Cúcuta
Skyline of Cúcuta
Flag Seal
Nickname: City without borders
Motto: More progress!
Map of Cúcuta in the Norte de Santander Department. The flag of Cúcuta, was created on May 3, 1988 by the Mayor of Cúcuta Carlos A A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Urban in red, municipality in dark gray
Country	Colombia
Department	Norte de Santander
Foundation	June 17, 1733
Government
- Mayor	Ramiro Suárez Corzo
Area
- City	1,176 km² (454. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Colombia is a unitary republic conformed by thirty-two departments ( Spanish: departamentos, sing Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1733 ( MDCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Ramiro Suárez Corzo (born in Encino, Santander in 1960 is a Colombian politician Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi)
Elevation	325 m (1,066 ft)
Population (2005-2006 Census) [1]
- City	742,689
- Metro	1,196,775
Website: www.alcaldiadecucuta.gov.co

Cúcuta (pronounced [ˈkukuta]) is the capital and most populous city of the North Santander Department (Spanish: Departamento de Norte de Santander) in northeastern Colombia. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Due to its proximity to the Colombian-Venezuelan border, Cúcuta is an important commercial center. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the It is situated in the Cordillera Oriental in the Andes. The Cordillera Oriental is one of three main mountain ranges that divides the Cordillera in the Andes Mountains of Colombia. The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America.

Its area of 1176 km² represents 5. 65% of the department. Its altitude is 320 m above sea level, with an average temperature 28°C and annual average precipitation of 1,041 mm.

The city is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Puerto Santander, to the south by Villa del Rosario, Bochalema, and Los Patios, to the north by Tibú, and to the west by El Zulia and San Cayetano. Puerto Santander is a town and smallest municipality in the Norte de Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. Bochalema is a Colombian municipality and town located in the department of North Santander. Los Patios is a municipality and town in the Department of Norte de Santander, northeastern Colombia. Tibú is a Colombian municipality and town located in the department of North Santander. El Zulia is a municipality of the Norte de Santander Department in Colombia. San Cayetano is a municipality and town in the Norte de Santander Department in Colombia. ^[1][2]

The metropolitan area of Cúcuta has undergone rapid population growth since the 1960s, largely in the peripheral municipalities of Villa del Rosario and Los Patios. Los Patios is a municipality and town in the Department of Norte de Santander, northeastern Colombia. There are two public universities: the Francisco de Paula Santander University and the University of Pamplona. A public university is a University that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government as opposed to private universities. History Founded July 5 1962 as a Laws Foundation with economy classes

Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography, climate and layout 3.1 Geography 3.2 Climate 3.3 Layout 4 Symbols 4.1 Flag of Cúcuta 4.2 Seal of Cúcuta 4.3 Anthem of Cúcuta 5 Demographics 5.1 Population 5.2 People 6 Government 7 Economy 7.1 US–Colombia Free Trade Agreement implications for Cúcuta 8 Telecommunications 9 Transport 9.1 Distances to other cities 9.2 Bridges 10 Education 10.1 Schools 10.2 Universities 11 Recent development 12 Landscape 12.1 Monuments 12.2 Parks 12.3 Greenery 13 References 14 External links

Etymology

Cúcuta was called San José de Guasimales from 1733 to 1793^[3], the year in which the name changed to San José de Cúcuta—"San José" (Saint Joseph) denotes the Virgin Mary's husband, and "Cúcuta" means "The House of Goblins", from the language of the Barí indigenous group. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Joseph "of the House of David " ( Hebrew יוֹסֵף also known as Saint Joseph, Joseph the Betrothed, Joseph of Nazareth The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical ^[4]

In the city's seal, a legend states, Muy Noble, Valerosa y Leal Villa de San José de Cúcuta ("Very Noble, Valiant and Loyal Village of San José of Cúcuta"). ^[5]

The city has the nicknames "City Without Borders", "Gem of the North," and "City Forest. "^[6]

History

Main articles: History of Cúcuta, Battle of Cúcuta, and Earthquake of Cúcuta

Cúcuta was originally a pre-hispanic settlement. Cúcuta is in an area which has been inhabited since Pre-Columbian times The Battle of Cúcuta was a battle fought in the Independence of Colombia on February 28 1813. The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences It was entrusted to Sebastian Lorenzo by Pedro de Ursua as an encomienda in 1550. Pedro de Ursúa (1526 &ndash 1561 was a Spanish Conquistador in the 16th century The encomienda system is a Trusteeship labor system that was employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Juana Rangel de Cuellar founded Cúcuta on June 17, 1733, and donated a further 782 hectares. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat The village, centred on a church, grew considerably due to its strategic commercial location, and eventually became a city. ^[7]

On February 28, 1813, Simón Bolívar captured the city in the Battle of Cúcuta, before his march to Caracas. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash The Battle of Cúcuta was a battle fought in the Independence of Colombia on February 28 1813. Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela. The battle lasted from 9:00 a. m. until noon; 400 men led by Bolivar fought 800 troops led by the Spanish general Ramon Correa. Two Cúcutan soldiers were killed and 14 injured; on the opposing side, 20 Spanish forces were killed and 40 injured. ^[8] The victory gave the independence to the city of Cúcuta and started the Admirable Campaign. The Admirable Campaign (Campaña Admirable was a military action led by Simón Bolívar in which the provinces of Mérida Barinas Trujillo and Caracas were liberated ^[9]

In 1821, the Congress of Cúcuta wrote and signed the Constitution of Cúcuta (also known as Constitution of the Greater Colombia) at the historic church of Cúcuta. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The Congress of Cúcuta was a Constituent assembly where the Greater Colombia was created The Constitution of Cúcuta, also known as Constitution of the Gran Colombia and Constitution of 1821 was the founding document and Constitution of The Historic church of Cúcuta is in the locality of Villa del Rosario ( Cúcuta) where Simón Bolívar, Francisco de Paula Santander and other The constitution unified New Granada (Colombia and Panamá), Ecuador, and Venezuela into the new country, Greater Colombia. The Viceroyalty of New Granada (Virreinato de la Nueva Granada was the name given on May 27, 1717 to a Spanish colonial jurisdiction in northern South America For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Gran Colombia ( Spanish for Great Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831

On 18 May 1875, the city was largely destroyed by the earthquake of Cúcuta, also known as the "Earthquake of the Andes", but was soon rebuilt. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The earthquake occurred at 11:15 a. m. ; it destroyed Villa del Rosario, San Antonio del Tachira and Capacho, seriously damaged the Venezuelan settlements of San Cristóbal, La Mulata, Rubio, Michelena, La Grita and Colón (among others), and was felt in Bogotá and Caracas. San Antonio del Táchira is a city in the Venezuelan Andean state of Táchira. Bogotá —officially named Bogotá DC (DC for " Distrito Capital " which means "Capital District" formerly called Santa Fe de Bogotá Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela.

In the 19th century, the construction of a railroad set off an Industrial Revolution in the city. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The railroad had four branches: North, East, South and West. ^[10] The North branch was constructed from 1878 to 1888, and connected Cúcuta with Puerto Santander and Venezuela. Puerto Santander is a town and smallest municipality in the Norte de Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. Construction of the East branch began in and South branches began in 1878; the South branch linked with Pamplona, Colombia, and ended in El Diamante. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Pamplona is a Municipality and city in Norte de Santander, Colombia. Julio César Cruz is a retired Puerto Rican Professional wrestler best known by his most famous Ring name El Diamante which he has The West branch was not built owing to economic problems. The railroad company fell into bankruptcy and was closed in 1960. A railway company or railroad company is a Entity that operates a Railroad track and/or Trains Such a company can either be private ^[11]

The population of the city's metropolitan area was 59,323 in 1939, 532,564 in 1990, and 950,000 in 2005. ^[12]

Many of the city's historic buildings lie within the Park of Greater Colombia, including the House of Santander, the historic church, and the historic tamarind. The El Parque de la Gran Colombia (Spanish for Greater Colombia Park or Park of the Greater Colombia) is an historical and tourist complex located in the locality The House of Santander is the place where the hero of the Colombian independence Francisco de Paula Santander lived his first 13 years The Historic church of Cúcuta is in the locality of Villa del Rosario ( Cúcuta) where Simón Bolívar, Francisco de Paula Santander and other The Historical Tamarind is a tree in which the deputies of the New Granada ( Colombia and Panama) and the patriotic ones of Venezuela rested under All these are well preserved. ^[13]

Geography, climate and layout

Geography

Main articles: Hydrography of Cúcuta and North Santander and Geography of Cúcuta

The city is located in the eastern part of the Department of North Santander, in the Cordillera Oriental, close to the border with Venezuela. The North Santander Department of Colombia, and its capital Cúcuta, rely on several rivers Colombia is a unitary republic conformed by thirty-two departments ( Spanish: departamentos, sing The Cordillera Oriental is one of three main mountain ranges that divides the Cordillera in the Andes Mountains of Colombia. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the The city's area is 1,176 km², or 5. 65% of the area of North Santander. The elevation is 320 metres (1,050 ft) above sea-level. The term above mean sea level ( AMSL) refers to the Elevation (on the ground or Altitude (in the Air) of any object relative to the

Rivers in Cúcuta and Norte de Santander include the Pamplonita River, Guaramito River, San Miguel River and Zulia River. The Pamplonita River is the main river of the Colombian city of Cúcuta and one of the most important of the Norte de Santander Department. Zulia River is a river in Venezuela and Colombia It is a tributary of the Catatumbo River. ^[14]

The Pamplonita River crosses the Norte de Santander Department.

Climate

The mean temperature is 28. 0 °C; high temperatures are around 35 °C. There is a sharp contrast between the wet season and the dry season. A wet season or rainy season is a Season in which the average Rainfall in a region is significantly increased The dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the Tropics. The driest months are December, January, February and March; the wettest are April, May, September, October and November. June and July usually have significant precipitation, whereas August is sunny and windy. The annual precipitation is around 1,041 mm. ^[15]

Layout

Cúcuta's streets are organized in a grid layout adopted from Spain in colonial times. The grid plan or gridiron plan is a type of City plan in which Streets run at right angles to each other forming a grid. Calles (streets) traverse from east to west, perpendicular to the hills, and numbering increases to the north and to the south from Calle 1. Avenidas (avenues) traverse from south to north, parallel to the hills, and numbering increases east to west from Carrera 1.

More than 300 neighborhoods form the urban network. Affluent neighborhoods are primarily situated in the north and north-east; poorer ones are in the south and south-east, many of them squatter areas. The middle class lives mostly in the central, west and northwest areas.

Symbols

Flag of Cúcuta

The red and black North Santander Department flag was exhibited for the first time in 1928, when the first National Olympics were held in Cali. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña ( April 2, 1792 - May 6, 1840) was one of the military and political leaders during Colombia Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, the flag of Cúcuta was not legalized until Mayor Carlos A. Rangel issued Decree 106 on May 3, 1988. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar)

Seal of Cúcuta

The shield of the city was adopted in 1958 by Decree 032 on February 3, 1958, after a request by the History Academy of North Santander. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The shield is a classic shape, and carries the title conferred to the city by Royal Decree of the Emperor Carlos IV: Very noble, valiant and loyal Village of San José of Cúcuta. Charles IV ( November 11, 1748 - January 20, 1819) was King of Spain from December 14, 1788 until his abdication

The upper part depicts the weapons of the city's founder Juana Rangel of Cuéllar, who donated lands for the foundation of the city on June 17, 1733. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1733 ( MDCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a They are five silver and red fleur-de-lis in the shape of reels, on a golden background. The fleur-de-lys (or fleur-de-lis, plural fleurs-de-lis ˌfləː(rdəˈliː (ˌfləː(rdəˈlɪs in Quebec) translated from French as "lily

The lower part of the shield displays the weapons that the National Congress adopted for Colombia by the Law of October 6, 1821, at its meeting in the Villa del Rosario. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year In the center are a quiver of spears, marked with X's, and a set of bow and arrows, tied with tricolor tape. The spears represent attributes of the Roman consuls; the X is a symbol of the right of life or death; the bow and arrows are symbols of the Hispanic Indu race.

Anthem of Cúcuta

The Anthem of Cúcuta was legalized by means of Decree 039 of February 8, 1984, by Mayor Luis Vicente Mountain Forest. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) The lyrics were written by Dr. Manuel Orillo Martínez, and the music by the master Pablo Tarazona Prada. It was chosen as the Anthem of Cúcuta by a unanimous vote in a contest held in the Theater Zulima.

Demographics

Population

Cúcuta has undergone a large demographic growth, having 387,481 inhabitants in 1951 and now, 1,196,775. It is the sixth most populous city in Colombia. The metropolitan area, which includes the municipalities of Villa del Rosario, Los Patios, El Zulia, San Cayetano and Puerto Santander, has a combined population of more than 1. Los Patios is a municipality and town in the Department of Norte de Santander, northeastern Colombia. El Zulia is a municipality of the Norte de Santander Department in Colombia. Puerto Santander is a town and smallest municipality in the Norte de Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. 1 million people. It is the largest metropolitan area in eastern Colombia and sixth in Colombia behind Barranquilla and Cartagena. Barranquilla, an industrial portuary and special district is a city and municipality located in northern Colombia by the Caribbean sea.

As of the census of 2005, there were 1,196,755 people and 187,041 households in the city. The population density was 2,000/km², making Cúcuta one of the more densely-populated cities in the east of the country.

People

Many notable Colombians are from Cúcuta:

• Francisco de Paula Santander, the first President of Colombia, known as "the man of the laws". Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña ( April 2, 1792 - May 6, 1840) was one of the military and political leaders during Colombia Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña ( April 2, 1792 - May 6, 1840) was one of the military and political leaders during Colombia List of Presidents of Colombia The President of Colombia (Presidente de Colombia is the Head of state and Head of government of the Republic of Colombia
• Virgilio Barco, a former president of Colombia. Virgilio Barco Vargas ( September 17, 1921 - May 20, 1997) was a politician and diplomat from Colombia.
• Fabiola Zuluaga, the most successful Colombian tennis player^[16]
• Actors such as Lincoln Palomeque, Endry Carreño, Rafael García Herreros (the founder of Minuto de Dios)
• Elias M. Soto, a classic musician. Fabiola Zuluaga (born January 7, 1979 in Cúcuta) was a professional Tennis player from Colombia. Lincoln Palomeque (born March 20 1977) is an Actor. He is from Cúcuta, Colombia. Endry Cardeño is a Transsexual actress from Cúcuta, Colombia. Rafael García Herreros ( Cúcuta, 1909– Bogotá, 1992 Eudist man in holy orders Minuto de Dios (in English Minute of God) is a Colombian non-profit spirit organization of Catholic religious origin founded by Rafael García Elias Mauricio Soto (born September 22 of 1858 in Cúcuta, Colombia; died October 11 of 1944 in the same city
• Marino Vargas Villalta, civic leader and businessman. During the fifities and sixties, he was also the president of the popular and successful local soccer team, the Cúcuta Deportivo. Cúcuta Deportivo is a football club based in the city of Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia.
• Alberto Villamizar, a former congressman and ambassador to Indonesia, The Netherlands and Cuba, Colombia's first kidnappings czar and leading political figure of the Nuevo liberalismo (New Liberalism) movement of Luis Carlos Galan. Alberto Villamizar (b Cucuta October 26 1944 - d Bogota July 26 2007) was a Colombian politician and diplomat The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Colombian politician Luis Carlos Galán founded the Nuevo Liberalismo (New Liberalism in 1979 as a dissident force of the Colombian Liberal Party. Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento (born on September 29, 1943 in Bucaramanga, Santander – died on August 18, 1989 in

Government

Main article: Government of Cúcuta

As of 2006, the mayor of Cúcuta is Ramiro Suárez Corzo, who has occupied the position since January 2004 (elected by a majority of 62. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Ramiro Suárez Corzo (born in Encino, Santander in 1960 is a Colombian politician "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 06%). He represents the movement Colombia Viva.

Cúcuta is the capital of Norte de Santander Department, and houses the Department Hall and the City Hall of the Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta along with the Francisco de Paula Santander Justice Palace. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or See also Cúcuta The Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta is a Colombian Metropolitan area located in the eastern section of the Norte de The Principal Mayor and Urban Council, both elected by popular vote, are responsible for city administration.

The city divided into 10 localities (comunas). The Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta is formed by Cúcuta (as the main city), Villa del Rosario, Los Patios, San Cayetano, El Zulia and Puerto Santander. See also Cúcuta The Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta is a Colombian Metropolitan area located in the eastern section of the Norte de Los Patios is a municipality and town in the Department of Norte de Santander, northeastern Colombia. San Cayetano is a municipality and town in the Norte de Santander Department in Colombia. El Zulia is a municipality of the Norte de Santander Department in Colombia. Puerto Santander is a town and smallest municipality in the Norte de Santander Department in northeastern Colombia.

Politics in Cúcuta are not defined by a single political movement. A political movement is a Social movement working in the area of Politics. Past rivals included the Partido Liberal Colombiano and the Colombian Conservative Party. The Colombian Liberal Party ( Spanish: Partido Liberal Colombiano PLC is a social liberal - social democratic party in Colombia. The Colombian Conservative Party (Partido Conservador Colombiano is a conservative, Right wing / Center right, Colombian political party Today the political landscape is shared by many political parties, none commanding majority support.

Economy

Cúcuta has an agricultural industry that mainly produces milk products and liquors. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Construction in the city has boomed in recent years, but it remains primarily a commercial city, due to its proximity to Venezuela, which has led the major Colombian commercial centers, banks and warehouses to set up offices in the city. ^[17]

US–Colombia Free Trade Agreement implications for Cúcuta

Colombia signed a Free Trade Agreement with the United States amidst opposition by Venezuela. See also List of free trade agreements This is article is on free international trade Despite this opposition, industries from Venezuela are constructing their infrastructure in Cúcuta to export their products to the United States, registering their products as if they were Colombian, a strategy that would allow them to export without paying certain tariffs. For that reason, Cúcuta is expected to become an industrial city. ^[18]

Colombian law provides tax exemptions for Venezuelan imports through the Zona Franca, which, coupled with the motorway links between Cúcuta and Maracaibo, increases the possibility of exports from Maracaibo into Colombia. Maracaibo is the second-largest city in Venezuela after the national capital Caracas and is the capital of Zulia state ^[19]

Telecommunications

The city's telecommunications services include payphones, WiMAX wireless networks,^[20] and mobile phone networks (GSM, CDMA and TDMA). A payphone or pay phone is a public Telephone, with payment made by inserting money (usually coins or a Debit card (a special Telephone card WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a Telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies

Telecom Colombia offers the service of local, national and international telephony and broadband ADSL Internet. Telefónica Telecom is the largest Telecommunications company in Colombia. The term broadband can have different meanings in different contexts Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ( ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over Copper Telephone There are three mobile telephony operators: Comcel, Movistar and Tigo. Movistar is a major Mobile phone operator owned by Telefónica Móviles. Millicom International Cellular is a Mobile phone network provider in America, Africa and Asia.

Transport

Public transportation in the Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta includes the Metrobus system. See also Cúcuta The Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta is a Colombian Metropolitan area located in the eastern section of the Norte de

For travel outside the city, there is a bus station called "Terminal de Transportes" (to be replaced by a new one), the Camilo Daza International Airport (Colombia) and the San Antonio Airport (Venezuela). bus station is a structure where city or intercity Buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers Camilo Daza International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional Camilo Daza is a civil airport located in Cúcuta, Colombia. Eighty years ago the city had the "Railroad of Cúcuta", which connected with Venezuela.

The highway to Bucaramanga (renovated in January 2007)^[21] connects Cúcuta with Bogotá, Medellín and Cali. Bucaramanga is a municipality and capital city of the department of Santander, Colombia. Bogotá —officially named Bogotá DC (DC for " Distrito Capital " which means "Capital District" formerly called Santa Fe de Bogotá Medellín, officially the Municipio de Medellín (Spanish or Municipality of Medellín (English pronunciation mɛdəˈjiːn or, Spanish: or) is the second The highway to Ocaña connects the city with Barranquilla, Cartagena and Santa Marta; the highway to San Cristóbal with Caracas. Ocaña is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Norte de Santander. Barranquilla, an industrial portuary and special district is a city and municipality located in northern Colombia by the Caribbean sea. Cartagena de Indias (kaɾtaˈhena ð̞e ˈin̪d̪jas in Spanish; the usual English pronunciation is ˌkɑrtəˈheɪnə deɪ ˈɪndiəs is a large city Santa Marta is a city and municipality located in northern Colombia by the Caribbean sea and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains capital of San Cristóbal, is the Capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira. Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela.

Distances to other cities

Cities of Colombia Pamplona – 68 kilometres (42 mi) Ocaña – 132 kilometres (82 mi) Bucaramanga – 148 kilometres (92 mi) Barrancabermeja – 254 kilometres (158 mi) Tunja – 329 kilometres (204 mi) Bogotá – 568 kilometres (353 mi) Manizales – 700 kilometres (435 mi) Armenia – 716 kilometres (445 mi) Pereira – 742 kilometres (461 mi) Medellín – 591 kilometres (367 mi) Montería – 589 kilometres (366 mi) Cartagena – 589 kilometres (366 mi) Barranquilla – 579 kilometres (360 mi) Cali – 900 kilometres (559 mi)

Cities of Venezuela San Cristóbal – 57 kilometres (35 mi) Mérida – 238 kilometres (148 mi) Maracaibo – 474 kilometres (295 mi) Barinas – 349 kilometres (217 mi) Acarigua – 517 kilometres (321 mi) Valencia – 683 kilometres (424 mi) Caracas – 821 kilometres (510 mi)

Bridges

The city has many bridges:

• San Rafael Bridge – official name is "Benito Hernández Bustos". Pamplona is a Municipality and city in Norte de Santander, Colombia. Ocaña is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Norte de Santander. Bucaramanga is a municipality and capital city of the department of Santander, Colombia. Barrancabermeja is a city and municipality in Santander Department, in northeastern Colombia. Tunja ˈtuŋha is a city and municipality in Colombia, capital of the Boyacá department and part of the subregion of the Central Boyacá Bogotá —officially named Bogotá DC (DC for " Distrito Capital " which means "Capital District" formerly called Santa Fe de Bogotá Manizales is a city and municipality in central Colombia, capital of Department of Caldas and part of the region of Colombian Coffee-Growers Axis, Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Pereira (meaning a pear tree) is a common surname in the Portuguese language. Medellín, officially the Municipio de Medellín (Spanish or Municipality of Medellín (English pronunciation mɛdəˈjiːn or, Spanish: or) is the second Montería is a municipality and city located in Northern Colombia, capital of the Department of Cordoba. Cartagena de Indias (kaɾtaˈhena ð̞e ˈin̪d̪jas in Spanish; the usual English pronunciation is ˌkɑrtəˈheɪnə deɪ ˈɪndiəs is a large city Barranquilla, an industrial portuary and special district is a city and municipality located in northern Colombia by the Caribbean sea. San Cristóbal, is the Capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira. Santiago de los Caballeros de Mérida es la capital del municipio Libertador y del estado Mérida y una de las principales localidades de los Maracaibo is the second-largest city in Venezuela after the national capital Caracas and is the capital of Zulia state Acarigua is a city in northwestern Venezuela, in the northern part of the state of Portuguesa at coordinates. Valencia is the capital city of Carabobo State, and the third largest city of Venezuela. Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela. The Richmond-San Rafael Bridge (officially the John F McCarthy Memorial Bridge is the northernmost of the east-west crossings of the San Francisco Bay in
• Francisco de Paula Andrade Troconis Bridge – the prolongation of the Av. 0, connecting the city with the municipality of Los Patios. Los Patios is a municipality and town in the Department of Norte de Santander, northeastern Colombia.
• Elías M. Soto Bridge – rebuilt and extended to 6 rails. Elias Mauricio Soto (born September 22 of 1858 in Cúcuta, Colombia; died October 11 of 1944 in the same city
• San Luís Bridge – imported from England.
• Rafael García Herreros Bridge – part of the East Anilo Vial. Rafael García (born February 22, 1971) is a Mexican Professional wrestler, better known by his Ring name Super Calo

Six overpasses are under construction. An overpass (called a flyover in the UK and most Commonwealth countries is a Bridge, Road, Railway or

Education

The basic education and the high school education are in Colombian "Calendary A" for schools (from February to November). Basic education refers to the whole range of educational activities taking place in various settings (formal non formal and informal that aim to meet basic learning needs

Schools

• Colegio Calasanz
• Colegio Salesiano
• Colegio Gimnasio Domingo Savio
• Colegio La Salle
• Colegio Santo Angel de la Guarda
• Colegio Santa Teresa
• Colegio Los Almendros
• Colegio Carmen Teresiano
• Colegio Cardenal Sancha
• Colegio Gremios Unidos

Universities

• Universidad Libre de Colombia
• Universidad de Pamplona
• Universidad Simón Bolivar
• Universidad Remilgton
• Universidad Antonio Nariño
• Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
• Universidad de santander [udes]

Recent development

The city has recently undergone development at an historically unprecedented rate. Antonio Nariño was an ideological precursor and one of the early political and military leaders of the independence movement in Colombia, then known as The Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ( UFPS, Francisco de Paula Santander University) is a University located in Cúcuta, Colombia This has included construction of six overpasses, a convention center, a new bus terminal, a new Integrated Massive Transportation System called Metrobus, modernization of state owned schools, renewal of downtown, and doubling the capacity of the General Santander Stadium. An overpass (called a flyover in the UK and most Commonwealth countries is a Bridge, Road, Railway or Conference centre redirects here For the conference facility in Salt Lake City Utah that is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day A bus terminus is a designated place where a Bus or coach starts or ends its scheduled route A transport network, or transportation network in American English is typically a network of roads streets pipes aqueducts power lines or nearly any structure which permits Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense Estadio General Santander is a multi-use Stadium in Cúcuta, Colombia.

New industries are expected to come from Venezuela, which will place their factories in Cúcuta to export through the Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement between Colombia and the United States. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[12]

Landscape

Monuments

The main monuments in the city are:

• The monument of the Battle of Cúcuta
• The monument of Juana Rangel de Cuellar, the founder of Cúcuta
• The monument of Camilo Daza, located in the Camilo Daza International Airport. The Battle of Cúcuta was a battle fought in the Independence of Colombia on February 28 1813. Juana Rangel de Cuellar ( October 6 of 1649, Pamplona. - 1736, Pamplona. Camilo Daza ( June 25, 1898 - March 18, 1975) was a Colombian Aviator. Camilo Daza International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional Camilo Daza is a civil airport located in Cúcuta, Colombia.

Parks

The main parks in the city are:

• Santander Park (in Spanish, Parque Santander), the main park of the city located in front of the city hall. The Santander Park is the main park of the Colombian cities of Cúcuta and Bucaramanga, though there are other such parks in Bogotá and
• Colón Park (in Spanish, Parkque Colón), constructed in honor of Cristobal Columbus (in Spanish, Cristobal Colón).
• Simón Bolivar Park (in Spanish, Parque Simón Bolivar), constructed in honor of Simón Bolivar and donated by the Consulate of Venezuela in Cúcuta.

Greenery

From its founding, residents have valued Cúcuta's trees.

Cúcuta has more green zones than many other cities in Colombia. Some consider it an urban lung, due to its many trees and lack of pollution. The greenery is thanks to gifts by prominent Cucuteños, and the legion of foreigners who reconstructed the city after the 1875 earthquake, led by engineer Francisco de Paula Andrade Troconis. The first planted trees were clemones. Soon they were replaced by acacias, peracos and almond trees that adorned the parks and roadsides. Acacia is a Genus of Shrubs and Trees belonging to the Subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae, first The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L An example of this city design is the Avenue of the Lights (based on oití, ficus and cují), that forms a natural tunnel admired in the rest of the country and by tourists. Ficus is a Genus of about 850 Species of woody Trees Shrubs Vines Epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes in the family

Palm trees are common in places such as Santander Park, Great Colombian Park, the Bank of the Republic and the Department Hall of Norte de Santander. Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering The El Parque de la Gran Colombia (Spanish for Greater Colombia Park or Park of the Greater Colombia) is an historical and tourist complex located in the locality The Bank of the Republic (Banco de la República is the Central bank of the Republic of Colombia. The official flower of Cúcuta is the Isora.

References

External links

Government

• (Spanish) City Hall of Cúcuta
• (Spanish) Gobernación de Norte de Santander
• (Spanish) Education Secretary of North Santander

Health

• (Spanish)Hospital Erasmo Meoz
• (Spanish) E.S.E. Francisco de Paula Santander

Mass media

• (Spanish) Newspaper La Opinion
• (Spanish) Asi Es Cucuta - Noticias de Cucuta
• (Spanish) Cúcuta Nuestra
• (Spanish) EnCúcuta
• (Spanish) Cúcuta Linda

Universities

• (Spanish) Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
• (Spanish) Universidad de Santander
• (Spanish) Universidad Simón Bolívar
• (Spanish) Universidad de Pamplona
• (Spanish) Universidad Antonio Nariño

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