Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre, distinguished mainly by the performance venue — a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performances and the audience sitting at tables (often dining or drinking) watching the performance. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and A song is a Musical composition. Songs contain vocal parts that are performed 'sung' and generally feature Words ( Lyrics) commonly followed Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark The venue itself can also be called a "cabaret. " The turn of the 20th century introduced a revolutionized cabaret culture. Performers included Josephine Baker and Brazilian drag performer João Francisco dos Santos (aka Madame Satã). Josephine Baker (or Joséphine Baker in Francophone countries ( June 3, 1906 &ndash April 12, 1975) was an American-born João Francisco dos Santos (1900&ndash1976 also known as the infamous drag performer and Capoeirista Madame Satã, was born into a family of ex- Cabaret performances could range from political satire to light entertainment, each being introduced by a master of ceremonies, or MC. Political satire is a significant part of Satire that specializes in gaining entertainment from politicsusing political cartoons politicians and public affairs
The term is a French word for the taprooms or cafés where this form of entertainment was born, as a more artistic type of café-chantant. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Café chantant (French lit “Singing café” A type of musical establishment associated with the Belle époque in France It is derived from Middle Dutch cabret, through Old North French camberette, from Late Latin camera. It essentially means "small room. "
Cabaret also refers to a Mediterranean-style brothel — a bar with tables and women who mingle with and entertain the clientele. Traditionally these establishments can also feature some form of stage entertainment: often singers & dancers — the bawdiness of which varies with the quality of the establishment. It is the classier, more sophisticated cabaret that eventually engendered the type of establishment and art form that is the subject of the remainder of this article.
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There is evidence of cabarets as early as February 1789 in the Cahier de Dolences.
The first cabaret was opened in 1881 in Montmartre, Paris: Rodolphe Salís' "cabaret artistique. Montmartre is a hill (the butte Montmartre) which is 130 metres high giving its name to the surrounding district in the north of Paris in the 18th Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city " Shortly after it was founded, it was renamed Le Chat Noir (The Black Cat). Le Chat Noir ( French for "The Black Cat" was a 19th-century Cabaret in the bohemian Montmartre district of Paris. It became a locale in which up-and-coming cabaret artists could try their new acts in front of their peers before they were acted in front of an audience. The place was a great success, visited by important people of that time such as Alphonse Allais, Jean Richepin, Aristide Bruant, and people from all walks of life: women of high society, tourists, bankers, doctors, journalists, etc. Alphonse Allais ( October 20, 1854 - October 28, 1905) was a French writer and Humorist born in Honfleur Jean Richepin (4 February 1849 - 12 December 1926 French Poet, Novelist and Dramatist, the son of an army doctor was born at Medea Aristide Bruant ( 6 May 1851 &ndash 10 February 1925) was a French cabaret singer comedian and nightclub owner The Chat Noir was a place where they could get away from work. In 1887, the cabaret was closed due to the bad economic situation that made amusements of this kind seem vulgar.
The Moulin Rouge, built in 1889 in the red-light district of Pigalle near Montmartre, is famous for the large red imitation windmill on its roof. Can-can at the Moulin Rouge The main feature of an evening at the Moulin Rouge is the performance Pigalle is an area in Paris around Place Pigalle on the border between the 9th and the 18th ''arrondissements''. Notable performers at the Moulin Rouge included La Goulue, Yvette Guilbert, Jane Avril, Mistinguett, and Le Pétomane. Louise Weber ( July 13 1866 &ndash January 30, 1929) was a French Can-can dancer who performed under the Stage Yvette Guilbert ( 20 January 1865 in Paris &ndash 3 February 1944 in Aix-en-Provence) was a French Cabaret Jane Avril (1868 &ndash 1943 was a French Can-can dancer made famous by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec through his paintings Mistinguett ( April 5, 1875 – January 5, 1956 from Enghien-les-Bains, Val-d'Oise, Île-de-France, Le Pétomane (ləˈpɛtəmeɪn French ləpetɔˈman was the Stage name of the French Professional farter and entertainer Joseph Pujol ( Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec painted numerous pictures and scenes of night life there. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (ɑ̃ʁi dø tuluz loˈtʁɛk (24 November 1864 &ndash 9 September 1901 was a French painter, printmaker, draftsman
The Folies-Bergère continued to attract a large number of people until the start of the 20th century, even though it was more expensive than other cabarets. The Folies Bergère is a Parisian Music hall which was at the height of its fame and popularity from the 1890s through the 1920s People felt comfortable at the cabaret: They did not have to take off their hat, could talk, eat, and smoke when they wanted to, etc. They did not have to stick to the usual rules of society.
At the Folies-Bergère, as in many cafés-concerts, there were a variety of acts: singers, dancers, jugglers, clowns, and sensations such as the Birmane family, all of whom had beards. Audiences were attracted by the danger of the circus acts (sometimes tamers were killed by their lions), but what happened on stage was not the only entertainment. Often patrons watched others, strolled around, and met friends or prostitutes. At the start of the 20th century, as war approached, prices rose further and the cabaret became a place for the rich.
Le Lido, on the Champs-Elysées has been a venue of the finest shows with the most famous names since 1946 including Laurel & Hardy, Shirley MacLaine, Elton John, Marlene Dietrich, and Noel Coward among them. Le Lido is a Cabaret and Burlesque house on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, France, famous for its exotic shows which rival those Laurel and Hardy were the popular American -based comedy team of thin British-born Stan Laurel (1890-1965 and heavy American-born Oliver Hardy (1892-1957 Shirley MacLaine (born April 24, 1934) is an American Academy Award -winning Film and Theater Actress, well-known Sir Elton Hercules John CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 is an English pop / rock Singer, Composer Marlene Dietrich maɐˈleːnə ˈdiːtrɪç (December 27 &ndashMay 6) was a German -born American Actress, Singer and Entertainer Sir Noël Peirce Coward ( 16 December 1899 26 March 1973) was an English Actor, Playwright
Famous French cabaret performers:
Twenty years later, Ernst von Wolzogen founded the first German cabaret, later known as Buntes Theater (colourful theatre). Charles Aznavour OC ( Armenian: Շառլ Ազնավուր born Shahnour Varenagh Aznavourian (Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրյան Jacques Romain Georges Brel (ʒak bʀɛl in French (8 April 1929 &ndash 9 October 1978 was a Belgian Singer-songwriter. Serge Gainsbourg ɡɛ̃'zbuʁ (2 April 1928 &ndash 2 March 1991 was a French Poet, Singer-songwriter, Actor and Édith Piaf (December 19 1915&mdashOctober 10 1963 was a French singer and cultural icon who "is almost universally regarded as France's greatest popular singer The Swingle Singers are a vocal group formed in 1962 Paris, France with Ward Swingle, Anne Germain Jeanette Baucomont and Jean Cussac Jocelyne Jocya ( January 7, 1942 – August 18, 2003) was a French Singer, Songwriter, and advocate of Ernst von Wolzogen ( April 23, 1855 - August 30, 1934 was a Cultural critic, a writer and a founder of Cabaret in Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. All forms of public criticism were banned by a censor on theatres in the German Empire, however. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification This was lifted at the end of the First World War, allowing the cabaret artists to deal with social themes and political developments of the time. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All This meant that German cabaret really began to blossom in the 1920s and 1930s, bringing forth all kinds of new cabaret artists, such as Werner Finck at the Katakombe, Karl Valentin at the Wien-München, and Claire Waldoff. Werner Finck ( May Karl Valentin (born Valentin Ludwig Fey, 4 June 1882, Munich - 9 February Claire Waldoff (born October 21, 1884 in Gelsenkirchen; January 22, 1957) ( Clara Wortmann) was a German Some of their texts were written by great literary figures such as Kurt Tucholsky, Erich Kästner, and Klaus Mann. Kurt Tucholsky ( January 9, 1890 &ndash December 21, 1935) was a German- Jewish Journalist, satirist and writer Erich Kästner (ˈʔeːʁɪç ˈkʰɛstnɐ ( February 23, 1899 &ndash July 29, 1974) was one of the most famous German authors, Klaus Mann ( November 18, 1906 &ndash May 21, 1949) was a German Writer.
When the Nazi party came to power in 1933, they started to repress this intellectual criticism of the times. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 Cabaret in Germany was hit badly. (Bob Fosse's film, Cabaret (1972), based on the Christopher Isherwood novel, Goodbye to Berlin, deals with this period. Robert Louis “Bob” Fosse ( June 23, 1927 – September 23, 1987) was an American Musical theater Choreographer and Cabaret is a 1972 American Musical film directed by Bob Fosse and starring Liza Minnelli, Michael York Christopher Isherwood ( August 26, 1904 &ndash January 4, 1986) was an Anglo-American Novelist. Goodbye to Berlin is a short novel by Christopher Isherwood. It is often published together with Mr ) In 1935 Werner Finck was briefly imprisoned and sent to a concentration camp; at the end of that year Kurt Tucholsky committed suicide; and nearly all German-speaking cabaret artists fled into exile in Switzerland, France, Scandinavia, or the USA. Werner Finck ( May Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
What remained in Germany was a state-controlled cabaret where jokes were told or the people were encouraged to keep their chins up.
When the war ended, the occupying powers ensured that the cabarets portrayed the horrors of the Nazi regime. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Soon, various cabarets were also dealing with the government, the Cold War and the Wirtschaftswunder: the Tol(l)leranten in Mainz, the Kom(m)ödchen in Düsseldorf and the Münchner Lach- und Schießgesellschaft in Munich. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The term ( German for "economic miracle" describes the rapid reconstruction and development of the economies of West Germany and Austria Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The Kom(mödchen is a Cabaret stage in Düsseldorf. The Kom(mödchen was created in 1947 as a political-literary cabaret by Kay and Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. These were followed in the 1950s by television cabaret.
In the DDR, the first state cabaret was opened in 1953, Berlin's Die Distel. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. It was censored and did not criticise the state (1954: Die Pfeffermühle in Leipzig). This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong
In the 1960s, West German cabaret was centred around Düsseldorf, Munich, and Berlin. Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. At the end of the decade, the students' movement of May 1968 split opinion on the genre as some old cabaret artists were booed off the stage for being part of the old establishment. For other events in May 1968 see 1968. In the 1970s, new forms of cabaret developed, such as the television show Notizen aus der Provinz (Notes from the Sticks). At the end of the 1980s, political cabaret was an important part of social criticism, with a minor boom at the time of German reunification. German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany In eastern Germany, cabarets had been growing more and more daring in their criticism of politicians in the time leading up to 1989. After reunification, new social problems, such as mass unemployment, the privatisation of companies, and rapid changes in society, meant that cabarets rose in number. Dresden, for example, gained two new cabarets alongside the popular Herkuleskeule. Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German
In the 1990s and at the start of the new millennium, the television and film comedy boom and a lessening of public interest in politics meant that television cabaret audiences in Germany dropped.
In the Netherlands cabaret is the name for a popular comedy-form that evolved out of the earlier traditional cabaret, much like the German-speaking cabaret. Marlene Dietrich maɐˈleːnə ˈdiːtrɪç (December 27 &ndashMay 6) was a German -born American Actress, Singer and Entertainer Karl Farkas (born October 28 1893 in Vienna; died May 16 1971 in Vienna was an Austrian Actor and Cabaret performer Werner Finck ( May Dora Gerson ( March 23, 1899 - February 14, 1943) was a Jewish German Cabaret Singer and motion picture Dieter Hildebrandt (born 23 May 1927) is a German Cabaret artist Erich Kästner (ˈʔeːʁɪç ˈkʰɛstnɐ ( February 23, 1899 &ndash July 29, 1974) was one of the most famous German authors, Ute Lemper (born July 4 1963 in Münster, Germany) is a German chanteuse and actress Klaus Mann ( November 18, 1906 &ndash May 21, 1949) was a German Writer. Klaus Sperber ( January 24, 1944 - August 6, 1983) better known as Klaus Nomi, was a German Countertenor noted Dieter Nuhr (born October 29, 1960) is a German comedian from Wesel. Alf Poier (born February 22, 1967 in Styria) is an Austrian artist and stand-up Comedian Gerhard Polt (born May 7, 1942 in Munich) is a Bavarian writer filmmaker actor and satirical cabaret artist Silk Smitha ( December 2, 1960 &ndash September 23, 1996) was a South Indian cinema actress Jura Soyfer ( December 8, 1912. Kharkov, Ukraine - February 15/16 1939 Buchenwald concentration camp Kurt Tucholsky ( January 9, 1890 &ndash December 21, 1935) was a German- Jewish Journalist, satirist and writer Karl Valentin (born Valentin Ludwig Fey, 4 June 1882, Munich - 9 February María Estela Martínez Cartas de Perón (born February 4, 1931) better known as Isabel Martínez de Perón or Isabel Perón, is a former __FORCETOC__ For the Vice President of the United States, their roles and other information see Vice President of the United States. The Argentine Senate is the upper house of parliament in Argentina. The President of Argentina (full title President of the Argentine Nation, Spanish: Presidente de la Nación Argentina) is the Head of state The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Whereas interest in the German form faded in the 1990s, the Dutch Cabaret stayed strong and actually grew explosively in those years. Unlike Stand-up comedy this Dutch form usually has more of a storyline throughout the performance. Stand-up comedy is a style of comedy where the performer speaks directly to the audience with the absence of the theatrical " Fourth wall " Often it is a mixture of comedy with theater and like German-speaking cabaret it can be politically engaged. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Famous are the new year's eve performances by Dutch cabaretiers, which are well watched on television. In Belgium, the Flemish Geert Hoste and Raf Coppens have performed these kind of shows as well. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Geert Hoste ( July 1, 1960, Bruges) is a Flemish Cabaret performer
Some famous Dutch cabaretiers:
In the United States, cabaret diverged into several different and distinct styles of performance mostly due to the influence of Jazz Music. Najib Amhali (born April 4, 1971 in Nador) is a Moroccan-born Dutch Stand-up comedian and Actor. Van Kooten en De Bie were a Dutch comedy duo formed by Kees van Kooten and Wim de Bie. Frederik Jan Georg "Freek" de Jonge (born 30 August 1944) is a Dutch Cabaret performer Hermenegildus ("Herman" Felix Victor Maria Finkers (born December 9 1954 in Almelo, Overijssel) is a Comedian from the Raoul Heertje ( Bussum, 1963 is a Dutch Comedian. The notable International appearances he made were in the tv-shows of Ruby Wax Clive James Joseph Jacobus Maria van 't Hek, commonly known as Youp van 't Hek, (born February 28, 1954 in Naarden) is a Dutch Comedian Antoine G T "Toon" Hermans ( December 17, 1916 – April 22, 2000) was a noted Dutch Comedian, Singer Van Kooten en De Bie were a Dutch comedy duo formed by Kees van Kooten and Wim de Bie. Theodorus Wilhelmus (Theo Maassen (born 8 December 1966 in Oegstgeest, Zuid-Holland) is a Dutch comedian and Actor General notes to people who want to improve the article regarding translation of terms Names I translated some for which an easy translation popped in my head Hans Eduard Marie Teeuwen (born March 3 1967 in Budel, The Netherlands) is a Dutch Comedian, Actor and Claudia de Breij (born May 13 1975 in Utrecht, The Netherlands) is a Dutch comedian show host and former radio disk jockey Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Chicago cabaret focused intensely on the larger band ensembles and reached its zenith in the speakeasies, and steakhouses (like The Palm) of the Prohibition Era. A speakeasy was an establishment that surreptitiously sold Alcoholic beverages during the period of United States history known as Prohibition (1920-1933 thumb|right|200px|The Big Texan - Amarillo Texas steakhouse A steakhouse (or steak house) is a Restaurant that specializes in Beef Steaks The Palm is an American Fine-dining Steakhouse opened in 1926. Roaring Twenties is a phrase used to describe the 1920s principally in North America, that emphasizes the period's social artistic and cultural dynamism
New York cabaret never developed along the darkly political lines of its European counterparts, but did feature a great deal of social commentary. When New York cabarets featured jazz, they tended to focus on famous vocalists like Eartha Kitt and Hildegarde rather than instrumental musicians. Eartha Mae Kitt (born on January 17 1927) is an American actress, Singer, and Cabaret star Hildegarde ( February 1, 1906 - July 29, 2005) was an American Cabaret Singer, best known for the song "Darling
Cabaret in the United States began to disappear in the sixties, due to the rising popularity of rock concert shows and television variety shows. The term rock concert refers to a musical performance in the style of any one of many Genres inspired by " Rock and roll " Music. A variety show or variety entertainment is an entertainment made up of a variety of acts especially Musical performances and Comedy Skits and The art form itself still survives vestigially in two popular entertainment formats: Stand-up comedy and the dark comic performances that may still be seen in the drag show and camp performances in the nation's GLBT community. Stand-up comedy is a style of comedy where the performer speaks directly to the audience with the absence of the theatrical " Fourth wall " A drag queen is a person usually a man who dresses (or "drags" in female clothes and make-up for special occasions and usually because they are performing and entertaining LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual
Cabaret is currently undergoing a renaissance of sorts in the United States as new generations of performers reinterpret the old forms in both music (see Dark Cabaret below) and theatre. Dark cabaret is a Music genre that blends the aesthetics of the decadent risqué German Weimar -era Cabarets and 1920s Burlesque
In early 2005 a group of New York City-based musicians and performers, including the actor Ian Buchanan, the rock singer Melissa Auf der Maur and singer and model Karen Elson launched a series of cabaret performances under the name The Citizens Band. Ian Buchanan (born June 16 1957) is a Scottish television Actor who most recently starred on the long-running soap opera All My Children Melissa Auf der Maur (born March 17, 1972) is a Canadian rock musician of Franco - Swiss ancestry from Montreal, Quebec A model is a person who is posed or displayed for the purpose of Art, Fashion, or other products and Advertising. Karen Elson (born January 14, 1979 in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England) is a British model. Performing sporadically in downtown Manhattan and in Los Angeles, they claim to have political motivation and describe themselves on their website as "a sexy, raucous collaborative cabaret troupe. " [1] The Citizens Band received media coverage from the likes of The New Yorker and The New York Times as well as many fashion magazines who trumpeted the return of "cabaret cool" in lush photo spreads. The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry [2]
In 2000, the cabaret variety show, [Le Scandal Cabaret] opened at the Cutting Room. The show mixes burlesque, live music, circus acts, and cabaret singers. New York Magazine called Le Scandal, "the rock star of the NY burlesque scene. " The show is the brain child of Bonnie Dunn, an international cabaret and burlesque performer and producer.
The Boston duo The Dresden Dolls (2000—present) describes their genre of music and performance as "Brechtian Punk Cabaret". The Dresden Dolls are an American musical duo from Boston Massachusetts. A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director.
Famous cabaret performers: