6" or 15cm outside diameter, oil-cooled cables, traversing the Grand Coulee Dam throughout. Grand Coulee Dam is a Hydroelectric Gravity dam on the Columbia River in the U These cables are connected to powerful pumps that pump the oil through them while in operation. Safety switches turn off the oil flow in the event of a leak, in order to limit the effects of a hydrocarbon fire. In Organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an Organic compound consisting entirely of Hydrogen and Carbon.

Fire test in Sweden, showing rapid fire spread through burning of cable jackets from one cable tray to another. A fire test is a means of determining whether or not Fire protection products meet minimum performance criteria as set out in a Building code or other applicable legislation "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction.

500MCM 1C Power Cable Marking

A cable is one or more wires or optical fibers bound together, typically in a common protective jacket or sheath. A wire is a single usually cylindrical, elongated string of drawn Metal. An optical fiber (or fibre) is a Glass or Plastic fiber that carries Light along its length The individual wires or fibers inside the jacket may be covered or insulated. An insulator, also called a Dielectric, is a material that resists the flow of Electric current. Combination cables may contain both electrical wires and optical fibers. Electrical wire is usually copper because of its excellent conductivity, but aluminum is sometimes used because it costs less. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Electrical conductivity or specific conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an Electric current. WikipediaNaming

Construction

Electrical cables may be made flexible by stranding the wires. In this process, smaller individual wires are twisted or braided together to produce larger wires that are more flexible than solid wires of similar size. Bunching small wires before concentric stranding adds the most flexibility. A thin coat of a specific material (usually tin-which improves the solderability of the bunch-, but it could be silver, gold and another materials and of course the wire can be unplated - with no coating material) on the individual wires provides lubrication for longest life. Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Lubrication is the process or technique employed to reduce wear of one or both surfaces in close proximity and moving relative to each another by interposing a substance called Tight lays during stranding makes the cable extensible (CBA - as in telephone handset cords).

Bundling the conductors and eliminating multi-layers ensures a uniform bend radius across each conductor. Pulling and compressing forces balance one another around the high-tensile center cord that provides the necessary inner stability. As a result the cable core remains stable even under maximum bending stress.

Cables can be securely fastened and organized, such as using cable trees with the aid of cable ties or cable lacing. A cable tie (also colloquially known as zip tie, zap strap, mouse belt, tie wrap, quick draw, or rat belt) is a type of Cable lacing is a method for tying wiring harnesses and Cable looms traditionally used in Telecommunication, naval and aerospace applications Continuous-flex or flexible cables used in moving applications within cable carriers can be secured using strain relief devices or cable ties. Flexible cables are Cables specially designed to cope with the tight bending radii and Physical stress associated with moving applications such Cable carriers, also known as drag chains, energy chains, or cable chains depending on the manufacturer are guides designed to surround and guide flexible

History

In the 19th century and early 20th century, cable was often insulated using cloth, rubber and even paper. Plastic materials are generally used today, except for high reliability power cables. There are four types of plastic insulation used in telecommunications cables today: solid, cellular, foam skin and skin-foam-skin.

The leading global producers of wire and cable include (in no particular order): Canare, Draka, General Cable, Belden, Nexans, India, igus, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Furukawa Electric, Hitachi Cable, Southwire, Marmon Group, LS Cable, Leoni, Fujikura, Tyco, Prysmian, Lapp, Wonderful Hi-Tech, Walsin Lihwa and Wilms Group, and Jainson Cables - India. Nexans SA is a French company As of 2006 it has an industrial presence in 30 countries 21000 employees and sales of 7 Igus is a worldwide manufacturer and distributor of plastic Plain bearings and cable carrying energy chain systems all manufactured by Injection molding. is a major manufacturer of electric Wire and Optical fiber cables ( was established in 1956 as a manufacturer of electric wire and cable for power distribution Marmon was an Automobile Brand name manufactured by Nordyke Marmon & Company of Indianapolis Indiana, USA, from 1902 through LS (Leading Solutions Cable Company Ltd ( Hangul:LS전선 엘에스케이블 is a South Korean Cable, Chemical and Engineering Based in Nuremberg, Germany, Leoni AG is a Cable and Harnessing manufacturing firm with branches throughout the world Tyco International Ltd is a highly diversified global manufacturing company incorporated in Bermuda, with United States operational headquarters in Princeton New Prysmian ( is an Italian -based telecomunications and energy cable business headquartered in Milan.

Fire protection

Cables as a fire hazard

In construction, sometimes the cable jacketing is seen as a potential source of fuel for a fire. In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure To limit the spread of fire along cable jacketing, one may use cable coating materials or one may use cables with jacketing that is inherently fire retardant. Teck cable or metal clad cables, may have exterior organic jacketing, which is often stripped off by electricians in order to reduce the fuel source for accidental fires. In Europe in particular, it is often customary to place inorganic wraps and boxes around cables in order to safeguard the adjacent areas from the potential fire threat associated with unprotected cable jacketing.

Interference protection

In applications powering sensitive electronics, keeping unwanted EMI/RFI from entering circuits is important. This can be accomplished passively with shielding along the length of the cable or by running the cable in an enclosure separate from any other wires which may induct noise. It can also be actively achieved by use of a choke designed to restrict the cables' ability to conduct certain frequencies. A choke is an Inductor designed to have a high reactance to a particular frequency when used in a signal-carrying circuit

Types of cable

Cables can be sorted into several categories and types. Generally it can by sorted into two main groups, structural and informatic.

Application

• Wire rope (wire cable)
• Audiovisual cable
• Bicycle cable
• Communications cable
• Computer cable
• Mechanical cable
• Submersible cable

advantage

they are good conductors,cheap and available every where

disadvantage

copper corrode easily and should be layered with Lacquer to help conserve the concluding

Cable type

Basic cable types are as follows:

Basic

• Coaxial cable
• Multicore cable (consist of more than one wire and is covered by cable jacket)
• Optical fiber cable
• Ribbon cable
• Single cable (from time to time this name is used for wire)

Construction

Based on construction and cable properties it can be sorted into the following:

• Mineral-insulated copper-clad cable
• Twinax cable
• Twisted pair cable
• Shielded cable
• Flexible cables

Special

• Arresting cable
• Bowden cable
• Heliax cable
• Direct-buried cable
• Heavy-lift cable
• Elevator cable

Market Information

• Integer Research Ltd
• International Cable Makers Federation
• Wire Association International

See also