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"Carales" redirects here. For moth genus, see Carales (moth). A moth is an Insect closely related to the Butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Carales is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae.
Comune di Cagliari
Picture of Cagliari
Coat of arms of Comune di Cagliari
Municipal coat of arms

Location of Cagliari in Italy
Country Flag of Italy Italy
Region Sardinia
Province Cagliari (CA)
Mayor Emilio Floris (Forza Italia)
Elevation 4 m (13 ft)
Area 85. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune Cagliari ( Provincia di Cagliari; Sardinian: Provìntzia de Casteddu) is a province in the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Emilio Floris (born September 15, 1944 in Cagliari, Sardinia) is an Italian politician Forza Italia (Forward Italy FI is a Christian-democratic, liberal and liberal-conservative Italian political party led by Silvio 45 km² (33 sq mi)
Population (as of August 31, 2005)
 - Total 160,770
 - Density 1,881/km² (4,872/sq mi)
Time zone CET, UTC+1
Coordinates 39°14′47″N, 09°03′27″E
Gentilic Cagliaritani
Dialing code 070
Postal code 09100
Frazioni Pirri, Poetto, Giorgino
Patron St. Saturninus
 - Day October 30
Website: www.comune.cagliari.it

Cagliari (Sardinian: Casteddu) is the capital of the island of Sardinia, a region of Italy. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Here are a list of area codes in Italy. All numbers here begin with the country code (0039 A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative Saint Saturninus of Cagliari (San Saturnino Saturno is venerated as the Patron saint of Cagliari. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Sardinian ( Sardu, Saldu) is after Italian the main language spoken in the island of Sardinia, Italy, remarkable for being the most conservative Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Cagliari's Sardinian name Casteddu literally means the castle. It has about 160,000 inhabitants, or about 500,000 including the suburbs (metropolitan area): Elmas, Assemini, Capoterra, Selargius, Sestu, Monserrato, Quartucciu, Quartu Sant'Elena. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Elmas is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about 8 km northwest Assemini (Assèmini is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 12 km Capoterra (Cabuderra is a town and Comune in the Province of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. Selargius (Ceraxius is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 6 km Sestu is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 10 km North of Cagliari Monserrato is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 5 km northeast Quartucciu is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 8 km northeast Quartu Sant'Elena (Cuartu Santa Alèni is a city in the Province of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

Contents

History

Early history

Cagliari has been inhabited since prehistoric times. It occupies a favourable position between the sea and a fertile plain, and is surrounded by two swamps (which afforded defences from enemies from inner lands) and is close to high and green mountains (to which people could evacuate if everything else was lost). A swamp is a Wetland featuring temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water Some testimonies of prehistoric inhabitants were found in Monte Claro and in Cape Sant'Elia.

Under the name of Karalis it was established around the 7th century BC as one of a string of Phoenician trading colonies in Sardinia, including Sulcis, Nora, and Tharros, that were founded from Tyre. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) Sulcis is the southwestern region of Sardinia, part of the larger Sulcis-Iglesiente region Nora is an ancient Roman and pre-Roman town placed on a peninsula near Pula, near to Cagliari in Sardinia. For the ancient city in Crete see Tarra Crete. Tharros (also spelled Tharras, Greek:, Ptol Tyre ( Arabic صور Ṣūr, Phoenician Phoenician wawsvg|12px|ו]] Ṣur, Hebrew Its foundation is expressly assigned to the Carthaginians (Paus. x. Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers Pausanias ( Greek:) was a Greek traveller and Geographer of the 2nd century CE, who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus 17. § 9; Claudian, B. Claudian (lat Claudius Claudianus) was a court Poet to the Emperor Honorius and Stilicho. Gild. 520); and from its opportune situation for communication with Africa as well as its excellent port, it doubtless assumed under their government the same important position it occupied under the Romans. It passed with the rest of the island first sothhe ther utyr they. No mention of it is found on the occasion of the Roman conquest of the island; but during the Second Punic War, it was the headquarters of the praetor, T. The Second Punic War (referred to as "The War Against Hannibal" by the Romans lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western Manlius, from whence he carried on his operations against Hampsicora and the Carthaginians (Livy xxiii. Titus Livius (traditionally 59 BC &ndash AD 17 known as Livy in English, was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome 40, 41), and appears on other occasions also as the chief naval station of the Romans in the island, and the residence of the praetor (Id. xxx. 39).

Cagliari City Hall.
Cagliari City Hall.
Panorama of "Stampace", old district.
Panorama of "Stampace", old district.

Florus calls it the urbs urbinum, or capital of Sardinia, and represents it as taken and severely punished by Gracchus (ii. Florus, Roman Historian, lived in the time of Trajan and Hadrian. The Gracchi brothers were a pair of tribunes in 2nd century BC who attempted to pass Land reform legislation in Ancient Rome that would redistribute the major patrician 6. § 35), but this statement is wholly at variance with the account given by Livy, of the wars of Gracchus, in Sardinia, according to which the cities were faithful to Rome, and the revolt was confined to the mountain tribes (xli. 6, 12, 17). In the Civil War between Caesar and Pompey, the citizens of Caralis were the first to declare in favor of the former, an example soon followed by the other cities of Sardinia (Caes. The Roman civil war of 49 BC sometimes called Caesar's Civil War, is one of the last conflicts within the Roman Republic. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation B. C. i. 30); and Caesar himself touched there with his fleet on his return from Africa. (Hirt. B. Afr. 98. ) A few years later, when Sardinia fell into the hands of Menas, the lieutenant of Sextus Pompeius, Caralis was the only city which offered any resistance, but was taken after a short siege. (Dion Cass. xlviii. Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus ( Greek:) (c 155 or 163/164 to after 229 known in English as Cassius Dio, Dio Cassius, or Dio was 30. )

No mention of it occurs in history under the Roman Empire, but it continued to be regarded as the capital of the island, and though it did not become a colony, its inhabitants obtained the rights of Roman citizens. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial (Plin. iii. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author 7. s. 13; Strabo v. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. p. 224; Mela, ii. Pomponius Mela, who wrote around AD 43, was the earliest Roman Geographer. 7; Itin. Ant. pp. The Antonine Itinerary (in Latin: Antonini Itinerarium) is a register of the stations and distances along the various roads of the Roman empire, containing 80, 81, 82, etc. ) After the fall of the Western Empire it fell, together with the rest of Sardinia, into the hands of the Vandals, but appears to have retained its importance throughout the Middle Ages.

Claudian describes the ancient city as extending to a considerable length towards the promontory or headland, the projection of which sheltered its port: the latter affords good anchorage for large vessels; but besides this, which is only a well-sheltered road-stead, there is adjoining the city a large salt-water lake, or lagoon, called the Stagno di Cagliari, communicating by a narrow channel with the bay, which appears from Claudian to have been used in ancient times as an inner harbor or basin. The Stagno di Santa Gilla or Stagno di Cagliari (" Cagliari 's Pond" is a Lagoon complex and Wetland near Cagliari on the Golfo (Claud. B. Gild. 520-24. ) The promontory adjoining the city is evidently that noticed by Ptolemy (Κάραλις πόλις καὶ ἄκρα), but the Caralitanum Promontorium of Pliny can be no other than the headland, now called Capo Carbonara, which forms the eastern boundary of the Gulf of Cagliari, and the southeast point of the whole island. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author The Golfo degli Angeli ("Gulf of the Angels" also known as Golfo di Cagliari ("Gulf of Cagliari" is a large bay in southern Sardinia, Italy Immediately off it lay the little island of Ficaria (Plin. l. c. ; Ptol. iii. 3. § 8), now called the Isola dei Cavoli.

Giudicato of Cagliari

Main article: Giudicato of Cagliari
Darsena, skyline.
Darsena, skyline. The Giudicato of Cagliari was one of the four Sardinian Giudicati of the Middle Ages.

Subsequently ruled in turn by the Vandals and the Byzantine Empire, Cagliari became the eponymous capital of an independent kingdom or giudicato, ruled by a giudice or judike (literally "judge"). However, there is some evidence that during this period of independence from external rule, the city was deserted because it was too exposed to attacks by Moorish pirates from the sea. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering Apparently many people left Cagliari and founded a new town (named Santa Igia) in an area close to the Santa Gilla swamp on the west of Cagliari, but distant from the sea. The giudicato of Cagliari comprised a large area of the Campidano plain, the mineral resources of the Sulcis region and the mountain region of Ogliastra. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak Ogliastra (Provincia dell'Ogliastra Provìntzia de s'Ogiastra is a province in eastern Sardinia, Italy. There were other three independent and autonomous giudicati in Sardinia: Logudoro (or Torres) in the northwest, Gallura in the northeast, and in the east the most famous, the long-lived Giudicato of Arborea, with Oristano as its capital. The giudicati (singular giudicato) were the indigenous kingdoms of Sardinia from about 900 until 1410 when the last fell to the Aragonese The Giudicato of Logudoro (also known as the Giudicato of Torres after Porto Torres) is a historical state which covered the northwest portion The Giudicato of Gallura was one of four Sardinian Giudicati of the Middle Ages. The Giudicato of Arborea was one of the four independent hereditary "judicatures" ( Giudicati) into which the island of Sardinia was Oristano (Aristanis is a town and commune in Sardinia, Italy, the capital of the Province of Oristano.

11th century

Via Roma
Via Roma

During the 11th century, the Pisan republic which had previously seized the Sulcis region in the south east, conquered the Giudicato of Cagliari and re-built the town itself. Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. Pisa was one of the four Italian "maritime republics" that during the Middle Ages fought for control of the Mediterranean Sea and its commercial routes. The other maritime republics were the short-lived Duchy of Amalfi, Genoa, and Venice. The it '''Repubbliche Marinare''' ( Italian for " Maritime Republics " is the collective name of a number of important City-states which flourished in Republic or Duchy of Amalfi was a de facto independent state centred on the south Italian city of the same name during the tenth and eleventh Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Pisa and Genoa had a keen interest in Sardinia because it was a perfect strategic base for controlling the commercial routes between Italy and North Africa. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan

Some of the fortifications that still surround the current district of Castello (Casteddu 'e susu in the Sardinian language) were built by the Pisans, most notably the two remaining white limestone towers designed by architect Giovanni Capula (originally there were three towers that guarded the three gates that gave access to the district). Together with the district of Castello, Cagliari comprised the districts of Marina (which included the port), Stampace and Villanova. For other uses of this word see Marina (disambiguation. A marina is a sheltered Harbor where Boats and Yachts Marina and Stampace were guarded by walls, while Villanova, which mainly hosted peasants, was not.

In 1089, Constantine Salusio de Lacon appeared with the title of rex et iudex Caralitanus ("King and Judge of Cagliari"). Constantine I was the Giudice of Cagliari. He was the son of the giudice Orzocco Torchitorio and giudicessa Vera

Roman Amphitheatre.
Roman Amphitheatre.

14th century

During the 14th century the kingdom of Aragon conquered Cagliari after a battle against the Pisans and advanced its plan to conquer all of Sardinia. When Sardinia was finally conquered by Aragon, Cagliari (during the Catalan domination the city was called Càller), became the administrative capital of the vice-kingdom of Sardinia, which later came under the rule of the Spanish empire. Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain. The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries Many agree that the Spanish domination was a period of decadence for Cagliari and Sardinia.

Bastion of Saint Remy.
Bastion of Saint Remy.

18th century

During the 18th century, after a brief rule of the Austrian Habsburgs, Cagliari and Sardinia came under the House of Savoy in 1720. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region As ruler of Sardinia, the Savoys took the title of kings of the Sardinian kingdom. The Sardinian kingdom comprised Savoy and Nice (currently in France), Piedmont and Liguria, as well as Sardinia. Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions Although Sardinian by name, the kingdom had its capital in Turin, in mainland Italy, where the Savoys resided. The parliament was also in Turin and its members were mainly aristocrats from Piedmont or the mainland. Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy.

By the end of the 18th century, after the French Revolution, France tried to conquer Cagliari because of its strategic role in the Mediterranean sea. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an A French army landed in the Poetto beach and moved towards Cagliari, but the French were defeated by Sardinians who decided to defend themselves against the revolutionary army. People from Cagliari hoped to receive some concession from the Savoys in return for their defending the town: for example, aristocrats from Cagliari asked for a Sardinian representative in the parliament of the kingdom. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A  parliament is a Legislature, especially in those When the Savoys refused any concession to the Sardinians, inhabitants of Cagliari rose up against the Savoys and expelled all representatives of the kingdom and people from Piedmont. This insurgence is celebrated in Cagliari during the "Die de sa Sardigna" (Sardinian Day) on the last weekend of April. However the Savoys regained control of the town after a brief period of autonomous rule. An autonomous area is an area of a Country that has a degree of Autonomy, or freedom from an external authority

Panorama of "Villanova" district
Panorama of "Villanova" district

Modern age

From the 1870s, with the unification of Italy, the city experienced a century of rapid growth. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian Many outstanding buildings were erected by the end of the 18th century during the office of Mayor Ottone Bacaredda. In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made Many of these buildings combined influences from Art Nouveau together with the traditional Sardinian taste for flower decoration: an example is the white marble City Hall near the port. Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or Ottone Bacaredda is also famous for the violent repression of one of the earlier worker strikes in the beginning of the 20th century.

Zone East of Cagliari port.
Zone East of Cagliari port.

During World War II Cagliari was heavily bombed by the Allies in February 1943. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In order to escape from the bombardments and the misery of the destroyed town, many people left Cagliari and moved to the country or rural villages, often living with friends and relatives in overcrowded houses. A bombardment is an attack by Artillery fire directed against Fortifications, troops or towns and buildings This flight from the town is known as "sfollamento" (deserting).

After the Italian armistice with the Allies in September 1943, the German Army took control of Cagliari and the island, but soon retreated peacefully in order to reinforce their positions in mainland Italy. The Armistice with Italy was an Armistice signed on September 3 and publicly declared on September 8, 1943, during World War II, between In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Wehrmacht (literally "defense force" was the name of the unified Armed forces of Germany from 1935 to 1945 The American Army then took control of Cagliari. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Cagliari was strategically important during the war because of its location in the Mediterranean Sea. Many airports were near Cagliari (Elmas, Monserrato, Decimomannu, currently a NATO airbase) from which airplanes could fly to Northern Africa or mainland Italy and Sicily. Elmas is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about 8 km northwest Monserrato is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 5 km northeast Decimomannu is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 17 km northwest The North Atlantic Treaty Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy.

After the war, the population of Cagliari rebounded and many apartment blocks were erected in new residential districts, often created with poor planning as for recreational areas.

Panorama of "Fonsarda" district
Panorama of "Fonsarda" district

Projects for the future

In the last years a great urban development was started in Cagliari. New projects include the new Betile museum for Nuragic and modern art, designed by the Prizker Award winner Zaha Hadid: it will rise on the Sant'Elia promenade. The Nuragic and Contemporary Art Museum, also known as " Betile " is a planned museum in Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, designed by Zaha Hadid (زها حديد CBE (born October 31 1950 Baghdad, Iraq) is a notable British Iraqi deconstructivist Architect Another already started project is the Cagliari metro: the first line is already running from Piazza Repubblica to Monserrato, one of Cagliari suburbs, and will be soon connected to University campus; works for other lines to all the city suburbs and the airport will be soon started. The promenade from the old harbour to Sant'Elia will be totally restored. The old port in Via Roma, now to be used only as tourist and cruise port (where the cruise terminal is already finished), will be closed to ferry-boats, which will be moved to the new port in “porto canale”. All Sant'elia district will be changed, the old ruined palaces will be demolished and a new disctrict designed by Rem Koolhaas will rise. Remment Lucas Koolhaas, 'rɛm 'kɔːlhas (born) is a Dutch Architect, architectural theorist, Urbanist and "Professor in Practice of Architecture Also the Stadium will be demolished and rebuilt as a new stadium, with 25,000 covered seats, usable for concerts and events too. On the promenade will also rise a great amphitheatre (20,000 seats) for concerts, as well as an aquarium where now is the old salt production plant. Other projects include the new district near the Santa Gilla pond (Piazza Santa Gilla), a luxurious beauty-center on the Poetto beach, where now is the old abandoned “Marino” hospital, the new university campus, designed by Paulo Mendes da Rocha, and the new “Parco della musica”, a great park with an amphitheatre and fountains, channels and water-games, between T-hotel and the Civic Theatre; the latter will be finished by the end of the year, while the other works will be finished by 2010-2011. Paulo Mendes da Rocha (born October 25, 1928 in Vitória) is a Brazilian Architect.

Main sights

Cagliari Cathedral.
Cagliari Cathedral.

The old part of the city (called Castello, the castle) lies on top of a hill, with a wonderful view of the Gulf of Cagliari (also known as Angels Gulf). Most of its city walls are intact, and feature the two 13th century white lime-stone towers, St. Pancras Tower and the Elephant Tower. The local white lime-stone was also used to build the walls of the city and many buildings. D. H. Lawrence, in his lively memoir of a voyage to Sardinia, Sea and Sardinia, undertaken in January 1921, described the effect of the warm Mediterranean sun-light on the white lime-stone city and compared Cagliari to a "white Jerusalem". David Herbert Richards Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930 was an English writer of the 20th century whose prolific and diverse output included Novels short Sea and Sardinia is a travel book by the English writer D H Lawrence.

In the Cathedral: a marble lion destroys a serpent, 12th century.
In the Cathedral: a marble lion destroys a serpent, 12th century.
Bonaria.
Bonaria.

The Cathedral was restored in the 1930s turning the former Baroque façade into a Medieval Pisan style façade, more akin to the original appearance of the church. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The bell tower is original. The interior has a nave and two aisles, with a pulpit (1159-1162)[1] sculpted for the Cathedral of Pisa but later donated to Cagliari. The Piazza del Duomo ("Cathedral Square" is a wide walled area at the heart of the city of Pisa, Tuscany The crypt houses the remains of martyrs found in the Basilica of San Saturno (see below). Near the Cathedral is the palace of the Provincial Government (which used to be the island's governor's palace before 1900). Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar In Castello is also the Sardinian Archaeological Museum, the biggest and most important regarding the prehistoric Nuragic civilisation of Sardinia. Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" The history of Sardinia begins with its human settlement some hundreds of thousands of years ago Finally, Castello hosts many craftsmen workshops in its tightened and scenic lanes.

The Basilica di San Saturnino is one of the most important Palaeo-Christian monuments in Sardinia. Dedicated to the martyr killed under Diocletian's reign, Saturninus of Cagliari (patron saint of the city), it was built in the 5th century. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Saint Saturninus of Cagliari (San Saturnino Saturno is venerated as the Patron saint of Cagliari. Of the original building the central part remain and the dome, to which two armes (one with a nave and two aisles) was added. A Palaeo-Christian crypt is also under the church of San Lucifero (1660), dedicated to Saint Lucifer, a bishop of the city. This is an article about a Catholic saint For belief systems which are concerned with the biblical Lucifer see Luciferianism. This has a Baroque façade with ancient columns and sculpted parts, some of which found in the nearby necropolis. A necropolis (plural necropoleis or necropoles) is a large Cemetery or burial place (from Greek nekropolis "city of the dead"

The Chiesa della Purissima is a church from the 16th century.

The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Bonaria was built by the Aragonese in 1324-1329 during the siege to the Castle in which the Pisan had took shelter. It has a small Gothic portal in the façade and in the interior houses a wooden statue of the Madonna, which was thrown off by a Spanish ship and landed at the feet of the Bonaria hill. The cloister of the convent is home to the Marinery Museum.

The other early districts of the town (Marina, Stampace, Villanova) retain much of their original appeal and still seem to function as distinct villages within the town.

Considerable other remains of the ancient city are still visible at Cagliari, the most striking of which are those of the Roman Amphitheatre, carved into a block of rock (the typical lime-stone on which Cagliari is built), and of an aqueduct; the latter a most important acquisition to the city, where fresh water is scarce. There exist also ancient cisterns of vast extent: the ruins of a small circular temple, and numerous sepulchres on a hill outside the modern town, which appears to have formed the necropolis of the ancient city. (Smyth's Sardinia, pp. 206, 215; Valery, Voyage en Sardaigne, c. 57. ) The Amphitheatre still stages open-air operas and concerts during the summer. Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days

The districts built in the 1930s spot some nice examples of Art Deco architecture and some controversial examples of Fascist neoclassicism, such as the Justice Court (Palazzo di Giustizia) in the Republic Square. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and The Justice Court is close to the biggest town park, Monte Urpinu, with its pine trees and artificial lakes. The park includes a vast area of a hill. The Orto Botanico dell'Università di Cagliari, the city's botanical garden, is also of interest. The Orto Botanico dell'Università di Cagliari (5 hectares also known as the Orto Botanico di Cagliari, is a Botanical garden operated by the University of Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes

Cagliari has one of the longest beaches in an Italian town. The Poetto beach stretches for 13 km and was famous for its white fine-grained sand. A recent controversial intervention to save the beach from erosion has slightly altered the original texture of the sand.

Economy

Cagliari has one of the largest fish markets in all of Italy with a vast array of fish for sale to both the public and trade. It's the main commercial and industrial center of the island, with many major Italian factories within its provincial boundaries, the great communications provider Tiscali has its headquarter in town, and one of the biggest container terminals of the Mediterranean sea. Tourism is also one of the main economical intakes of the city.

Transport

Sport

Cagliari is home to the football team Cagliari Calcio, winner of the Italian league championship in 1970, with the team led by one of the greatest Italian strikers of all times, Gigi Riva. Cagliari Calcio is an Italian football club based in Cagliari, Sardinia. Luigi Riva (born November 7, 1944) best known as Gigi Riva or by his nickname Rombo di Tuono (Thunder is a former Italian Cagliari is an ideal location for water sports such as surfing, kitesurfing, windsurfing and sailing due to strong and reliable favourable winds. Surfing is a surface water sport in which the participant is carried along the face of a breaking wave, most commonly using a Surfboard, although wave-riders Kitesurfing, kiteboarding, uses wind power to pull a rider through the water on a small Surfboard or a kiteboard (which is like a Wakeboard) Windsurfing is a surface water sport using a windsurf board also commonly called a sailboard usually two to five meters long and powered by a single sail Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force Hiking is also popular. The word 'hiking' is understood in all English-speaking countries but there are differences in usage

Sport plans

Sport plans in Cagliari:

Climate

Weather averages for Cagliari, Sardinia
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 86 (30) 81 (27) 88 (31) 92 (33) 95 (35) 102 (39) 110 (43) 106 (41) 102 (39) 95 (35) 90 (32) 86 (30) 110 (43)
Average high °F (°C) 65 (18) 66 (18) 68 (20) 72 (22) 75 (24) 82 (28) 87 (30) 86 (30) 82 (28) 75 (24) 73 (22) 68 (20) 75 (24)
Average low °F (°C) 48 (9) 50 (10) 50 (11) 54 (12) 57 (14) 64 (18) 68 (20) 70 (21) 65 (18) 59 (15) 54 (12) 50 (10) 57 (14)
Record low °F (°C) 28 (-2) 32 (0) 38 (3) 41 (5) 43 (6) 52 (11) 59 (15) 59 (15) 52 (11) 39 (4) 38 (3) 32 (0) 28 (-2)
Precipitation inches (cm) 1. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 8 (5) 2. 2 (6) 1. 7 (4) 1. 5 (4) 0. 9 (2) 0. 4 (1) 0. 1 (0) 0. 4 (1) 1. 2 (3) 2. 2 (6) 2. 2 (6) 2. 2 (5) 16. 8 (43)
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Cagliari has a Mediterranean Climate, with hot and dry summers and very mild winter. Its climate is comparable to the South-Californian one, but it is often refreshed by north-westerly winds. It is close to other beautiful sea-side locations, such as Maddalena Beach, Chia or Villasimius, still relatively unspoilt by tourism and is also close to mountain parks, such as Monte Arcosu or Maidopis, with large forests and wildlife (Sardinian deers, wild boars, etc. ).

Culture

Cagliari has some peculiar gastronomic traditions. Many dishes are based on the wide variety of fish and sea food available, for example, burrida. Although it is possible to trace influences from Spanish cuisine, Cagliaritanian food has a distinctive and unique character. Very good wines are also part of Cagliaritanians' dinners: excellent wines are in fact produced in the nearby vineyards of the Campidano plain. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice

Life in Cagliari has been vividly depicted by Sergio Atzeni, who set many of his novels and short stories, such as Bakunin's Son, in ancient and modern Cagliari. Sergio Atzeni (1952 - 1995 was a Sardinian writer in Italian.

A church in Cagliari gives its name to Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern The Spaniard who founded Buenos Aires visited the church of Bonaria (fair winds) and asked for help from the Mary of Bonaria, to whom the church is dedicated. The church faces the sea and was allegedly built where a sailor landed after the Mary of Bonaria appeared in the midst of a tempest and saved the sailor and his ship from sinking.

It is the seat of the Archdiocese of Cagliari.

Nightlife

Cagliari is a tourist city, and especially in summer a lot of clubs and pubs are goals for youth and tourists, pubs and night-clubs are concentrated in the Corso Vittorio Emanuele, a central street in Marina district, near to the port and Castello district, as for clubs they are mostly on the Poetto beach, or in Viale Marconi. Very famous are clubs outside the city, just like "Tsunami" in Santa Margherita di Pula, and "Peyote" in Villasimius. Villasimius is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 35 km east of

Consulates

Consulates located in Cagliari:

Sister cities

References

Notes

External links

Dictionary

Cagliari

-proper noun

  1. Province of Sardinia, Italy.
  2. Capital and port of Cagliari and also the capital of Sardinia.
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