CP Ships was a large Canadian container shipping company now part of Hapag Lloyd since late 2005. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers Hapag-Lloyd is a German transportation company comprising a cargo container Shipping line Hapag-Lloyd Container Line, and a cruise

The company became an independent corporation in 2001 when it was demerged by conglomerate Canadian Pacific Limited (CP) and is incorporated in Saint John, New Brunswick but headquartered in Gatwick, United Kingdom. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Canadian Pacific Limited was created in 1971 to own properties formerly owned by Canadian Pacific Railway, a transportation and mining giant in Canada Saint John is the largest city in the Province of New Brunswick, and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. Gatwick Airport is London 's second largest Airport and the second busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Its 82 ships were registered in a number countries including the UK, Bermuda, Liberia, and Germany and most of the crews were Asian. Ba (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Its primary ports remain Montreal and Vancouver.

Canadian Pacific Steamships

In 1884, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) began purchasing sailing ships as part of a railway supply service on the Great Lakes. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. In that same year, CPR received sufficient encouragement from talks with the British government in London that plans began to be formalized for establishing trans-Pacific steamship routes between Vancouver and the Far East. ^[1]

The trans-Pacific services of Canadian Pacific were begun by Sir William Cornelius Van Horne, the Dutch-American builder of the railroad network in 1887. Sir William Cornelius Van Horne KCMG (b February 3 1843 &ndash d In that year, Sir William chartered three vessels -- the SS Abyssinia, the SS Parthia, and the SS Batavia -- as a beginning of the CP fleet. Orders were placed for three new ships to be built to CP specifications; and the first of the Empress ships were in regular service by the beginning of the next decade. ^[2]

In 1891, CPR adopted a new name -- the Canadian Pacific Steamship Company (CPSC). ^[3] The CPSC became one of the many shipping companies operating in and out of Liverpool. This branch of the CPR expanded as people emigrating from Europe to North America provided a larger number of passengers and the company also started holiday cruises. Like other shipping companies, CPSC built larger ships to cope with the demand. ^[4]

In the late 19th century, CPR initiated an ocean-going service between the port of Vancouver, British Columbia and Hong Kong, with calls at Japan and China, and later at Manila, Philippine Islands and Honolulu, Hawaii. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders This service provided a link for CPR's transcontinental railroad passenger and freight services. Transcontinental Railroad is a Railroad that crosses a Continent from "coast-to-coast" During 1887, temporary steamship service was initiated on a Vancouver-Yokohama-Hong Kong route. ^[5] From 1887 through 1941, the Canadian Pacific Railway provided steamship service between Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and Hong Kong with calls at Japan and China, and later at Manila, Philippine Islands and Honolulu, Hawaii. Three ships were built at Barrow-in-Furness in England, and the three sailed together towards Vancouver in 1890, with initial voyages projected for January 15th, February 15th, and March 15th of the new year. An 11-foot scale model of the ship was put on display in Canadian Pacific's New York offices. In an effort to lure American Chinese passengers to sail with CPR from North America to Shanghai and Hong Kong, prominent members of the Chinese community in New York were invited to examine the scale model and its amenities. ^[6]

In 1887, steamship routes between Vancouver and Australia were initiated. ^[7] Cunard sold three ships to CPR for the Australian route -- the SS Abyssynia, the SS Parthia, and the SS Batavia. ^[8]

Fleet expansion

In 1891, CPR and the British government reached agreement on a contract for subsidized mail service between Britain and Hong Kong via Canada. ^[9] The route began to be serviced by three specially designed Empress liners -- the RMS Empress of China and the RMS Empress of India. Royal Mail Ship This Empress enjoyed the " RMS " meaning "Royal Mail Ship Royal Mail Ship This Empress enjoyed the " RMS " meaning "Royal Mail Ship Each of these "Empress" steamships sailed regularly in the period from 1891 through 1912. In that year, the Empress of China struck a reef near Tokyo, and she was subsequently towed to Yokohama where she was scrapped. The Empress of India would continue in service through 1914. The third of the three original empresses, the RMS Empress of Japan, sailed regularly from 1891 through 1922. Royal Mail Ship This Empress enjoyed the " RMS " meaning "Royal Mail Ship These three ships and the others which comprised the "Empress fleet" carried mail, passengers, and freight speedily across the Pacific for over half a century. ^[10]

Three steamships docked together -- the SS Empress of France, the SS Empress of India, and SS Empress of Britan (1926). History This ship was the first North Atlantic liner with a cruiser stern History The ship's keel was laid down to be the SS Washington but she was renamed SS Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm before her launch History The Empress of Britain was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding in Govan near Glasgow, Scotland Note the curved bow of the 1891 Empress of Britain in contrast with the straight-sided bows of the newer ships in the CP fleet.

In 1903 the company began operating ships on the Atlantic between Halifax, Nova Scotia and the United Kingdom. The City of Halifax (est 1841 is the capital of the province of Nova Scotia and shire town of Halifax County The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In 1906, two vessels were built in England, the SS Empress of Scotland and SS Empress of Ireland. These two practical vessels would gain quite a lot of fame. They each had a full capacity of 1,530 Passengers. There was accommodations for 310 First Class Passengers and 470 Second Class Passengers for people traveling back and forth between Canada and Europe, along with a large capacity for immigrants. The two sisters each had accommodations for 500 Third Class Passengers (Berthed in simple four-berth cabins) and 250 Steerage Passengers (Berthed in vast dormitories) The Canadian Pacific Line had much immigration from Europe to Canada, primarily from Great Britain and Scandinavia. The sisters achieved much unwanted fame after the Empress of Ireland sank in 1914 after a collision with the Norwegian freighter Storstad. In all, 1,012 of the 1,477 Passengers and Crew aboard her were drowned as she ship foundered in the St. Lawrence River in just 14 minutes after the collision.

In 1915, the business had grown to the point where it was spun off into a separate entity formally known as the Canadian Pacific Steamships Ocean Services Ltd. ^[11]

The new company acquired the successful Allan Line and expanded to become a major international cargo carrier and operators of luxury passenger liners such as the Empress of Britain and the Empress of Canada. The Allan Line was founded in 1854 as the "Montreal Ocean Steamship Company" An ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one Seaport to another along regular long-distance Maritime routes according to a schedule History Work began on the Empress of Britain on November 28, 1928 when the first plates of her keel were laid at the John Brown & Co History Sister ship to the SS ''Duchess of York'', SS ''Duchess of Bedford'' and SS ''Duchess of Atholl'', she was built as the Duchess of Richmond

Like other shipping companies, Canadian Pacific provided ships to carry troops in both World Wars. In WWI, some ships were refitted as Armed merchantmen. Armed Merchantmen has come to mean merchant ships equipped with guns usually for defensive purposes either by design or after the fact In WWII, the CP fleet carried over a million tons of cargo and a million troops and civilians during the Second World War. ^[4]

In each of the post-war periods, the company sought to compensate for ships lost at sea by expanding its fleet.

Over time, the passenger steamship business changed. By the 1950s, rapidly growing competition from airlines began to cut into the business and the company diversified into tanker fleets and bulk carriers. An airline provides air transport services for Passengers or Freight, generally with a recognized operating certificate or license

The Canadian Pacific fleet expanded in bursts, responding to changed economic conditions and perceived changes in the market for passenger liner travel. The evolution of the CP fleet mirrors some of those developments. The dates of maiden voyages are indicated each ship's name. ^[12]

Notable CP figures

Ronald Stuart receiving his VC from King George V outside Buckingham Palace

• Captain Ronald Niel Stuart VC DSO RD RNR (1886-1954) was highly decorated for his service in the Royal Navy during the first World War I. Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Ronald Niel Stuart See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for The Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve ( RD) is a medal awarded in the Royal Naval Reserve of the United Kingdom to officers who have spent The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) ^[13] In addition to his British decorations, he was honored with the French Croix de Guerre and the United States' Navy Cross while serving in the Royal Navy during the First Battle of the Atlantic. The Croix de Guerre (sometimes lowercase in French Croix de guerre, meaning "Cross of War" is a military decoration of both France and The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. The First Battle of the Atlantic ( 1914 &ndash 1918) was a naval campaign of World War I, largely fought in the seas around the British The remainder of his naval career was spent with Canadian Pacific. A special warrant was written in 1927 which allowed him to fly the Blue Ensign from any ship, mercantile or military, which he commanded. The Blue Ensign is a Flag, one of several British ensigns, used by certain organisations or territories associated with the United Kingdom. ^[14] In 1934, he was named Commodore of the CPS fleet and was placed in command of the 42,000 ton liner RMS Empress of Britain on her transatlantic route. Commodore is a Military rank used in many navies for officers whose position exceeds that of a navy captain, but is less than History Work began on the Empress of Britain on November 28, 1928 when the first plates of her keel were laid at the John Brown & Co In 1937, he was promoted to company superintendent, a role followed by the job of general manager at Canadian Pacific's London office. He retained this job for 13 years, including through the difficult experiences of World War II when London's dockyards were badly damaged by the London Blitz. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Blitz was the sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941 in World War II. During this period, he was made a part-time naval aide-de-camp to King George VI in 1941 – a position he held part–time throughout World War II. An aide-de-camp ( French for camp assistant) is a personal assistant secretary or Adjutant to a person of high rank usually a senior military officer World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ^[15]

• Captain Samuel Robinson KBE (1870-1958) served 37 years at sea on Canadian Pacific vessels. Sir Samuel Robinson KBE (1870-1958 born in Hull England was an early 20th century British-Canadian mariner a Commander in the Royal Naval Reserve established The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. He earned international acclaim as captain of the RMS Empress of Australia which was at Yokohama in Tokyo Bay during the devastating Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923. is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture, located in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshū and is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area is a bay in the southern Kantō region of Japan. Its old name was. The struck the Kantō plain on the Japanese main island of Honshū at 1158 on the morning of September 1, 1923. He would be credited with saving the ship, his crew and passengers, and more than 3,000 others during the unfolding catastrophe. ^[16] Robinson's honors included Commander of the British Empire (CBE);^[17] Knight Commander of the British Empire (KBE);^[16] Order of the Chrysanthemum (Japan);^[18] Order of St John of Jerusalem, the Silver Medal (UK);^[17] Lloyd's Medal for Meritorious Service (UK);^[17] Medal of Honour, Red Ribbon Medal (Japan);^[17] Order of the White Elephant (Siam);^[16] Cross of the Second Class of the Order of Naval Merit (with white badge) (Spain). The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (大勲位菊花章 daikun'i kikkashō, literally Grand Order of the Badge of the Chrysanthemums) is Japan 's Order of the Elephant (the highest Order of Chivalry of Denmark The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant is the most awarded order of Thailand. ^[19]

• Captain John Wallace Thomas CBE (1888 - 1965) served with distinction in both first and second World Wars. Captain John Wallace Thomas CBE (1888 - 1965 was a Newfoundland merchant mariner who served with distinction in the First and Second World The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his handling of the SS SS Empress of Scotland during an attack by the Luftwaffe off the coast of Ireland on November 9, 1940. Concept and construction By the 1920s the Canadian Pacific conglomerate had established a sea/rail connection between Europe and the Far East ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Captain Thomas was the only member of the Canadian merchant navy to have been honored with the CBE during that war.

CP Ships

In 1971, the company changed its name to CP Ships Ltd.

In 1984 it entered a joint venture with Compagnie Maritime Belge called Canada Maritime to secure North Atlantic container traffic for its rail facilities in Montreal. The Compagnie Maritime Belge (CMB is one of the oldest Antwerp Ship-owners History The CMB was founded in 1895 under the name Compagnie Belge This "new" company prospered and the fortunes of CP Ships revived in the early 1990s and in 1993 Canadian Pacific bought out its partner in Canada Maritime, and that company was merged in CP Ships reviving the fleet. The next decade saw the company grow through acquisition. In April 1995 CP Ships purchased the Cast Group out of a bankruptcy proceeding, and subsequently bought Lykes Lines in July 1997 also out of bankruptcy, Contship Containerlines in October 1997 at a profitable level, Australia-New Zealand Direct Line in December 1998 also being profitable, Ivaran Lines in May 1998 (unprofitable), TMM Lines (unprofitable, 50 % in January 1999, rest 50 % in January 2000), in August 2000 Christensen Canadian African Lines (CCAL) at small profitability and Italia Line in August 2002 at breakeven business results. Contship Containerlines was a global container carrier operating from 1969 to 2005 in the India / Pakistan, Levant, Australia / New Zealand Ivarans Rederi AS was a merchant steamship company founded in Norway by Mr The Italian Line or Italia Line, also known as the Società di navigazione Italia, was a passenger shipping line that operated regular transatlantic service between In Economics, specifically Cost accounting, the break-even point (BEP is the point at which cost or expenses and revenue are equal there is no net loss or gain By 2001 it was the seventh largest carrier in the world, and dominated the North Atlantic. When it was spun off into a separate company it represented 8% of Canadian Pacific's revenues and was a source for a large portion of CPR's rail traffic - much originating from CP Ships' Montreal Gateway Terminals.

Soon after gaining its independence the company suffered from a general economic slowdown, however it recovered much faster than its competitors and returned to profitability in 2002. By 2004 the global shipping industry was booming, and consolidating, and CP became the target of a number of take over rumours.

During its independence, CP Ships operated its seven distinct brands (Ivaran and CCAL were not operated as brands after takeover but were absorbed into the Lykes brand) and used the slogan "Regional Focus, Global Scale. " However, prior to being bought-out by Hapag Lloyd, CP Ships had already made the decision to get rid of the brand identities and operate solely with the CP Ships brand. For the CP Ships brand they had mostly unlogoed (some had the flag on the back door but no wording) CPSU brown dry box containers as well as refrigerated containers.

TUI AG-Hapag-Lloyd

On August 21, 2005, German conglomerate TUI AG offered to acquire CP Ships Limited for €1. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A conglomerate is a large Company that consists of seemingly unrelated Business sections TUI AG (Touristik Union International ( is a German based company Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e 7 billion (US$2. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 0 billion) in cash, and merge it with TUI's Hapag-Lloyd division. Hapag-Lloyd is a German transportation company comprising a cargo container Shipping line Hapag-Lloyd Container Line, and a cruise

On August 30, 2005, Ship Acquisition Incorporated, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of TUI AG made a formal offer for 100% of CP Ships shares. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and The deal was approved by the boards of both CP Ships and TUI AG and was presented to CP Ships shareholders for approval. [1]

On October 19, 2005 CP Ships and TUI AG jointly announced that 89. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. 1% of CP Ships shareholders, representing 84,095,325 common shares, had accepted Ship Acquisition Inc. 's August 30 offer. The shares were to be taken up the following day October 20, followed by payment of $21. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony 50 USD per share on October 25, 2005. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a [2] Following the purchase and merger, TUI AG's combined Hapag-Lloyd and CP Ships fleet will comprise the fifth largest by capacity in the worldwide container shipping market.

International identifiers

SCAC codes

CP Ships (UK) Limited: CPSU
CP Ships USA, LLC: CPSP
Hapag-Lloyd: HLCU and HLXU

Operator Codes

CP Ships (UK) Limited: CPS
CP Ships USA, LLC: CPP
Hapag-Lloyd: HLL

9000 Series Codes

Hapag-Lloyd: 9529

BIC Codes

CP Ships: CPSU
Hapag-Lloyd: HLCU, HLXU
ex Australian New Zealand Direct Line: AZLU
ex CAST Line: CASU
ex Canada Maritime: CMUU
ex Contship Containerlines: CSQU, HAMU, PLVU, CLGU, TLEU, PSBU, PCRU, FANU (Fantainer)
ex Federacion Maritima: FMGU
ex Ivaran Lines: IVLU
ex Italia Line: ITAU
ex Lykes Lines: LYKU
ex Tecomar: TEMU
ex Transportacion Martima Mexicana: TMMU

See also

• Queen of the Pacific
• SS Mount Temple

Notes

References

• Official website - page offline - please refer to History of CP Ships
• The Role of the CP Ships in World War II
• CP Ships: Press release - CP Ships Accepts Offer for US $2 Billion in Cash, 21. August 2005
• CP Ships: Press release - TUI extends CP Ships Offer Regulatory approvals obtained in Canada and the U.S., 07. October 2005
• CP Ships: Press release - EU Approves TUI's Proposed Acquisition of CP Ships China Review Period Expires, 12. October 2005
• CP Ships: Press release - All Regulatory Approvals Regarding TUI'S Proposed Acquisition of CP Ships Obtained or Waived, 17. October 2005
• CP Ships: Press release - TUI Offer For CP Ships Successful, 19. October 2005
• CP Ships: Press release - Update on Successful TUI Offer For CP Ships, 19. October 2005
• CP Ships: Press release - CP Ships Completes Amalgamation Resulting in TUI Owning 100% of CP Ships, 21. December 2005
• CP Ships: Press release - CP Ships CEO Ray Miles and CFO Ian Webber to Step Down As Executive Management is Restructured, 29. December 2005
• EDGAR^® Online: CP Ships Limited - Revised 2003 Annual Information Form, 07. September 2004

• Snelling, Stephen. 2002. The Naval VCs. Stroud, Gloustershire: Sutton. The History Press is one the UK’s largest local and specialist history publishers 10-ISBN 0-750-91395-9; 13-ISBN 978-0-750-91395-9

External links

• White Empress fleet list: 20 vessels