Yosef Bar Kayafa (Hebrew יוסף בַּר קַיָּפָא, joˑsef bar qayːɔfɔʔ) (which translates as Joseph, son of Caiaphas[1]), also known simply as Caiaphas (Greek Καϊάφας) in the New Testament, was the Roman-appointed Jewish high priest between 18 and 37 AD (CE). Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut This page gives one list (partly traditional of the High Priests of Ancient Israel up to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. According to some parts of the New Testament, Caiaphas is involved in the trial of Jesus after his arrest in the garden of Gethsemane. The Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus is an event reported by all the Canonical Gospels of the Bible. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) A garden is a planned space usually outdoors set aside for the display cultivation and enjoyment of Plants and other forms of Nature. Gethsemane ( Greek ΓεσΘημανι Gesthēmani ' Hebrew: גת שמנים, from Aramaic גת שמנא Gat Šmānê, lit
Because he was the high priest, Caiaphas was also chairman of the high court. Jesus of Nazareth was arrested by the Temple guard and a hearing was organized by Caiaphas and others in which Jesus was accused of blasphemy. Nazareth (ˈnæzərəθ (נָצְרַת Hebrew Natz'rat or Natzeret, الناصرة an-Nāṣira or an-Naseriyye) is the capital and largest A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites Blasphemy is the disrespectful use of the name of one or more gods. Jesus was handed over to Roman authorities who, under the Roman governor Pontius Pilate, eventually found him guilty of treason for claiming to be the Messiah (King of the Jews). The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. This article is about the concept of a Messiah in religion notably in the Christian Islamic and Jewish traditions
The Gospels of Matthew and John (though not those of Mark and Luke) mention Caiaphas in connection with the crucifixion of Jesus. This article is about the canonical books of the New Testament Luke (luːk is a common male Given name, and less commonly a surname and sometimes used as a shortened version of the Latin name Lucas. Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio, noun of process crucifixio, from perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross from
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In the New Testament
Matthew: trial of Jesus
In Matthew 26:57-26:67, Caiaphas, other chief priests, and the Sanhedrin are depicted interrogating Jesus. The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel The Sanhedrin (סנהדרין συνέδριον ''synedrion'', "sitting together" hence " assembly " or "council" was an assembly They are looking for "false evidence" with which to frame Jesus but are unable to find any. Jesus remains silent throughout the proceedings until Caiaphas demands that Jesus say whether he is the Christ. Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " Jesus implicitly declares he is the Christ and makes an allusion to the Son of Man coming on the clouds with power. Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " The phrase son of man is a primarily Semitic Idiom that originated in Ancient Mesopotamia, used to denote humanity or self Caiaphas and the other men charge him with blasphemy and order him beaten. Blasphemy is the disrespectful use of the name of one or more gods.
John: relations with Romans
In John 11, Caiaphas considers, with "the Chief Priests and Pharisees," what to do about Jesus, whose influence is spreading. The Gospel of John (literally According to John; Greek, Κατὰ Ἰωάννην Kata Iōannēn) is the fourth Gospel in the canon The concern is that if they "let him go on like this, everyone will believe in him, and the Romans will come and destroy both our holy place and our nation. " Caiaphas makes a political calculation, suggesting that it would be better for "one man" (Jesus) to die than for "the whole nation" to be destroyed.
In John 18, Jesus is brought before Annas and Caiaphas and questioned, with intermittent beatings. The Gospel of John (literally According to John; Greek, Κατὰ Ἰωάννην Kata Iōannēn) is the fourth Gospel in the canon Annas (also Ananus) son of Seth was a Jewish High Priest from AD 6 to 15 and remained an influential leader afterwards Afterward, the other priests (Caiaphas does not accompany them) take Jesus to Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea, and insist upon Jesus' execution. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Kingdom of Judea redirects here For the 10th-6th century BCE kingdom see Kingdom of Judah Iudaea ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Pilate tells the priests to judge Jesus themselves, to which they respond they lack authority to do so. Pilate questions Jesus, after which he states, "I find no basis for a charge against him. " Pilate then offers the Jews the choice of one prisoner to release — said to be a Passover tradition — and the Jews choose a terrorist named Barabbas instead of Jesus. Passover ( Hebrew, Yiddish: פֶּסַח Pesach, Tiberian: pɛsaħ Israeli: Pesah, Pesakh, Yiddish In the Christian narrative of the Passion of Jesus, Barabbas, according to some texts Jesus bar-Abbas, ( Aramaic
Political implications
For Jewish 'leaders' of the time, there were serious concerns about Roman rule and an insurgent Zealot movement to eject the Romans from Israel. They would have feared any religious reformer or leader who either denied their own legitimacy to rule or who suggested rebellion against the Roman occupation. The Romans would not perform execution over violations of Jewish law, and therefore the charge of blasphemy would not have mattered to Pilate. Caiaphas's legal position, therefore, was to establish that Jesus was guilty not only of blasphemy, but also of proclaiming himself the messiah, which was understood as the return of the Davidic king. This article is about the concept of a Messiah in religion notably in the Christian Islamic and Jewish traditions This would have been an act of sedition and prompted Roman execution. This is about the law term For other uses see Sedition (disambiguation Sedition is a term of Law which refers to covert conduct Pilate initially wished for Herod Antipas to deal with the matter, whereas the Sanhedrin would have wished for a Roman execution. Herod Antipas (short for Antipatros (before 20 BC &ndash after AD 39) was a first century AD ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title
Acts: Peter and John urged silence
Later, in Acts 4, Peter and John went before Annas and Caiaphas after having healed a crippled man. The Acts of the Apostles is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. Peter is a popular male Given name. It comes from the Greek word πετρος (petros meaning "rock" Saint John the Apostle ( Greek Ιωάννης, see Names of John) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Caiaphas and Annas questioned the apostles' authority to perform such a miracle. When Peter, full of the Holy Spirit, answered that Jesus of Nazareth was the source of their power, Caiaphas and the other priests realized that the two men had no formal education yet spoke eloquently about the man they called their savior. In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance Caiaphas sent the apostles away, and agreed with the other priests that the word of the miracle had already been spread too much to attempt to refute, and instead the priests would need to warn the apostles not to spread the name of Jesus. However, when they gave Peter and John this command, the two refused, saying "We cannot keep quiet. We must speak about what we have seen and heard. " (Acts 4:20 NCV)
Caiaphas in other sources
Caiaphas' term in office was recorded by the first-century Jewish historian Josephus. Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus He was appointed in 18 AD (CE) by the Roman procurator who preceded Pilate, Valerius Gratus. This page lists rulers of Judea and other related Jewish Kingdoms from the Maccabean Rebellion to the final Roman annexations Valerius Gratus was Roman Prefect or procurator of Judea under Tiberius, AD 15 - 26. [1]
In 1990, two miles south of present day Jerusalem, 12 ossuaries in the family tomb of a "Caiaphas" were discovered. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the An ossuary is a chest building well or site made to serve as the final resting place of human skeletal remains One ossuary was inscribed with the full name, in Aramaic of "Joseph, son of Caiaphas", and a second with simply the family name of "Caiaphas". Aramaic is a Semitic language with [1] After examination the bones were reburied on the Mount of Olives. The Mount of Olives (also Mount Olivet, جبل الزيتون الطور Jebel az-Zeitun הר הזיתים Har HaZeitim; is a mountain ridge in east
Etymology
The name Caiaphas has three possible origins:
- "as comely" in Aramaic
- a "rock" or "rock that hollows itself out" (Keipha) in Aramaic
- a "dell", or a "depression" in Chaldean
Notes
References
- Metzger, Bruce M. (ed); , Michael D. Coogan (ed) (1993). The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504645-5.
External links
| Preceded by Simon ben Camithus |
High Priest of Israel 18—36 |
Succeeded by Jonathan ben Ananus |
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