disease unique to humans caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor.

Final years: 1881 – 1903

In 1881, she bought a farm close to Yellowstone Park where she kept an inn. After marrying the Texan, Clinton Burke, and moving to Boulder, she again tried her luck in this business. In Geology, a boulder is a rock with grain size of usually no less than 256 mm (10 Inches diameter In 1887, she had a daughter, Jane, who was given to foster parents.

In 1893, Calamity Jane started to appear in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show as a horse rider and a trick shooter. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26 1846 &ndash January 10 1917 was an American soldier bison hunter and Showman. Exhibition shooting or trick shooting is a sport in which a Marksman performs various feats of skill frequently using non-traditional targets She also participated in the Pan-American Exposition. The Pan-American Exposition was a World's Fair held in Buffalo New York, United States, from May 1 through November 2, 1901 At that time, she was depressed and alcoholic. In the fields of Psychology and Psychiatry, the terms depression or depressed refer to both expected and pathologically chronic or severe Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions

By the turn of the century, Madame Dora DuFran was still going strong when Jane returned to the Black Hills in 1903. Madam Dora DuFran or Dora Bolshaw ( November 16 1873 - August 5, 1934) was one of the leading and most successful Brothel operators For the next few months, Jane earned her keep by cooking and doing the laundry for Dora’s brothel girls in Belle Fourche. In July, she travelled to Terry, South Dakota. While staying in the Calloway Hotel on August 1, 1903, she developed pneumonia and died at the age of 51. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal In her belongings, a bundle of letters to her daughter were found, which she had never sent. Some of these letters were set to music in an art song cycle by 20th century composer Libby Larsen called Songs From Letters. Libby Larsen (born December 24, 1950) is a classical music composer who resides in Minneapolis Minnesota. There is no significant evidence to prove she was the actual author of these letters. She was buried at Mount Moriah Cemetery (South Dakota), next to Wild Bill Hickock. Mount Moriah Cemetery on Mount Moriah in Deadwood, Lawrence County, South Dakota is the burial place of Wild Bill Hickok, James Butler Hickok ( May 27, 1837 &ndash August 2, 1876) better known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a figure in the American Old

Autobiography

"Calamity Jane", as she would become known, lived a very colorful and eventful life but often claimed questionable associations or friendships with notable famous American Old West figures, almost always posthumously. For example, years after the death of Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer, she claimed that she served under him during her initial enlistment at Fort Russell, and that she also served under him during the Indian Campaigns in Arizona. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. However, no records exist to show that Cannary was assigned to Fort Russell, and she did not take an active part in the Arizona Indian Campaigns; she was tasked with subjugating the Plains Indians. The Plains Indians are the Indigenous peoples who live on the plains and rolling hills of the Great Plains of North America.

Major media appearances

References

  1. ^ Martha Jane "Calamity Jane" Cannary biography
  2. ^ Freeman, Lewis R. (1992). Down The Yellowstone. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.  
  3. ^ Who was Wild Bill Hickok?
  4. ^ Calamity Jane
  5. ^ Martha Jane "Calamity Jane" Cannary biography
  6. ^ Calamity Jane
  7. ^ Martha Jane "Calamity Jane" Cannary biography

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic