| Central Electricity Generating Board | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Type | Now Defunct |
| Founded | 1957 |
| Headquarters | United Kingdom |
| Industry | Energy |
| Broken up into National Grid Company, National Power, Powergen and later Nuclear Electric | |
The Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) was the cornerstone of the British electricity industry for almost 40 years, from 1957 to privatisation in the 1990s. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" In Physics and other Sciences energy (from the Greek grc ἐνέργεια - Energeia, "activity operation" from grc ἐνεργός National Grid plc ( is an international London -based utilities company which also operates in other countries principally its wholly owned subsidiary in the United States National Power Plc was formerly an Energy company based in the United Kingdom. EON UK is an energy company in the United Kingdom and a subsidiary of E Nuclear Electric was formed as a result of the privisation of the UK Electricity Supply Industry The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the Public sector (government to the Private sector (business It replaced the Central Electricity Authority which itself had replaced the British Electricity Authority
Because of its origins in the immediate post-war period, (when electricity demand grew rapidly, but plant and fuel availability was often unreliable), most of the industry saw its mission to provide an adequate and secure electricity supply ('to keep the lights on') rather than necessarily pursuing the cheapest generation route. The Central Electricity Authority (CEA was a United Kingdom the body that ran the electricity supply industry in England and Wales between 1954 and 1957 The British Electricity Authority (BEA was established in 1948 with the Nationalisation of the Great Britain 's electricity supply industry
The CEGB was created from the Central Electricity Authority (formerly the British Electricity Authority) in 1957. The Central Electricity Authority (CEA was a United Kingdom the body that ran the electricity supply industry in England and Wales between 1954 and 1957 The British Electricity Authority (BEA was established in 1948 with the Nationalisation of the Great Britain 's electricity supply industry The Electricity Council was also formed at that time, as a policy making body for the Electricity Supply Industry. The Electricity Council was a governmental body set up in 1957 to oversee the United Kingdom 's electricity supply industry.
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Responsibilities
Under the nationalised structure the CEGB was responsible for electricity generation in England and Wales, whilst in Scotland electricity generation was carried out by the South of Scotland Electricity Board and the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board. History The Roman occupation of Britain was the first period in which the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit (with the exception The South of Scotland Electricity Board, was formed as a result of the Electricity Reorganisation (Scotland Act 1954. The North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board (1943 - 1990 was founded to design construct and manage Hydroelectricity projects in the Highlands of Scotland
The organisation was unusual in that most of its senior staff were professional engineers (see Cochrane's monograph), but with excellent support in financial and risk-management areas.
Some people feel that it represented the best of Government planning, others feel that it had become a monolith that exemplified the worst aspects of central planning, and was ripe for reform. A planned economy or directed economy is an Economic system in which the Government or Workers' councils manages the Economy. It is probably the case that, in its most successful period, up until the mid 1970s, it was managed in a way broadly comparable to large private-sector energy majors such as BP, but that it was late to respond to the changed pattern of energy growth following the second oil crisis. BP plc, previously known as British Petroleum, is the third largest global Energy company, a multinational oil company (" Oil major The 1979 (or second) oil crisis in the United States occurred in the wake of the Iranian Revolution.
Structure
Control of the National Grid
At the centre of the CEGBs infrastructure was the National Control Room of the National Grid, located in London, which was part of the control hierarchy for the system at that time. There were also both Area and District Grid Control Control Rooms, which were originally located at Newcastle, Leeds, Manchester, Nottingham, Birmingham, St Albans, East Grinstead and Bristol. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England Nottingham ( is a city in the Ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um St Albans is the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans in southern Hertfordshire, England, around north of central London. East Grinstead (archaically spelt Grimstead) is a town and Civil parish in the northeastern corner of Mid Sussex, West Sussex in England Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London The shift Control Engineers who worked in these control rooms would cost, schedule and load dispatch an economic commitment of generation to the main interconnected system (the 400/275/132kV network) at an adequate level of security. They also had information about the running costs and availability of every power producing plant in England and Wales. Electricity generation is the process of converting non-electrical Energy to Electricity. It was, at these control centres that they would constantly anticipate demand, monitor and instruct the power stations to either produce or reduce electricity production, or stop producing electricity altogether. They used what was known as the "merit order" which established a system of ranking each generator in the power stations based upon how much they cost to produce electricity. The objective was to ensure that electricity production was always achieved at the lowest possible cost.
Research and Development
The CEGB had an extensive R&D section with its three principal laboratories at: Leatherhead (Central Electricity Research Laboratory, CERL); Marchwood Engineering Laboratory (MEL); and, Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories (BNL). The phrase research and development (also R and D or more often R&D) according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers Leatherhead is a small town in the County of Surrey, England, on the River Mole. Marchwood is a Village located in Hampshire, UK. It lies between Totton and Hythe Berkeley (ˈbɑːkli is a town between the south bank of the River Severn and the M5 motorway within the Stroud district of Gloucestershire There were also at one time, five regional facilities.
Privatisation
Although electricity privatisation began in 1990, the CEGB continued to exist until The Central Electricity Generating Board (Dissolution) Order 2001, a Statutory Instrument, came into force on 9 November 2001. In Law, a Statutory Instrument is a form of delegated or Secondary legislation. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
The present electricity market in the UK was built upon the breakup of the CEGB initially into two generating companies and the National Grid Company. An electricity market is a system for effecting the purchase and sale of electricity using Supply and demand to set the price National Grid plc ( is an international London -based utilities company which also operates in other countries principally its wholly owned subsidiary in the United States So National Grid , PowerGen and National Power were privatised in the early 1990s. EON UK is an energy company in the United Kingdom and a subsidiary of E National Power Plc was formerly an Energy company based in the United Kingdom. However the privatisation process was delayed as the Nuclear component in National Power was removed and vested in a new company called Nuclear Electric. National Power Plc was formerly an Energy company based in the United Kingdom. Thus all the Nuclear Power Stations were held in public ownership for a number of years, before merging parts of Nuclear Electric with Scottish Nuclear in 1995 and privatising the new company British Energy in 1996. British Energy plc ( is the UK 's largest electricity generator by volume and a constituent company of the FTSE 100 Index. A proportion of the old CEGB's nuclear stations, its older Magnox reactors, remained in public ownership as Magnox Electric, and were later combined with BNFL. For other uses of the term see Magnox (disambiguation. Magnox is a now obsolete type of nuclear power reactor which was designed British Nuclear Fuels plc or BNFL manufactures and transports nuclear fuel (notably MOX) runs reactors generates and sells Electricity, reprocesses and
Powergen is now owned by the German utility company E.ON. EON AG ( an energy corporation based in Düsseldorf, Germany, is the largest of the 30 members of the DAX Stock index of major National Power split into a UK business, Innogy, now owned by the German utility company RWE, and an international business, International Power. The company RWE is not related to Ralph Waldo Emerson. RWE AG (until 1990 Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk International Power plc ( is an international Electricity generator formed in 2000 by the demerger of National Power.
See also
- Timeline of the UK electricity supply industry
- Energy policy of the United Kingdom
- Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom
References
- Rob Cochrane (with additional research by Maryanna Schaefer) (1990). The electricity supply industry in the United Kingdom began in the late 1870s originally for the purpose of providing Street lighting. For energy use in practice see Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom The current Energy Policy of the United Kingdom is set For Government policy see Energy policy of the United Kingdom Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom has been receiving increased The CEGB Story. CEGB.
- The Central Electricity Generating Board (Dissolution) Order 2001 full text.
- IEA / OECD (2005): "Lessons from Liberalised Electricity Markets"
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