| Cable stayed bridge | |
|---|---|
 |
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| The Rio-Antirio bridge in Greece | |
| Ancestor: | Suspension bridge |
| Related: | None |
| Descendant: | Side-spar cable-stayed bridge, Self-anchored suspension bridge, cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge |
| Carries: | Pedestrians, automobiles, trucks, light rail |
| Span range: | Medium |
| Material: | Steel rope, post-tensioned concrete box girders, steel or concrete pylons |
| Movable: | No |
| Design effort: | medium |
| Falsework required: | Normally none |
A cable-stayed bridge is a bridge that consists of one or more columns (normally referred to as towers or pylons), with cables supporting the bridge deck. A Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία This article is concerned with a particular type of suspension bridge the suspended-deck type A side-spar cable-stayed bridge may be an otherwise conventional cable-stayed Bridge but its cable support does not span the roadway, rather being This article is concerned with a particular type of suspension bridge the self-anchored type A cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge is a modern variation of the Cable-stayed bridge. A pedestrian is a person travelling on foot whether Walking or Running. This article is about the semi-truck For the North American use of the word see Pickup truck. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. Wire rope consists of several strands laid (or 'twisted' together like a helix Prestressed concrete is a method for overcoming the Concrete 's natural weakness in tension. A girder is a support beam used in Construction. Girders often have an I beam cross section for strength but may also have a box shape Z shape Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Concrete is a construction material composed of Cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as Fly ash and Slag Falsework consists of temporary structures used in Construction to support spanning or arched structures in order to hold the component in place until its construction is sufficiently A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water A column in Structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural A cable is one or more Wires or Optical fibers bound together typically in a common protective jacket or sheath
There are two major classes of cable-stayed bridges: In a harp design, the cables are made nearly parallel by attaching cables to various points on the tower(s) so that the height of attachment of each cable on the tower is similar to the distance from the tower along the roadway to its lower attachment. In a fan design, the cables all connect to or pass over the top of the tower(s).
The cable-stay design is the optimum bridge for a span length between that of cantilever bridges and suspension bridges. A cantilever bridge is a Bridge built using Cantilevers structures that project horizontally into space supported on only one end This article is concerned with a particular type of suspension bridge the suspended-deck type Within this range of span lengths a suspension bridge would require a great deal more cable, while a full cantilever bridge would require considerably more material and be substantially heavier. Of course, such assertions are not absolute for all cases.
Contents |
History of development
Cable-stayed bridges can be dated back to the 1784 design of a timber bridge by German carpenter C. Year 1784 ( MDCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year T. Loescher. Many early suspension bridges were of hybrid suspension and cable-stayed construction, including the 1817 footbridge at Dryburgh Abbey, and the later Albert Bridge (1872) and Brooklyn Bridge (1883). Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Dryburgh Suspension Bridge, near Dryburgh Abbey, Borders, Scotland, is a 19th century Suspension bridge between the villages of Dryburgh The Albert Bridge is a road bridge spanning the River Thames between Chelsea and Battersea in London, England, named in Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Brooklyn Bridge, one of the oldest Suspension bridges in the United States, stretches 5989 feet (1825 m over the East River connecting the Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Their designers found that the combination of technologies created a stiffer bridge, and John A. Roebling took particular advantage of this to limit deformations due to railway loads in the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge. John Augustus Roebling (born Johann August Röbling, June 12, 1806 in Mühlhausen - July 22, 1869) was a German-born The Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge was the world's first working railway Suspension bridge.
The earliest known example of a true cable-stayed bridge in the United States is E. E. Runyon's extant steel (or perhaps iron) bridge with wooden stringers and decking in Bluff Dale, Texas (1890). Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [1] In the twentieth century, early examples of cable-stayed bridges included A. Gisclard's unusual Cassagnes bridge (1899), where the horizontal part of the cable forces is balanced by a separate horizontal tie cable, preventing significant compression in the deck, and G. Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Leinekugel le Coq's bridge at Lezardrieux in Brittany (1924). Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Eduardo Torroja designed a cable-stayed aqueduct at Tempul in 1926. Eduardo Torroja y Miret, (1899-1961 Spanish Structural engineer and Architect, pioneer in the design of Concrete - shell structures [2] Albert Caquot's 1952 concrete-decked cable-stayed bridge over the Donzére-Mondragon canal at Pierrelatte is one of the first of the modern type, but had little influence on later development. Albert Caquot ( Vouziers, July 1 1881 - Paris, November 28 1976 was considered as the "best living French engineer" during half a century Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pierrelatte is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France. [2] The steel-decked bridge designed at Strömsund by Franz Dischinger (1955) is therefore more often cited as the first modern cable-stayed bridge. Strömsund is a town (pop 3500 in Jämtland, Sweden and the seat of Strömsund Municipality, Jämtland County. Franz Dischinger (8 October 1887 - 9 January 1953 was a pioneering German civil and Structural engineer, responsible for the development of the modern Cable-stayed Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar)
Other key pioneers included Fabrizio de Miranda, Riccardo Morandi and Fritz Leonhardt. Riccardo Morandi (1 September 1902 - 25 December 1989 was an Italian Civil engineer best known for his interesting use of Reinforced concrete. Fritz Leonhardt ( July 12 1909 - December 30 1999) was a German Structural engineer who made major contributions to 20th century Early bridges from this period used very few stay cables, as in the Theodor Heuss Bridge (1958). The Theodor Heuss Bridge also known as the Nordbrücke (North bridge is a Cable-stayed bridge over the Rhine River in Düsseldorf built Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, this involves substantial erection costs, and more modern structures tend to use many more cables to ensure greater economy.
Comparison with suspension bridge
A multiple-tower cable-stayed bridge may appear similar to a suspension bridge, but in fact is very different in principle and in the method of construction. The Skybridge is a Cable-stayed bridge in Greater Vancouver Regional District, British Columbia, Canada. This article is concerned with a particular type of suspension bridge the suspended-deck type In the suspension bridge, a large cable is made up by "spinning" small diameter wires between two towers, and at each end to anchorages into the ground or to a massive structure. These cables form the primary load-bearing structure for the bridge deck. Before the deck is installed, the cables are under tension from only their own weight. In Physics String Tension is the magnitude of the pulling force exerted by a string cable chain or similar object on another object Smaller cables or rods are then suspended from the main cable, and used to support the load of the bridge deck, which is lifted in sections and attached to the suspender cables. As this is done the tension in the cables increases, as it does with the live load of vehicles or persons crossing the bridge. Dead and Live loads are terms used in mechanical and Structural engineering, especially where analysis of real world objects is required The tension on the cables must be transferred to the earth by the anchorages, which are sometimes difficult to construct due to poor soil conditions.
 Suspension bridge |
 Cable-stayed bridge, fan design |
 Cable-stayed bridge, harp design |
In the cable-stayed bridge, the towers form the primary load-bearing structure. The Rama VIII Bridge in Bangkok Thailand, officially opened on September 20, 2002. A cantilever approach is often used for support of the bridge deck near the towers, but areas further from them are supported by cables running directly to the towers. This has the disadvantage, compared to the suspension bridge, that the cables pull to the sides as opposed to directly up, requiring the bridge deck to be stronger to resist the resulting horizontal compression loads; but has the advantage of not requiring firm anchorages to resist a horizontal pull of the cables, as in the suspension bridge. Physical compression is the result of the subjection of a material to Compressive stress, resulting in reduction of Volume. All static horizontal forces are balanced so that the supporting tower does not tend to tilt or slide, needing only to resist such forces from the live loads.
Key advantages of the cable-stayed form are as follows:
- much greater stiffness than the suspension bridge, so that deformations of the deck under live loads are reduced
- can be constructed by cantilevering out from the tower - the cables act both as temporary and permanent supports to the bridge deck
- for a symmetrical bridge (i. e. spans on either side of the tower are the same), the horizontal forces balance and large ground anchorages are not required
A further advantage of the cable-stayed bridge is that any number of towers may be used. Span is a section between two intermediate supports eg of a beam or a Bridge. This bridge form can be as easily built with a single tower, as with a pair of towers. However, a suspension bridge is usually built only with a pair of towers.
Variations
Side-spar cable-stayed bridge
A side-spar cable-stayed bridge uses a central tower supported on only one side. Puente de la Unidad or Viaducto de la Unidad is a Cable-stayed bridge designed by Óscar Bulnes that crosses the Santa Catarina River and connects San Pedro Garza García, commonly referred to as either San Pedro or Garza García, is a city and a municipality of the This article is about the Mexican city for other uses see Monterrey (disambiguation. The Sundial Bridge is a cantilever spar cable-stayed Bridge that spans the Sacramento River in Redding California. A side-spar cable-stayed bridge may be an otherwise conventional cable-stayed Bridge but its cable support does not span the roadway, rather being The example shown in that article is not significantly different in structure from a conventional cable-stayed bridge, although this concept could allow the construction of a curved bridge.
Cantilever-spar cable-stayed bridge
Far more radical in its structure, the Redding, California Sundial Bridge is a pedestrian bridge that uses a single cantilever spar on one side of the span, with cables on one side only to support the bridge deck. Redding is a city in Northern California. It is the County seat of Shasta County California, USA The Sundial Bridge is a cantilever spar cable-stayed Bridge that spans the Sacramento River in Redding California. A cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge is a modern variation of the Cable-stayed bridge. Unlike the other cable stayed types shown this bridge exerts considerable overturning force upon its foundation and the spar must resist the bending caused by the cables, as the cable forces are not balanced by opposing cables. The spar of this particular bridge forms the gnomon of a large garden sundial. The gnomon is the part of a Sundial that casts the Shadow. Gnomon (γνώμων is an Ancient Greek word meaning "indicator" "one who A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. Related bridges by the architect Santiago Calatrava include the Puente del Alamillo and Puente de la Mujer
Multiple span cable-stayed bridge
Cable-stayed bridges with more than three spans involve significantly more challenging design than do 2-span or 3-span structures.
In a 2-span or 3-span cable-stay bridge, the loads from the main spans are normally anchored back to near the end abutments by stays in the end spans. An abutment is an end support of a Bridge Superstructure. Abutments are used for the following purposes to transmit the reaction of For more spans, this isn't the case, and the bridge structure is less stiff overall. This can create difficulties both in the design of the deck and the pylons. Examples of multiple span structures where this is the case include Ting Kau Bridge, where additional 'cross-bracing' stays are used to stabilise the pylons; Millau Viaduct and Mezcala Bridge, where twin-legged towers are used; and General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge, where very stiff multi-legged frame towers were adopted. Ting Kau Bridge ( is a 1177 m long Cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong that spans from the northwest of Tsing Yi Island and Tuen Mun Road The Millau Viaduct (le Viaduc de Millau) is a large cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the River Tarn near Millau The Mezcala bridge, completed in 1987, is located on the Mexico City – Acapulco highway crossing the Mezcala river close to the Western Pacific The General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge is located at the outlet Lake Maracaibo, in western Venezuela. A similar situation with a suspension bridge is found at both the Great Seto Bridge and San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge where additional anchorage piers are required after every set of three suspension spans - this solution can also be adopted for cable-stayed bridges. The, or Seto-Ohashi Bridge, is a series of double deck Bridges connecting Okayama and Kagawa prefectures in Japan across a series of five small [3]
Extradosed bridge
The extradosed bridge is a cable-stayed bridge but with a more substantial bridge deck that being stiffer and stronger allows the cables to be omitted close to the tower and for the towers to be lower in proportion to the span. An extradosed bridge employs a structure that is frequently described as a cross between a Girder bridge and a Cable-stayed bridge.
Cable-stayed cradle system bridge
A cradle system carries the strands within the stays from bridge deck to bridge deck, as a continuous element, eliminating anchorages in the pylons. Each epoxy-coated steel strand is carried inside the cradle in a one-inch steel tube. Each strand acts independently, allowing for removal, inspection and replacement of individual strands. The first two such bridges are the Veterans' Glass City Skyway, completed 2007, and the Penobscot Narrows Bridge, completed 2006. The Veterans' Glass City Skyway, formerly known as the Maumee River Crossing, is a Cable-stayed bridge on Interstate 280 in Toledo, Ohio The Penobscot Narrows Bridge is a cable-stayed Bridge over the Penobscot River near Bucksport, Maine. [4]
Related bridge types
Self anchored suspension bridge
A self-anchored suspension bridge has some similarity in principle to the cable stayed type in that tension forces that prevent the deck from dropping are converted into compression forces vertically in the tower and horizontally along the deck structure. As of December 2007 work is continuing on the eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. This article is concerned with a particular type of suspension bridge the self-anchored type It is also related to the suspension bridge in having arcuate main cables with suspender cables, although the self-anchored type lacks the heavy cable anchorages of the ordinary suspension bridge. This article is concerned with a particular type of suspension bridge the suspended-deck type Unlike either a cable stayed bridge or a suspension bridge, the self-anchored suspension bridge must be supported by falsework during construction and so it is more expensive to construct. Falsework consists of temporary structures used in Construction to support spanning or arched structures in order to hold the component in place until its construction is sufficiently
Notable cable-stayed bridges
See also: List of largest cable-stayed bridges and Category:Cable-stayed bridges
- Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge: the longest cable-stayed bridge in the Western Hemisphere, spanning the Cooper River in Charleston, South Carolina. This list of the largest cable-stayed bridges ranks the world's Cable-stayed bridges by the length of main span (distance between the suspension towers The Arthur Ravenel Jr Bridge, also known as the Cooper River Bridge, is a Cable-stayed bridge over the Cooper River in South Carolina, The Cooper River is a River in the US state of South Carolina. Charleston is a city in Charleston county in the US state of South Carolina.
- Bandra Worli Sea-Link: The new 8-lane twin carriageway cable-stayed bridge of the sea-link project and the West Island Freeway system, under construction, connects Greater Mumbai, India to the western suburbs. The Bandra Worli Sea Link will be an 8-lane Cable-stayed bridge with pre-stressed concrete Viaduct approaches which will link Bandra and the western A carriageway is a part of a Road referring to the part that will technically carry vehicle traffic This article contains information about expected future Infrastructure. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
- Cable Bridge: The first cable-stayed bridge in the United States, in Pasco, Washington
- Centennial Bridge: a six-lane vehicular bridge that crosses the Panama Canal with a total length of 1. The Cable Bridge, officially called the Ed Hendler Bridge and sometimes called the Intercity Bridge, spans the Columbia River between Pasco and Pasco (ˈpæskoʊ is a city in and the County seat of Franklin County, Washington, United States. Panama 's Centennial Bridge ( Puente Centenario) is a major bridge crossing the Panama Canal, and hence connecting North and South America The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the 05 km (3,451 ft).
- Denver Millennium Bridge: A 130-foot long pedestrian bridge which won the Gold Award in 2003 from the New York Association of Consulting Engineers. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States For other structures of the same name see Millennium Bridge The Denver Millennium Bridge is the world’s first Cable-stayed bridge A footbridge is a Bridge designed for Pedestrians and in some cases cyclists and horse riders, rather than vehicular Traffic The bridge is a focal point of the film "Nowhereland" starring Eddie Murphy. NowhereLand is a 2009 comedy-fantasy film starring Eddie Murphy and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Edward Regan "Eddie" Murphy (born April 3 1961 is an Academy Award -nominated Golden Globe - Screen Actors Guild Award -winning American
- Kap Shui Mun Bridge: it carries both road and railway traffic, with a main span of 430 metres and an overall length of 1323 metres, connecting Ma Wan and Lantau Island in Hong Kong as part of the Lantau Link serving Hong Kong International Airport. The Kap Shui Mun Bridge (KSMB) in Hong Kong is the longest Cable-stayed bridge in the world that transports both road and Ma Wan ( is an Island of Hong Kong, located between Lantau Island and Tsing Yi Island. Lantau Island, also Lantao, based on the old local name of Lantau Peak ( lit Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The Lantau Link ( formerly known as the Lantau Fixed Crossing, is a series of infrastructures linking Hong Kong International Airport to the urban areas in Hong Kong International Airport is the main airport in Hong Kong.
- Indiano Bridge over the Arno River in Florence, Italy, 1978, is the first earth-anchored cable-stayed steel bridge in the world with central planes of cables, single inclined masts, vented deck. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Central span of 210 m.
- Millau Viaduct is the bridge with the tallest piers in the world: 341 metres tall (1,118 ft) and roadway 270 metres high (886 ft), spanning the Tarn River in France. The Millau Viaduct (le Viaduc de Millau) is a large cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the River Tarn near Millau The Tarn River ( tarnis in Latin; hypothetical meaning rapid or walled in) is a long River in southern France ( This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. With a total length of 2460 m and seven towers, it also has the longest cable-stayed suspended deck in the world.
- New Railroad Bridge: the first bridge in Europe to use cable-stayed girder system in the railroad industry, connects two banks of Sava river in Belgrade. New Railroad Bridge ( Serbian: Нови железнички мост Serbian (Latin: Novi železnički most) is a bridge over the Sava The Sava ( Bosnian, Croatian, Slovene: Sava; Serbian: Сава, Sava) is a river in Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia.
- Nový Most: The world's longest cable-stayed bridge in category with one pylon and with one cable-stayed plane, spanning Danube river in Bratislava, Slovakia. Nový Most (New Bridge formerly Most SNP - Bridge of the Slovak National Uprising) is a road bridge over the Danube in Bratislava, the capital The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj ARTICLE TEXT BEGINS AFTER THESE COMMENTS - PLEASE READ 1 Please do not edit the lead without reading Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million The main span is 303 metres, total length 430. 8 metres. The only member of World Federation of Great Towers that is primarily used as a bridge. The World Federation of Great Towers (WFGT is an association of tall Towers and Skyscrapers from around the world It houses a flying-saucer restaurant at the top of pylon 85 metres high.
- Oresund Bridge, a combined two-track rail and four-lane road bridge with a main span of 490 metres and a total length of 7. The Oresund Bridge ( Danish Øresundsbroen, Swedish Öresundsbron, joint hybrid name Øresundsbron) is a combined two-track rail 85 km, crossing the Öresund strait between Malmö, Sweden and the Danish Capital Region. Øresund or The Sound (Øresund Öresund is the Strait that separates the Danish island Zealand (Danish Sjælland) from the "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Hovedstadsregionen ( English: The capital region) (now obsolete was the name of the greater metropolitan region around and including Copenhagen (København
- Penang Bridge in Malaysia is the longest bridge in South East Asia, with its longest span measuring 225m. The Penang Bridge ( Jambatan Pulau Pinang in Malay) is a dual-carriageway Toll bridge that connects Gelugor on the island of Currently being upgraded.
- Rande Bridge in Spain near Vigo is the highway cable stayed bridge with the longest and slenderest span in the world at the time of construction (1977). Rande Bridge (coordinates 42°17′1781″N 8°39′3697″O is a Cable-stayed bridge that links the strips of land of the Strait of Rande on the Ria (or Three long spans of 148m + 400m + 148m. Pylons in concrete, girder in composite steel-concrete.
- Rio-Antirio bridge: with a total length of 2880 m and four towers, this is the bridge with the second longest cable-stayed suspended deck (2258 m long) in the world, spanning the Gulf of Corinth near Patra, Greece. The Gulf of Corinth or the Corinthian Gulf is a deep inlet of the Ionian Sea separating the Peloponnese from western mainland Greece. Patras ( Demotic Greek: Πάτρα, Pátra, ˈpatra Classical Greek: Πάτραι, Pátrai, Patrae is Greece Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
- Skybridge: the world's longest transit-only bridge, spanning the Fraser River between New Westminster and Surrey, BC, Canada. The Skybridge is a Cable-stayed bridge in Greater Vancouver Regional District, British Columbia, Canada. For other uses of this name see Fraser River (disambiguation. Surrey is a Canadian city in the Province of British Columbia that lies within the Metro Vancouver Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
- Sundial Bridge: an award-winning single spar pedestrian bridge spanning the Sacramento River in Redding, California. The Sundial Bridge is a cantilever spar cable-stayed Bridge that spans the Sacramento River in Redding California. The Sacramento River is the longest River entirely within the U Redding is a city in Northern California. It is the County seat of Shasta County California, USA
- Sunshine Skyway Bridge: The world's longest bridge with a cable-stayed main span; carries I-275 across Tampa Bay south of St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. The Sunshine Skyway Bridge, spanning Florida's Tampa Bay, is the world's longest bridge with a cable-stayed main span with a length of 29040 feet Interstate 275 (I-275 in Florida serves the Tampa Bay Metropolitan area. Tampa Bay is a large natural Harbor and Estuary along the Gulf of Mexico on the western coast of Florida, comprising Old Tampa Bay St Petersburg (often shortened to St Pete) is a city in Pinellas County Florida, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The very similar looking Oresund bridge is slightly shorter but has a longer main span. The Oresund Bridge ( Danish Øresundsbroen, Swedish Öresundsbron, joint hybrid name Øresundsbron) is a combined two-track rail
- Surgut Bridge: the longest one-tower cable-stayed bridge in the world, crossing the Ob River in Siberia. The Surgut Bridge across the Ob River is a Cable-stayed bridge, one of the longest in Siberia. Ob River (Обь also Obi, is a major river in West Siberia, Russia, the country's fourth longest Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving
- Sutong Bridge: Spans the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China. The Sutong Bridge ( Wu IPA:sutʰoŋ dadʒɔ is a Cable-stayed bridge that spans the Yangtze River in People's Republic of China between China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National It will surpass Japan's Tatara Bridge for the world's longest cable-stay main span when it opens in 2008, but its overall length will be shorter than the Sunshine Skyway Bridge in the United States. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The is a Cable-stayed bridge that is part of the Nishiseto Expressway, commonly known as the Shimanami Kaidō しまなみ海道 The Sunshine Skyway Bridge, spanning Florida's Tampa Bay, is the world's longest bridge with a cable-stayed main span with a length of 29040 feet The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
- Tatara Bridge: has the largest span of any cable-stayed bridge at 890 metres (2,920 ft), part of a series of bridges connecting Honshū and Shikoku in Japan. The is a Cable-stayed bridge that is part of the Nishiseto Expressway, commonly known as the Shimanami Kaidō しまなみ海道 or Honshu is the largest Island of Japan. The nation's main island, it is south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of is the smallest (225 km long and between 50 and 150 km wide and least populous (4141955 as of 2005 of the four main islands of Japan, located south of Honshū For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
- Ting Kau Bridge: the world's first major four-span (three towers) cable-stayed bridge, forming part of the road network connecting Hong Kong International Airport to other parts of Hong Kong, China. Ting Kau Bridge ( is a 1177 m long Cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong that spans from the northwest of Tsing Yi Island and Tuen Mun Road Hong Kong International Airport is the main airport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders
- Vasco da Gama Bridge in Lisbon, Portugal is the longest bridge in Europe, with a total length of 17. The Vasco da Gama Bridge (Portuguese Ponte Vasco da Gama, pron. Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. 2 km (10. 7 mi), including 0. 829 km (0. 5 mi) for the main bridge, 11. 5 km (7. 1 mi) in viaducts, and 4. 8 km (3. 0 mi) in extension roads.
- Vidyasagar Setu (2nd Hooghly Bridge) in Kolkata, West Bengal, India is the longest cable-stayed bridge in the Indian subcontinent, with the main span measuring 457. Vidyasagar Setu (commonly known as the Second Hooghly Bridge) is a Bridge over the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India. Vidyasagar Setu (commonly known as the Second Hooghly Bridge) is a Bridge over the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. 2 m (1,500 feet) and total length being 823 m (2,700 feet). The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International
- Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge: the world's widest cable-stayed bridge; carries 10 lanes of Interstate 93 over the Charles River in Boston, Massachusetts. The Leonard P Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge is a Cable-stayed bridge that carries eight lanes of the Interstate 93 and U Interstate 93 (abbreviated I-93) is an Interstate highway in the New England section of the United States. The Charles River is a small relatively short River in Massachusetts, USA, that separates Boston from Cambridge and It is also the first cable-stayed bridge with an asymmetrical deck design.
- Zhivopisny Bridge in Moscow, Russia, is the highest cable-stayed bridge in Europe. Zhivopisny Bridge (Живописный Мост is a Cable-stayed bridge that spans Moskva River in north-western Moscow, Russia. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending
- Zarate-Brazo Largo Bridges over the Paranà Guazù and Paranà de las Palmas Rivers in Argentina (1977). The Zárate-Brazo Largo Bridges are two cable-stayed road and railway Bridges in Argentina, crossing the Paraná River (Paranà Guazù and Paranà For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. They are the two first road and railway long span cable-stayed steel bridges in the world. Spans: 110m + 330m + 110m.
External links
- North American Cable Stayed Bridge Registry
- Structurae: Cable-stayed Bridges
- Cable-Stayed Bridge
- Cable-stayed bridges on Brantacan
- Bridgemeister: Cable-stayed Bridges
- Cable-Stayed Bridge Basics
References
- ^ Bluff Dale Suspension Bridge. Historic American Engineering Record. The Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS Historic American Engineering Record (HAER and Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS are programs of the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress
- ^ a b Troyano, Leonardo (2003). Bridge Engineering: A Global Perspective. Thomas Telford, 650-652. ISBN 0727732153.
- ^ Virlogeux, Michel (2001-02-01). "Bridges with multiple cable-stayed spans". Structural Engineering International 11 (1): 61-82.
- ^ American Society of Civil Engineers (2007-03-12). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving "Bridging To The Future Of Engineering". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2008-03-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.
Further reading
- De Miranda F. , et. al. , (1979), "Basic problems in long span cable stayed bridges", Rep. n. 25, Dipartimento di Strutture - Università di Calabria - Arcavacata (CS) Italy, (242 pagg. ) Sept. 1979.
- Walther, Rene; et. al. (1999). Cable Stayed Bridges, 2nd edition, Thomas Telford. ISBN 0727727737.
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