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C-5 Galaxy
Type Strategic airlifter
Manufacturer Lockheed-Georgia Co.
Maiden flight 30 June 1968
Introduction June 1970
Status Operational
Active: 33
Reserve: 45
ANG: 30[1]
Primary user United States Air Force
Produced C-5A: 1968-1973
C-5B: 1985-1989
Number built 131 (C-5A: 81, C-5B: 50)
Unit cost US$167. An airlift is the organized delivery of supplies primarily via Aircraft. An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The Lockheed Corporation (originally Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company was an American aerospace company founded in 1912 which merged with Martin Marietta The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1968: Events January January 21 - a US Air Force B-52 Stratofortress This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1970: Events January January 31 - Mikhail Mil dies aged 61 This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1968: Events January January 21 - a US Air Force B-52 Stratofortress This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1973: Events Icelandair established This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1985: Events Ryanair founded initially as a full-service carrier This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1989: Events January January 4 - US Navy F-14 Tomcats 7 million (C-5B)

The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy is an American military transport aircraft built by Lockheed. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A cargo aircraft (also known as freighters or freight aircraft) is an Fixed-wing aircraft designed or converted for the carriage of goods rather The Lockheed Corporation (originally Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company was an American aerospace company founded in 1912 which merged with Martin Marietta It was designed to provide strategic heavy airlift over intercontinental distances and to carry outsize and oversize cargo. An airlift is the organized delivery of supplies primarily via Aircraft. Outsize cargo is cargo defined by the United States Military as Cargo which would exceed the cargo capabilities of the C-141B aircraft and would require Oversize cargo is a single item that exceeds the usable dimensions of a 463L master pallet (104 inches length x 84 inches width x 96 inches height for military aircraft The C-5 Galaxy has been operated by the United States Air Force since 1969 and is one of the largest military aircraft in the world. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A military aircraft is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing Aircraft that is in the current employ of a Military power

Contents

Development

Background

In 1961, several aircraft companies began studying heavy jet transport designs that would replace the C-133 transport and complement C-141 Starlifters. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In addition to higher overall performance, the US Army wanted a transport with a larger cargo bay than the C-141, whose interior was too small to carry a variety of their outsized equipment. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. These studies led to the "CX-4" design concept, but in 1962 the proposed six-engine design was rejected, because it was not viewed as a significant advance over the C-141.

By late 1963, the next conceptual design was named CX-X. It was equipped with four engines, instead of six engines in the earlier CX-4 concept. The CX-X had a gross weight of 550,000 pounds (249,000 kg), a maximum payload of 180,000 pounds (81,600 kg) and a speed of Mach 0. 75 (500 mph/805 km/h). The cargo compartment was 17. 2 feet (5. 24 m) wide by 13. 5 feet (4. 11 m) high and 100 feet (30. 5 m) long with front and rear access doors. [2] In order to provide the required power and range with only four engines, a new engine with dramatically improved fuel economy would be needed. Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance.

The criteria were finalized and an official Request for Proposal was sent out in April 1964 for the "Heavy Logistics System" (CX-HLS) (previously CX-X). In May 1964, proposals for aircraft were received from Boeing, Douglas, General Dynamics, Lockheed, and Martin Marietta. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E The Douglas Aircraft Company was an American Aerospace manufacturer, based in Long Beach California. General Dynamics Corporation ( is a defense conglomerate formed by Mergers and Divestitures and as of 2008 it is the fifth largest Defense contractor The Lockheed Corporation (originally Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company was an American aerospace company founded in 1912 which merged with Martin Marietta Martin Marietta Corporation was founded in 1961 through the Merger of The Martin Company and American-Marietta Corporation. Proposals for engines were received from General Electric, Curtiss-Wright Corporation, and Pratt & Whitney. GE Aviation, a subsidiary of General Electric, is headquartered in Evendale Ohio (a Cincinnati suburb The Curtiss-Wright Corporation ( was once a leading Aircraft manufacturer of the United States, but has since become a component manufacturer specializing in Pratt & Whitney is an American Aircraft engine manufacturer of products widely used in both civil and military aircraft. After a downselect, Boeing, Douglas and Lockheed were given additional study contracts for the airframe, along with General Electric and Pratt and Whitney for the engines.

All three of the designs shared a number of features. In particular, all three placed the cockpit well above the cargo area so that in a crash the cargo would not crush the crew as it moved forward. The Boeing and Douglas designs used a "pod" on the top of the fuselage containing the cockpit, while the Lockheed design extended the cockpit line the length of the fuselage, giving it an egg-shaped cross section. All of the designs featured swept wings, T-tails, and front and rear cargo doors allowing simultaneous loading and unloading. A swept-wing is a wing Planform common on high-speed Aircraft, with the wing swept back instead of being set at right angles to the Fuselage. A T-tail is an aircraft tail stabilizer arrangement in which the horizontal surfaces ( Tailplane and elevators are mounted to the top of the

In 1965 Lockheed's aircraft design and General Electric's engine design were selected for the new transport. [2]

Into production

The first C-5A Galaxy (number 66-8303) was rolled out of the manufacturing plant in Marietta, Georgia on March 2, 1968. Marietta is a City located in central Cobb County Georgia, and is its County seat. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On June 30, 1968 Lockheed-Georgia Co. began flight testing its new Galaxy C-5A heavy transport with the aircraft's first flight taking to the air under the call-sign "eight-three O three heavy". Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Lockheed Corporation (originally Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company was an American aerospace company founded in 1912 which merged with Martin Marietta

Upon completion of testing the first C-5A was transferred to the Transitional Training Unit at Altus Air Force Base, OK, in December 1969. Altus Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located within the corporate city limits of its namesake Altus Oklahoma. Lockheed then delivered the first operational Galaxy to the 437th Airlift Wing, Charleston Air Force Base, SC, in June 1970. The 437th Airlift Wing ( 437 AW) is a wing of the United States Air Force based out of Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina Charleston Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base in North Charleston, South Carolina under the control of the Air Mobility Command

In the early 1970s, the C-5 was considered for the role of Shuttle Carrier Aircraft to transport the Space Shuttle to Kennedy Space Center by NASA, but rejected in favor of the Boeing 747 due in part to the 747's low-wing design. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called Space Transportation System ( STS) is the United States government's current manned Launch The John F Kennedy Space Center ( KSC) is the NASA Space vehicle launch facility and Launch Control Center ( Spaceport) on The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In contrast, the Soviet Union chose to transport its shuttles using the high-winged An-225, which is derived from the An-124, which is very similar to the C-5 in terms of design and function. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

During static and fatigue testing, cracks in the wings occurred before completion of testing. All C-5A aircraft were restricted to 80% of maximum design loads. To reduce wing loading, load alleviation systems were added to the aircraft. [3] By 1980, payloads were restricted to as low as 50,000 lb (23,000 kg) for general cargo during peacetime operations. To restore full payload capability and service life, a program to rewing the 76 C-5As began in 1976. After design and testing of the new wing design, the C-5As received their new wings from 1980 to 1987. [4]

The first C-5B was delivered to Altus Air Force Base in January 1986. In April 1989, the last of 50 C-5B aircraft was added to the 77 C-5As in the Air Force's airlift force structure. The C-5B includes all C-5A improvements and numerous additional system modifications to improve reliability and maintainability. [5]

In 1998, the Avionics Modernization Program (AMP) began upgrading the C-5's avionics to include a glass cockpit, navigation equipment, and a new autopilot system. [6] Another part of the C-5 modernization effort is the Reliability Enhancement and Re-engining Program (RERP). The program will mainly replace the engines with newer, more powerful ones. Three C-5s are to undergo RERP as a test with full production planned to begin in May 2008. [7]

Design

The forward section of the C-5 Galaxy lifts open to allow loading of bulky items such as the Super Scorpio robotic rescue vehicles.
The forward section of the C-5 Galaxy lifts open to allow loading of bulky items such as the Super Scorpio robotic rescue vehicles. The Scorpio Craft for Ocean Repair Position Inspection and Observation is a brand of underwater submersible remotely operated Deep Submergence Vehicle manufactured

The C-5 is a large high-wing cargo aircraft. It has a distinctive high T-tail, 25 degree wing sweep, and four TF39 turbofan engines mounted on pylons beneath the wings. A T-tail is an aircraft tail stabilizer arrangement in which the horizontal surfaces ( Tailplane and elevators are mounted to the top of the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine The C-5 is similar in appearance to its smaller predecessor, the C-141 Starlifter. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The C-5 has 12 internal wing tanks and is equipped for aerial refueling. Aerial refueling, also called air refueling, in-flight refueling ( IFR) air-to-air refueling ( AAR) or tanking, is It has both nose and aft doors for "drive-through" loading and unloading of cargo. [8]

The C-5 features a cargo compartment 121 feet long, 13. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 5 feet high, and 19 feet wide (37 m by 4. 1 m by 5. 8 m), or just over 31,000 ft³ (880 m³). The compartment can accommodate up to 36 463L master pallets or a mix of palletized cargo and vehicles. The HCU-6/E or 463L Master Pallet is a standardized Pallet used for transporting military air cargo The cargo hold of the C-5 is actually a foot longer than the length of the first powered flight by the Wright Brothers' flyer at Kitty Hawk. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The nose and aft doors open the full width and height of the cargo compartment to permit faster and easier loading. Ramps are full width at each end for loading double rows of vehicles. The volume of unusable space in a C-5's tail assembly (aft of the ramp) is larger than the available cargo space of a C-130 Hercules. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [8]

It has an upper deck seating area for 73 passengers. The passengers face the rear of the aircraft, rather than forward. Its take off and landing distances, at maximum gross weight, are 8,300 ft (2,530 m) and 4,900 ft (1,490 m) respectively. Its high flotation landing gear has 28 wheels to share the weight. In Aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure (usually wheels that supports an Aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi The "kneeling" landing gear system permits lowering of the parked aircraft so the cargo floor is at truck-bed height to facilitate vehicle loading and unloading.

The C-5 has a MADAR (Malfunction Detection Analysis and Recording), a system that records and analyzes information and detects malfunctions in more than 800 test points. The C-5 is also known as "FRED" (Fucking Ridiculous Economic/Environmental Disaster) by its crews due to its maintenance/reliability issues and large consumption of fuel. The C-5 requires an average of 16 hours of maintenance for each flight hour based on 1996 data. [9]

The Galaxy is capable of carrying nearly all of the Army's combat equipment, including bulky items such as the 74 ton armored vehicle launched bridge (AVLB), from the United States to any location on the globe. The M60A1 AVLB is an Armored vehicle used for launching and retrieving a scissors-type Bridge. [8]

Operational history

The first C-5A was delivered to the USAF on 17 December 1969. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Two wings were built up in the early 1970s at Altus AFB, OK; Charleston AFB, Dover AFB, DE; and Travis AFB, CA. Altus Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located within the corporate city limits of its namesake Altus Oklahoma. Dover Air Force Base or Dover AFB is a base of the United States Air Force in the state of Delaware. Travis Air Force Base is a United States Air Force air base under the operational control of the Air Mobility Command (AMC located three miles (5 July 9, 1970 marked the C-5's first mission in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Through the rest of the war, C-5s were used to transport equipment and troops. Equipment included Army tanks, and various aircraft. [10] C-5s also delivered weapons and supplies to Israel as part of Operation Nickel Grass in 1973. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Operation Nickel Grass was an overt Strategic airlift operation conducted by the United States to deliver weapons and supplies to Israel during [11]

During the 1980s the C-5As were re-winged to restore full design capability. [4] The US Air Force took delivery of the first C-5B on 28 December 1985 and the final one in April 1989. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) [12]

Personnel unload cargo from a C-5 Galaxy on an ice runway near McMurdo Station, Antarctica in 1989.
Personnel unload cargo from a C-5 Galaxy on an ice runway near McMurdo Station, Antarctica in 1989. McMurdo Station is an American Antarctic research center located on the southern tip of Ross Island on the shore of McMurdo Sound, 2200

The C-5 is the largest aircraft to ever operate in the Antarctic. Williams Field near McMurdo Station is capable of handling C-5 aircraft and the first C-5 landed there in 1989. Williams Field or Willies Field is the United States Antarctic Program 's principal airfield in Antarctica. McMurdo Station is an American Antarctic research center located on the southern tip of Ross Island on the shore of McMurdo Sound, 2200 [13]

Fourteen C-5As have been retired as of 2005. Aircraft number 69-0004 was the first, sent to the Warner-Robins ALC for tear down and inspection. Data from inspection will be used to evaluate structural integrity and estimate remaining fleet lifespan. Thirteen C-5As were sent to the Air Force's Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center (AMARC) for inspection. At AMARC, 66-8306 underwent tear down and inspection similar to 69-0004 at WR-ALC. The remaining 12 will eventually be reclaimed as destructive inspection is performed on the airframes to test for corrosion and fatigue. [14]

Sources have cited that the Air Force might be looking to replace some of these aircraft and have expressed interest in a military version of the new Airbus A380. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [15]

Variants

C-5A

Instrument panel of a C-5A.
Instrument panel of a C-5A.

The C-5A is the original version of the C-5. From 1969 to 1973, 81 C-5As were delivered to US Air Forces bases. Due to cracks found in the wings in the mid-1970s, the cargo weight was restricted. To restore the plane's full capability, the wing structure was redesigned. A program to install new strengthened wings on 77 C-5As was conducted from 1981 to 1987. The redesigned wing made use of a new aluminum alloy that didn't exist during the original production. WikipediaNaming [16]

C-5B

The C-5B is an improved version of the C-5A. It incorporated all modifications and improvements made to the C-5A with improved wings, upgraded TF-39-GE-1C turbofan engines and updated avionics. From 1986 to 1989, 50 of the new variant were delivered to the US Air Force. [17]

C-5C

The C-5C is a specially modified variant for transporting large cargo. Two C-5s (68-0213 and 68-0216) were modified to have a larger internal cargo capacity to accommodate large payloads, such as satellites for use by NASA. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The major modifications were the removal of the rear passenger compartment floor, splitting the rear cargo door in the middle, and installing a new movable aft bulkhead further to the rear. [18] Modifications also included adding a second inlet for ground power which can then be used to feed any power-dependent equipment which may form part of the cargo. The two C-5Cs are operated by US Air Force crews on the behalf of NASA, and are stationed at Travis AFB, CA. 68-0216 completed the Avionics Modernization Program in January 2007. [19]

C-5M

New instrument panel for C-5 as part of AMP program.
New instrument panel for C-5 as part of AMP program.

Based on a recent study showing 80% of the C-5 airframe service life remaining, AMC began an aggressive program to modernize all remaining C-5Bs and C-5Cs and many of the C-5As. The C-5 Avionics Modernization Program (AMP) began in 1998 and includes upgrading avionics to Global Air Traffic Management compliance, improving communications, new flat panel displays, improving navigation and safety equipment, and installing a new autopilot system. Global Air Traffic Management (GATM is a concept for Satellite -based Communication, Navigation, Surveillance and air traffic management First flight of the first modified C-5 with AMP(85-0004) occurred on December 21, 2002. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. [20]

Another part of the plan is a comprehensive Reliability Enhancement and Re-engining Program (RERP), which includes new General Electric CF6-80C2 engines, pylons and auxiliary power units, with upgrades to aircraft skin and frame, landing gear, cockpit and the pressurization system. GE Aviation, a subsidiary of General Electric, is headquartered in Evendale Ohio (a Cincinnati suburb WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The CF6 engine produces 22% more thrust (for a total of 54,000 lb (240 kN) from each engine) than existing C-5 engines which will result in a 30% shorter take-off roll, a 38% higher climb rate to initial altitude, a significantly increased cargo load, and a longer range between refueling. [7] The C-5s that complete these upgrades are designated C-5M Super Galaxy. [21]

The C-5 AMP and RERP modernization programs plan to raise mission-capable rate to a minimum goal of 75%. [7] Over the next 40 years, the U. S. Air Force estimates the C-5M will save over US$20 billion. [22] The first of 111 planned C-5M conversions was completed on May 16, 2006, and performed its first flight on June 19, 2006. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [22]

C-5Ms have been in flight testing out of Dobbins Air Reserve Base since June 2006. Two of the three (86-0013 and 86-0025) aircraft may be identified by the distinctive red nose boom used to acquire test data. [6] As of February 2008, the USAF will convert all remaining C-5Bs and C-5Cs into C-5M with avionics upgrades and re-engining. [23] The C-5As will receive only the avionics upgrades. [24]

Operators

Unlike its Soviet (Ukrainian) counterpart, the civilian- and military-operated Antonov An-124 Ruslan or An-225 Mriya, use of the C-5 is confined entirely to the military and government use. Antonov, or Antonov Aeronautical Scientific/Technical Complex ( Antonov ASTC) (Авіаційний науково-технічний комплекс імені Антонова WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Sign at the Entrance gate of the 164th Airlift Wing base in Memphis (2008)
Sign at the Entrance gate of the 164th Airlift Wing base in Memphis (2008)

Incidents and accidents

There have been five C-5 Galaxy aircraft lost in crashes along with two class-A losses resulting from ground fires and one loss resulting from damage sustained on the ground. There have been at least two other C-5 crashes that resulted in major airframe damage, but the aircraft were repaired and returned to service.

C-5A after crash landing at Shemya AFB, AK, July 1983.
C-5A after crash landing at Shemya AFB, AK, July 1983. Eareckson Air Station is a military Airbase located on the island of Shemya, in the Alaskan Aleutian Islands. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent
Emergency responders at the scene of a C-5B crash at Dover AFB, Del., April 2006.
Emergency responders at the scene of a C-5B crash at Dover AFB, Del., April 2006. Dover Air Force Base or Dover AFB is a base of the United States Air Force in the state of Delaware. Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
The flight deck from the C-5B crash at Dover AFB in April 2006 being loaded into a C-5.
The flight deck from the C-5B crash at Dover AFB in April 2006 being loaded into a C-5. Dover Air Force Base or Dover AFB is a base of the United States Air Force in the state of Delaware.

Notable accidents

C-5s on display

There is one known Galaxy on display:[31]

Specifications (C-5B)

A C-5 Galaxy of the West Virginia Air National Guard 167th Airlift Wing
A C-5 Galaxy of the West Virginia Air National Guard 167th Airlift Wing
People line up to enter the 445th Airlift Wing's first C-5A Galaxy.
People line up to enter the 445th Airlift Wing's first C-5A Galaxy. Dover Air Force Base or Dover AFB is a base of the United States Air Force in the state of Delaware. Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The West Virginia Air National Guard is composed of two Airlift units the 130th Airlift Wing based in Charleston, and the 167th Airlift Wing based in

Data from USAF fact sheet,[33] Lockheed-Martin C-5,[34] and Quest for Performance[35]

General characteristics

Performance

References

  1. ^ Mehuron, Tamar A. , Assoc. Editor. 2008 USAF Almanac, Fact and Figures, Air Force Magazine, May 2008.
  2. ^ a b C-5 history, GlobalSecurity. org.
  3. ^ Norton 2003, p. 31-36.
  4. ^ a b Norton 2003, p. 53-56.
  5. ^ Norton 2003, p. 56-58.
  6. ^ a b Schanz, Marc V. , Assoc. Editor (June 2007). June 2007 is the sixth month of that year It began on a Friday and 30 days later ended on a Saturday. "Life with the C-5". AIR FORCE MAGAZINE, Journal of the Air Force Association 90 (6): p. 59-60. Air Force Association. ISSN: 0730-6784.  
  7. ^ a b c Saving the Galaxy
  8. ^ a b c C-5 design, Globalsecurity. org
  9. ^ C-5 Service Life, GlobalSecurity. org
  10. ^ Norton 2003, p. 43-44.
  11. ^ Norton 2003, p. 45-46.
  12. ^ Norton 2003, p. 58.
  13. ^ National Science Foundation (20 February 2002). "Runway Project Clears the Way for Improved Antarctic Airlift". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-01-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome.
  14. ^ AMARC C-5 Galaxy page
  15. ^ "US considers Airbus A380 as Air Force One and potentially a C-5 replacement", FlightGlobal. com, October 17, 2007. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  16. ^ C-5A on Globalsecurity.com
  17. ^ C-5B on Globalsecurity.com
  18. ^ Norton 2003, p. 62, 78.
  19. ^ C-5C on Globalsecurity.com
  20. ^ "First Flight For AMP C-5", Code One Magazine, April 2003.
  21. ^ "Second C-5M Super Galaxy takes flight. " Air Force Print News. November 20, 2006. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  22. ^ a b C-5 still going strong
  23. ^ Warick, Graham. "Pentagon cancels re-engining of USAF's older Lockheed C-5s", Flightglobal. com, 15 February 2008. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  24. ^ "Air Force C-5 Galaxy modernization program certified", US Air Force, February 15, 2008. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  25. ^ TennANG 164th Airlift Wing
  26. ^ a b c d e Dover AFB crash plus the other 5
  27. ^ Lippincott 2006, p. 35
  28. ^ Lippincott 2006, p. 28
  29. ^ C-5 accident investigation board complete
  30. ^ "Gone with the wings: C-5 removal process in full swing. " Langley, N. Air Force News. January 19, 2007. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  31. ^ C-5 Galaxy On Display, AeoWeb. org.
  32. ^ C-5 display, amcmuseum. org.
  33. ^ C-5 Galaxy fact sheet, US Air Force, April 2008.
  34. ^ C-5 Galaxy specifications, Lockheed Martin.
  35. ^ Loftin, L. K. , Jr. (1985). Quest for performance: The evolution of modern aircraft. NASA SP-468.

See also

Comparable aircraft

Related lists

External links

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