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CSD Municipal
Full name Club Social y Deportivo Municipal
Nickname(s) Rojos (Reds)
Máquina Escarlata (Scarlett Machine)
Diablos Rojos (Red Devils)
Founded May 17, 1936
Ground Estadio Mateo Flores and El Trébol,
Guatemala City
(Capacity 30,000)
Chairman Gerardo Villa
Manager Horacio Cordero
League Liga Nacional de Fútbol
2008 Clausura Champions
Team colours Team colours Team colours
Team colours
Team colours
 
Home colours
Team colours Team colours Team colours
Team colours
Team colours
 
Away colours

Club Social y Deportivo Municipal, also known as Municipal or Los Rojos (the Reds), are a Guatemalan professional football club based in Guatemala City. Football club names are a part of the sport 's culture reflecting century-old traditions This is a of lists of the use of Nicknames in football (soccer. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Estadio Nacional Mateo Flores is a multi-use National stadium in Guatemala City, the largest in Guatemala. Estadio El Trébol, also known as Estadio Manuel Felipe Carrera, is a Football (soccer Stadium in Guatemala City, Guatemala. Guatemala City (in full La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción; locally known as Guatemala or Guate) is the Capital and largest city of the The following is a list of Association football stadia. They are ordered by their capacity, that is the maximum number of spectators that the History Its first official professional tournament took place in 1942, and succeeded what was known as the Liga Capitalina (League of the Capital Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered A football team or a football club, in football (soccer is the collective name given to a number of players who play together in a Football game be it Association Guatemala City (in full La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción; locally known as Guatemala or Guate) is the Capital and largest city of the They compete in the Liga Nacional, the top division in the nation, and play their home matches at the Estadio Mateo Flores. History Its first official professional tournament took place in 1942, and succeeded what was known as the Liga Capitalina (League of the Capital The Estadio Nacional Mateo Flores is a multi-use National stadium in Guatemala City, the largest in Guatemala.

The club was founded in 1936, and as of 2007, they are the team that has remained the most years at the top level in Guatemala, having done so since the inception of the national league in 1942. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. They are the nation's most successful team, having won the domestic league 26 times; their most recent title came in the 2008 Clausura tournament. Municipal are the only Guatemalan club ever to win the CONCACAF Champions' Cup, a title they obtained in 1974. The CONCACAF Champions League is the annual international football competition held in the CONCACAF region ( North America, Central

Municipal are considered to be the most popular club in Guatemala,[1][2][3] and are traditional arch-rivals of club Comunicaciones, who are also located in the capital city. CSD Comunicaciones is a Guatemalan football club located in Guatemala City.

Contents

History

The club was founded in May 17, 1936 by workers of the Ayuntamiento (city hall) of the Guatemala City municipality, hence the name Municipal, earning promotion to the maximum division (then called Liga Capitalina) in 1938. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For a discussion of the historic ayuntamiento see Cabildo (council. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or History Its first official professional tournament took place in 1942, and succeeded what was known as the Liga Capitalina (League of the Capital They finished in second place in their debut season,[4] and have since remained in the top division.

Early domestic success (1940s-1960s)

The team won its first national league title in the 1942-43 tournament, the first ever official national league championship in Guatemala. History Its first official professional tournament took place in 1942, and succeeded what was known as the Liga Capitalina (League of the Capital They won three of the following six tournaments, the other three being won by Tipografía Nacional, whom which they had their first known rivalry. Tipografía Nacional (" Tip Nac " is a defunct football club that was based in Guatemala City, Guatemala. Municipal were coached by Manuel F. Carrera, one of the original founders of the club, and whose name was later given to the stadium where the team currently practices.

During the 1940s and early 1950s, Municipal's most emblematic player was the forward Carlos "Pepino" Toledo, who wore the red shirt throughout his career. Strikers, also known as forwards and attackers, are the players on a team in Association football (soccer in the row nearest to the opposing He helped the club win their first four league titles, the last of them coming at the 1954-55 tournament, which was Toledo's last year of play. He scored 129 career goals, a total which remains the fourth-highest in the history of the club, and was also one of the first nationwide-recognized players, becoming a member of the national team. The Guatemala national football team is the Association football team representing the country of Guatemala and is controlled by the Federación Nacional Later, he became the team's coach.

At the end of the 1950s, as Comunicaciones emerged as one of the top contenders in the league – winning it three years in a row –, Municipal went 8 straight years without winning a championship, but then won three of them in the 1963-64, 1965-66, and 1969-70 seasons. CSD Comunicaciones is a Guatemalan football club located in Guatemala City. These titles alternated with three titles won by Aurora FC – another club from the city – and coincided with a decline for Comunicaciones in that decade. Aurora FC are a Guatemalan professional football club, one of the traditional teams in the country When Tipografía Nacional faded as one of the top clubs of the nation, a fierce rivalry originated between Municipal and Comunicaciones, especially after the latter became the country's second most successful club, having won 7 of 14 league tournaments from 1956 to 1972. Both teams have been classic rivals ever since, with the matches between them usually attracting the most spectators of any local club football event. In many countries the term local derby, or simply just derby (pronounced 'dur-bee' in American English and 'dar-bee' in British English after the city of Derby

1970s: First international success

Starting in 1973, Municipal obtained a series of titles under Uruguayan coach Rubén Amorín, who took the team to league titles in successive years for their first time ever. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Amorín managed a group of players that included defender Alberto López Oliva, midfielders Benjamín Monterroso and Emilio Mitrovich, and forward Julio César Anderson (who would become the highest goalscorer ever for the club, until surpassed in the 2000s by Juan Carlos Plata), to their first international title, winning the 1974 Copa Fraternidad. For the Australian Rules position see Midfielder (Australian Rules. Benjamín Eduardo (" Mincho " Monterroso Díaz (born January 1, 1952) is a Guatemalan football Juan Carlos Plata (born 1 January 1971 is a Guatemalan football Striker and the second highest goalscorer in the history of the Guatemala national Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The UNCAF Club Tournament is the annual international football competition held in the UNCAF region (Central America However, Municipal's greatest achievement occurred in that same year, when they won the IV CONCACAF Champions' Cup, becoming the first – and only to date – Guatemalan team to have won the confederation's top club competition. The CONCACAF Champions League is the annual international football competition held in the CONCACAF region ( North America, Central The Rojos then went on to play the Copa Interamericana against Argentina's "red team", CA Independiente, on a two-leg playoff celebrated at the Estadio Mateo Flores in Guatemala. Copa Interamericana ( English: Interamerican Cup) was a football trophy contested between the champions of CONMEBOL 's Copa Libertadores For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Club Atlético Independiente is a popular Argentine Sports club best known for its football team established in 1905 The Estadio Nacional Mateo Flores is a multi-use National stadium in Guatemala City, the largest in Guatemala. The first leg, played November 24, 1974, was won by Independiente 1-0, on a goal by Ricardo Bochini. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Ricardo Enrique Bochini (born January 25, 1954 in Zárate, Buenos Aires) is an Argentine former professional football Two days later, Municipal, in need of a win, beat the Argentines 1-0, thanks to a goal by the Argentine-born Mitrovich in the second half. With both teams equal in points and goal difference, the match went to extra time, where there was no change in the score. In Sports such as Ice hockey and football (soccer, goal difference (that is goals scored minus goals conceded is often the first Tiebreaker The winner of the continental title was then decided on penalty kicks. Penalty shootouts, properly named kicks from the penalty mark, are a method sometimes used to decide which team progresses to the next stage of a tournament (or wins the tournament After misses by Anderson and Monterroso, Independiente won the shootout 4-2, and ended Municipal's international run.

1980s: Almost relegated

After winning another league title in 1976 and the 1977 Copa Fraternidad, the club faced their worst period, unable to win any titles and even being close to dropping from the top division, playing a relegation mini-tournament in the 1981 season – which saw Tipografía Nacional go down to the Division B. The UNCAF Club Tournament is the annual international football competition held in the UNCAF region (Central America Tipografía Nacional (" Tip Nac " is a defunct football club that was based in Guatemala City, Guatemala. In 1982, Municipal struggled again, this time finishing ahead of the relegated team on goal differential. In Sports such as Ice hockey and football (soccer, goal difference (that is goals scored minus goals conceded is often the first Tiebreaker

Return to the top

Success came again in 1987, with the first league title in 11 years, won under Argentine coach Miguel Angel Brindisi. Miguel Angel Brindisi (born October 8, 1950, in the Almagro neighborhood of Buenos Aires) is an Argentine football This time, the team won three consecutive championships for the first time ever, the first two being coached by Brindisi, and the third one by Walter Ormeño. In the 1991-92 season, almost two decades after his last title with the club, Rubén Amorín, on his second tenure, took Municipal to another league title.

Municipal were close to repeating the CONCACAF success of 1974 when the Champion's Cup finals were played in the Mateo Flores in Guatemala City in December of 1993. High expectations preceded those matches, as Municipal was in good form in the local tournament, unbeaten and at the top of the table; however, the team fell short of the title: that time, Municipal played against Mexican club León, Deportivo Saprissa of Costa Rica and SV Robinhood of Suriname in a single round-robin tournament; all matches between the former three teams ended in draws, and Saprissa, who played against the weak Robinhood in the last matchday, beat the Surinamese team 9-0 and won the title on goal differential. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Club León, (simply known as León) is a professional football based in the city of Leon, Guanajuato. Deportivo Saprissa, also known as Saprissa or Deportivo Saprissa, is a Costa Rican Sports club, mostly known for its football team Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in Sport Vereniging Robinhood (as known SV Robinhood) is a Surinamese football club which currently play in Surinam's first division Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by A round-robin tournament or all-play-all tournament is a type of group tournament in which each participant plays every other participant an equal number of times Still, a fifth league championship in seven years came at the end of the 1993-94 season, under Argentine coach Horacio Cordero.

In 2000, after the league's competition format was changed to two yearly tournaments on the Apertura and Clausura fashion, Municipal won the title again after Comunicaciones had set a record by winning the previous four; Municipal surpassed that record in 2006 when they won the 2006 Apertura tournament, their fifth consecutive title, under coach Enzo Trossero. Enzo Héctor Trossero, nicknamed El Vikingo (the viking is an Argentine footballer and coach They have won 11 of the 18 titles in dispute since the current tournament's format was introduced.

Colours and crest

Initially, the team's uniform colors consisted of a red-and-black striped shirt and black shorts. [5] The colours soon changed to the current red shirt and blue shorts for home matches, and all blue for away matches, although other colors have been used for away matches.

The club's logo is based in the emblem of the Municipalidad de Guatemala, which is itself based in the original coat of arms of the city of Santiago de Los Caballeros de Guatemala, with the image of Santiago (Saint James) over the stylized scenery of the region. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people La Antigua Guatemala (commonly referred to as just Antigua or La Antigua) is a city in the central highlands of Guatemala famous for its well-preserved For people and places called Saint James, see the Saint James disambiguation page The team's version includes an image of the type of ball used at the time the club was founded, next to a blue and red striped canton in between the former two elements. Canton is a charge placed in the Upper dexter corner It is classed by some heraldic writers as one of the Honorable ordinaries; but strictly speaking The circular field is surrounded by the name of the team on a red background. In Heraldry, the background of the Shield is called the field. It is not confirmed whether the team logo is copyrighted or not.

Stadium

Throughout the years, Municipal has used the Estadio Mateo Flores as their home ground, sharing it with Comunicaciones since the 1950s until 1991, and again starting in 2005. The Estadio Nacional Mateo Flores is a multi-use National stadium in Guatemala City, the largest in Guatemala. CSD Comunicaciones is a Guatemalan football club located in Guatemala City. Other stadiums hosted Municipal in the beginning, namely the Estadio Autonomía. The Estadio La Pedrera has been used when the Mateo Flores has not been available. The Estadio Cementos Progreso, also known popularly as Estadio La Pedrera, is a multi-use stadium in Guatemala City. The Estadio Manuel Felipe Carrera, also known as "Estadio El Trébol", has been the training venue for the team, and it has been occasionally used for official matches by the club; Municipal had an undefeated streak of 33 official matches in this ground from July 9, 1991 until March 7, 2008, when they lost to Deportivo Petapa 1-0 for the 2008 Clausura tournament. Estadio El Trébol, also known as Estadio Manuel Felipe Carrera, is a Football (soccer Stadium in Guatemala City, Guatemala. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Deportivo Petapa is a Guatemalan football team playing at the top level [6]

Supporters

Municipal is believed to have the largest fan base of all Guatemalan clubs, and that their popularity have earned them nicknames like El equipo mimado de la afición (Fans' beloved team) and El equipo del pueblo (People's team). An organized group of supporters known as ultra roja (originally porra roja) has become notable since the early 1990s due to their constant chanting and their loudness; they have also been criticized due to violent confrontations with fans of other teams, especially of Comunicaciones. CSD Comunicaciones is a Guatemalan football club located in Guatemala City.

Statistics and records

Municipal has set a record in Guatemalan football by being the club that has spent the most consecutive seasons at the top division, having remained in the Liga Mayor/Liga Nacional for 69 years as of 2006-07.

The 26 national league titles won by Municipal are the most ever in Guatemala, and (as of the end of the 2007-08 season) the most ever by any CONCACAF club tied with Diriangén FC (26, Nicaraguan league) and Deportivo Saprissa (26, Costa Rican league). CONCACAF (the Confederation of North Central American and Caribbean Association Football) is the continent-wide governing body for football in North America, FC Diriangen is a Nicaraguan football team playing at the top level Primera División de Nicaragua - 2008/09 CD Bluefields Diriangén FC VCP Chinandega Managua F Deportivo Saprissa, also known as Saprissa or Deportivo Saprissa, is a Costa Rican Sports club, mostly known for its football team Teams for the 2008 Summer Season The league currently consists of the following 12 teams Group A Deportivo Saprissa Club [7]

Juan Carlos Plata is the team's all-time top goalscorer in league matches and overall. Juan Carlos Plata (born 1 January 1971 is a Guatemalan football Striker and the second highest goalscorer in the history of the Guatemala national As of March 2008, Plata has scored 253 league goals and 359 goals in all competitions with Municipal,[8] the only club he has played for.

Players

Current squad

No. Position Player
1 Flag of Guatemala GK Ronald Zavala
4 Flag of Guatemala DF Pablo Villatoro
3 Flag of Guatemala MF Pablo Melgar Torino
5 Flag of Guatemala MF Fredy Thompson
6 Flag of Guatemala DF Henry Medina
7 Flag of Guatemala DF Claudio Albizuris
8 Flag of Guatemala MF Gonzalo Romero
9 Flag of Guatemala FW Mario Acevedo
10 Flag of Guatemala MF Fredy García
11 Flag of Guatemala MF Guillermo Ramírez
12 Flag of Guatemala GK Paulo César Motta
14 Flag of Guatemala DF Selvyn Ponciano
No. In many team Sports a goalkeeper (termed goaltender netminder, goalie, or keeper in some sports In Association football (soccer a defender is a player who tries to prevent the other team from scoring For the Australian Rules position see Midfielder (Australian Rules. Pablo Melgar Torino (born January 14, 1980) is a Guatemalan football defender who currently plays for CSD Municipal of the For the Australian Rules position see Midfielder (Australian Rules. Freddy William Thompson (born June 2, 1982 in Puerto Barrios, Izabal) is a Guatemalan football defensive midfielder In Association football (soccer a defender is a player who tries to prevent the other team from scoring Henry Medina (born 16 March 1981) is a Guatemalan football defender who plays for local club CSD Municipal in the In Association football (soccer a defender is a player who tries to prevent the other team from scoring Claudio Albizuris (born 01 July 1981) is a Guatemalan football defender who plays for local club CSD Municipal in the For the Australian Rules position see Midfielder (Australian Rules. Gonzalo "Chalo" Romero (born 25 March 1975) is a Guatemalan football Midfielder who plays for Strikers, also known as forwards and attackers, are the players on a team in Association football (soccer in the row nearest to the opposing Mario "El Coyote" Acevedo (born 15 February 1969 is a Guatemalan football forward who plays for local club CSD For the Australian Rules position see Midfielder (Australian Rules. Fredy Alexander García (born 12 January 1977) is a Guatemalan professional football midfielder who plays for local club For the Australian Rules position see Midfielder (Australian Rules. Guillermo "Pando" Ramírez Ortega (born March 26, 1978 in Livingston, Guatemala) is a Guatemalan football In many team Sports a goalkeeper (termed goaltender netminder, goalie, or keeper in some sports Paulo César Motta (born 29 March 1982 is a Guatemalan football goalkeeper who plays for local club CSD Municipal in the Guatemala's In Association football (soccer a defender is a player who tries to prevent the other team from scoring Selvyn Ponciano (born 18 July 1973) is a Guatemalan football defender who plays for local club CSD Municipal in the Position Player
15 Flag of Guatemala FW Juan Carlos Plata
17 Flag of Guatemala DF German Ruano
19 Flag of Guatemala FW Marvin Ávila
20 Flag of Colombia FW Carlos Asprilla
21 Flag of Guatemala MF Carlos Figueroa
22 Flag of Guatemala GK Rony Alvarez
23 Flag of Guatemala DF Renato Blanco
24 Flag of Guatemala MF Sergio Guevara
25 Flag of Guatemala FW Mario Rodríguez
26 Flag of Guatemala FW Marwin Marroquín
27 Flag of Panama GK Jaime Penedo

Notable players

Former[9]

Active

Honours

Performance in CONCACAF competitions

1997 - Group Stage

References and notes

  1. ^ MLS report - mlsnet. Strikers, also known as forwards and attackers, are the players on a team in Association football (soccer in the row nearest to the opposing Juan Carlos Plata (born 1 January 1971 is a Guatemalan football Striker and the second highest goalscorer in the history of the Guatemala national In Association football (soccer a defender is a player who tries to prevent the other team from scoring Strikers, also known as forwards and attackers, are the players on a team in Association football (soccer in the row nearest to the opposing Marvin Tomás Ávila (born 6 December 1985) is a Guatemalan football striker who plays for local club CSD Municipal Strikers, also known as forwards and attackers, are the players on a team in Association football (soccer in the row nearest to the opposing Carlos Asprilla is a Colombian football player who started his professional career with Independiente Medellin. For the Australian Rules position see Midfielder (Australian Rules. Carlos Figueroa (born 19 April 1980 is a Guatemalan football midfielder who plays for local club CSD Municipal in the Guatemala's In many team Sports a goalkeeper (termed goaltender netminder, goalie, or keeper in some sports In Association football (soccer a defender is a player who tries to prevent the other team from scoring For the Australian Rules position see Midfielder (Australian Rules. Sergio "El Chejo" Guevara (born 07 July 1973) is a Guatemalan football Midfielder who plays Strikers, also known as forwards and attackers, are the players on a team in Association football (soccer in the row nearest to the opposing Mario Rafael Rodríguez Rodríguez (born September 14, 1981 in Guatemala City, Guatemala) is a Guatemalan Football (soccer Midfielder Strikers, also known as forwards and attackers, are the players on a team in Association football (soccer in the row nearest to the opposing In many team Sports a goalkeeper (termed goaltender netminder, goalie, or keeper in some sports Jaime Penedo (born 26 September 1981) is a Panamanian football goalkeeper who currently plays for Liga Nacional de Guatemala Strikers, also known as forwards and attackers, are the players on a team in Association football (soccer in the row nearest to the opposing In Association football (soccer a defender is a player who tries to prevent the other team from scoring For the Australian Rules position see Midfielder (Australian Rules. Benjamín Eduardo (" Mincho " Monterroso Díaz (born January 1, 1952) is a Guatemalan football Juan Manuel Funes Fernández (born May 16, 1966) popularly known as "Memín" Funes is a Guatemalan football coach Rónald Gómez (born January 24, 1975 in Puntarenas) is a Costa Rican Football (soccer forward. Juan Carlos Plata (born 1 January 1971 is a Guatemalan football Striker and the second highest goalscorer in the history of the Guatemala national Guillermo "Pando" Ramírez Ortega (born March 26, 1978 in Livingston, Guatemala) is a Guatemalan football History Its first official professional tournament took place in 1942, and succeeded what was known as the Liga Capitalina (League of the Capital The CONCACAF Champions League is the annual international football competition held in the CONCACAF region ( North America, Central The UNCAF Club Tournament is the annual international football competition held in the UNCAF region (Central America The CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup was an international Football (soccer club competition held from 1991 to 1998 com, Major League Soccer, USA, 2002.
  2. ^ (Spanish) Team report - laprensahn. com - newspaper La Prensa, Honduras, 2000.
  3. ^ (Spanish) Guatemala national league news - latribunahispana. com - La Tribuna Hispana, USA, 2006.
  4. ^ (Spanish) Guatemala, 100 años de fútbol - Municipal. Prensa Libre. Prensa Libre is a Guatemalan Newspaper published in Guatemala City by Prensa Libre S Retrieved on 2006-12-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V
  5. ^ (Spanish) Historia, Rojos del Municipal. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V - Note: Unable to retrieve direct link. Click on "Historia" on the main menu to access.
  6. ^ (Spanish) Rojos pierden el invicto en El Trébol. Prensa Libre. Prensa Libre is a Guatemalan Newspaper published in Guatemala City by Prensa Libre S Retrieved on 2008-03-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.
  7. ^ Trivia on Winning Domestic Championships. RSSSF. The RecSportSoccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF is a German amateur organization dedicated to collecting Statistics about association football. Retrieved on 2008-03-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing
  8. ^ Source: http://www.rojos.com/~csdm/aficionados/plata/index.htm
  9. ^ Player years, except for Carlos Toledo's and Juan Manuel Funes', are taken from (Spanish) http://www.angelfire.com/ms/rojosoasis/page5.html

Further reading

External links


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