C. Lloyd Morgan (Conwy Lloyd Morgan) (6 February 1852 - 6 March 1936) was a British psychologist. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and He is best remembered for the experimental approach to animal psychology, now known as "Morgan's canon". Coined by 19th-century British psychologist C Lloyd Morgan, Morgan's Canon (more usually called Lloyd Morgan's Canon, or occasionally Morgan's Canon of
Lloyd Morgan was born in London and studied at the Royal School of Mines and subsequently under T. H. Huxley. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Royal School of Mines comprises the departments of Earth Science and Engineering, and Materials at Imperial College London. Thomas Henry Huxley PC FRS (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895 was an English Biologist, known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy He taught in Cape Town, but in 1884 joined the staff of the then University College, Bristol as Professor of Geology and Zoology, and carried out some research of local interest in those fields. Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year the University (or derivatives but lower-case when referring to many universitiesor universities Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Zoology (from Greek ζῷον, zoon, "animal" + λόγος, " Logos " "knowledge" is the branch of But he quickly became interested in the field he called "mental evolution", the borderland between intelligence and instinct, and in 1901 moved to become the college's first Professor of Psychology and Education. Intelligence (also called intellect) is an Umbrella term used to describe a property of the Mind that encompasses many related abilities such as the capacities Instinct is the inherent disposition of a living Organism toward a particular Behavior. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting
As a specialised form of Occam's razor, Morgan's canon played a critical role in the growth of behaviourism in twentieth century academic psychology. Occam's razor (sometimes spelled Ockham's razor) is a principle attributed to the 14th-century English Logician and Franciscan Friar, Behaviorism or Behaviourism, also called the learning perspective (where any physical action is a behavior is a philosophy of Psychology based on the The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The canon states In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher mental faculty, if it can be interpreted as the exercise of one which stands lower in the psychological scale. For example, an entity should only be considered conscious if there is no other explanation for its behaviour. Consciousness has been defined loosely as a constellation of attributes of Mind such as Subjectivity, Self-awareness, Sentience, and the As the study of animal cognition has become popular, a disciplined use of Lloyd Morgan's canon has become important. Animal cognition is the title given to a modern approach to the mental capacities of (non-human Animals.
The development of Morgan's canon derived partly from his careful observations of behaviour, which provided convincing examples of cases where behaviour that seemed to imply higher mental processes could in fact be explained by simple trial and error learning (what we would now call operant conditioning). An example is the skilful way in which his terrier Tony opened the garden gate, easily understood as an insightful act by someone seeing the final behaviour. A terrier is a Dog of any one of many breeds or Landraces of terrier type which are typically small wiry very active and fearless dogs (for other uses see Insight (disambiguation Insight can be used with several related meanings *a piece of information *the Lloyd Morgan, however, had watched and recorded the series of approximations by which the dog had gradually learned the response, and could demonstrate that no insight was required to explain it.
As well as his scientific work, Lloyd Morgan was active in academic administration. He became Principal of the University College, Bristol, in 1891 and consequently played a central role in the campaign to secure it full university status. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1909, when, with the award of a Royal Charter, the college became the University of Bristol, he was appointed as its first Vice-Chancellor,[1] an office he held for a year before deciding to become Professor of Psychology and Ethics until his retirement in 1919. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company the University (or derivatives but lower-case when referring to many universitiesor universities A Vice-Chancellor (commonly called the VC) of a University in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [2] He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1926 to 1927. The Aristotelian Society for the Systematic Study of Philosophy (more generally known as the Aristotelian Society) was founded at a meeting on 19 April He died in Hastings. Hastings is a town on the coast of East Sussex in England; it is also the administrative centre for the Borough of the same name
Following retirement, Morgan delivered a series of Gifford Lectures at St. Andrews in 1921 and 1922. The Gifford Lectures were established by the will of Adam Lord Gifford (died 1887) The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between In them he helped develop the concept of emergent evolution. Emergent evolution is the Hypothesis that in the course of Evolution, some entirely new properties such as Life and Consciousness, appear at
References
- ^ Bristol University - Former Officers. University of Bristol. Retrieved on 2007-06-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
- ^ Papers of the University of Bristol. Archives Hub. Retrieved on 2007-06-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
Books
- Emergent Evolution (1923). Henry Holt and Co. , ISBN 0-40460468-4, online version
- Life, Mind, and Spirit (1925). Henry Holt
External links
| Preceded by (None) |
Vice-Chancellor of the University of Bristol 1909 |
Succeeded by Sir Isambard Owen |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Morgan, Conwy Lloyd |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Psychologist, originator of Morgan's canon. the University (or derivatives but lower-case when referring to many universitiesor universities Sir Herbert Isambard Owen (1857-1927 was a University academic Mental health professional A psychologist is a practitioner of Psychology, the systematic investigation of the mind including Behavior, Cognition, Coined by 19th-century British psychologist C Lloyd Morgan, Morgan's Canon (more usually called Lloyd Morgan's Canon, or occasionally Morgan's Canon of |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 6 February 1852 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | London |
| DATE OF DEATH | Hastings |
| PLACE OF DEATH | 6 March 1936 |
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