Neighborhoods in Berlin-Mitte: Old Cölln [1] (with Museum Island [1a], Fischer Island [1b]), Altberlin [2] (with Nikolaiviertel [2a]), Friedrichswerder [3], Neukölln am Wasser [4], Dorotheenstadt [5], Friedrichstadt [6], Luisenstadt [7], Stralauer Vorstadt (with Königsstadt) [8], Alexanderplatz Area (Königsstadt and Altberlin) [9], Spandauer Vorstadt [10] (with Scheunenviertel [10a]), Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt [11], Oranienburger Vorstadt [12], Rosenthaler Vorstadt [13]

In the 13th century Cölln was the sister town of Altberlin, located on the southern Spree Island in the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Localities of the Mitte borough The new borough of Mitte consists of six localities Mitte (the former Mitte borough Moabit Museum Island (Museumsinsel in Berlin, Germany is the name of the northern half of the Spreeinsel, an island in the Spree river in the Founded about 1200 the Nikolaiviertel (Nikolai Quarter of Altberlin, together with the neighbouring settlement of Cölln, is the reconstructed historical heart Geography Friedrichstadt is located south of the Dorotheenstadt neighborhood and southwest of the historical suburb of Friedrichswerder. is a large open square and public transport hub in the Berlin district of Mitte in the city centre near the river Spree and the Berliner Dom Scheunenviertel ("Barn Quarter" refers to a neighborhood of Mitte in the centre of Berlin. The Spree (ʃpʁeː Sprowja Sprjewja Spréva is a River in Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin, Germany and in Ústecký The Margraviate of Brandenburg (Markgrafschaft Brandenburg was a major Principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 Today the island is located in the historic core of the central Mitte locality of modern Berlin, its northern peak is known as Museum Island, while the part south of the Gertraudenstraße street is called Fischer Island. Localities of the Mitte borough The new borough of Mitte consists of six localities Mitte (the former Mitte borough Moabit Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Museum Island (Museumsinsel in Berlin, Germany is the name of the northern half of the Spreeinsel, an island in the Spree river in the

History

Cölln: Brüderstraße and St. Peter in the 19th century

Cölln is first mentioned in a 1237 deed, denoting a priest Symeon of Cölln's Saint Peter's Church as a witness. The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church includes both the orders of bishops and presbyters, which in Latin is sacerdos. This date is commonly regarded as the origin of Berlin, though Altberlin on the eastern bank of the Spree river was not mentioned before 1244 and part of nowadays Greater Berlin like Spandau and Köpenick are even older. The Greater Berlin Act (Groß-Berlin-Gesetz in full the Law Regarding the Reconstruction of the New Local Authority of Berlin (Gesetz über die Bildung einer neuen Stadtgemeinde For the Spandau machine gun see Maschinengewehr 08. For the 1980s New Romantic group see Spandau Ballet. Köpenick is an area in the borough of Treptow-Köpenick in Berlin.

Cölln and Altberlin were separated only by the river Spree, linked by the Mühlendamm causey, hence there was a close connection right from the start. Causey is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated a short distance to the north of Stanley. Since the trade route from Magdeburg to Frankfurt (Oder) crosses the twin town and the inland water-transportation routes also passed through it, Cölln-Berlin quickly came to prosperity. A trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo Magdeburg ( Low Saxon: Meideborg ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐx the Capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany Frankfurt (Oder is a City in Brandenburg, Germany, located on the Oder River on the German- Polish border directly opposite the A second crossing, the Lange Brücke (Long Bridge), today the Rathausbrücke (Town Hall Bridge) was erected across the Spree in 1307 with a common town hall in the middle of it. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or

The common policy of Berlin and Cölln led 1308 to a first alliance with other towns in the March (Brandenburg an der Havel, Frankfurt (Oder) and Salzwedel) to defend their rights against the sovereign. Brandenburg an der Havel is a Town in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. Frankfurt (Oder is a City in Brandenburg, Germany, located on the Oder River on the German- Polish border directly opposite the Salzwedel (ˈzaltsveːdəl officially known as Hansestadt Salzwedel, is a Town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The Elector Frederick II Irontooth of Brandenburg ended the autonomy of Cölln/Berlin and declared the twin town to his residence in 1451. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl This article is about Frederick II of Brandenburg See Frederick II for other rulers Frederick II (Friedrich II In 1710 the twin cities Cölln and old Berlin merged by the order of King Frederick I to form the capital of Prussia. Biography Born in Königsberg, he was the third son of Frederick William Elector of Brandenburg by his father's first marriage to Louise Henriette The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising As Altberlin was twice as big as Cölln at that time, the merged city was named Berlin.

The name of Cölln survives in the Berlin southeastern borough of Neukölln (New Cölln). Berlin is both a city and one of Germany's federal states. It is made up of twelve boroughs ( Bezirke in German also known as districts or History When first mentioned in 1360 the village was called Richardsdorf and owned by the Order of St Originally a southern extension of Cölln was called Neukölln am Wasser, as well as the "Köllnischer Park" and the street "Am Köllnischen Park" are both located in the adjacent area. An outdoor enclosure, situated directly in the park, is home of three brown bears (the bear is the heraldic animal of the City of Berlin), representing the cradle of the city.

Places of interest

Nicolaihaus

Staatsrat building

Ribbeckhaus

Jungfernbrücke

Cölln's centre the Saint Peter's Church, originally built about 1230 and reconstructed several times over the centuries, had been badly damaged by air raids and the Battle of Berlin in 1945. Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany, was subject to 363 air raids during World War II. For the bombing campaign on Berlin by the RAF from November 1943 to March 1944 see Battle of Berlin (air. It was finally demolished in 1964. The church bore its name due to the fact that many of Cölln's inhabitants depended on fishing. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Today only the name of the Petriplatz square marks the site. Though most of the neighbourhood was destroyed, a few Baroque houses remained:

The bookseller Christoph Friedrich Nicolai lived on Brüderstraße 13 from 1787 until his death in 1811. Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical Christoph Friedrich Nicolai ( 18 March 1733 &ndash 11 January 1811) was a German Writer and bookseller Today the house is still called Nicolaihaus, it was erected about 1670 and had belonged to the merchant Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky from 1747 to 1773. Merchants function as professionals who deal with Trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves in order to produce Profit. Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky ( 21 November 1710 &ndash Berlin, 9 August 1775) was a Prussian Merchant with a Nicolai had it remodeled by the mason and composer Carl Friedrich Zelter, making it a meeting-point of intellectuals influenced by the Age of Enlightenment (Aufklärung) and Romanticism movement. Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar, and the term "masonry" can also refer to the units themselves A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Carl Friedrich Zelter ( 11 December 1758 &ndash 15 May 1832)was a German composer conductor and teacher of music An intellectual (from the adjective meaning "involving thought and reason" is a person who tries to use his or her Intelligence and analytical thinking, The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the In 1786 Honoré Mirabeau stayed here on his first trip to Berlin and so did the architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel, the sculptor Johann Gottfried Schadow, the printmaker Daniel Chodowiecki as well as the poet Theodor Körner in 1811. Honoré Gabriel Riqueti Comte de Mirabeau ( March 9, 1749 &ndash April 2, 1791) was a French writer popular orator and statesman An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction Karl Friedrich Schinkel ( March 13, 1781 – October 9, 1841) was a German Architect Johann Gottfried Schadow ( May 20 1764 - January 27 1850) was a German sculptor. Printmaking is the Process of making artworks by Printing, normally on Paper. Daniel Niklaus Chodowiecki (16 October 1726 – 1801 was a Polish - German painter and Printmaker with Huguenot ancestry who is most famous as an A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Carl Theodor Körner ( September 23 1791 &ndash August 26 1813) was a German Poet and Soldier. Körner's father Christian Gottfried Körner lived here as a Prussian Privy Councillor from 1815 to 1828. Christian Gottfried Körner (1756–1831 was a German Jurist and friend of Friedrich Schiller, born at Leipzig. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising A privy council is a body that advises the Head of state of a nation on how to exercise their executive authority, typically but not always in the context of a

On Brüderstraße 10 stands the Galgenhaus (Gallows House), built about 1688. A gallows is a frame typically wooden used for execution by Hanging. According to legend, a maidservant was hanged right in front of the house in 1735, being falsly accused of stealing a silver spoon. Maid is also a shortened form of " Maiden " an archaic word for an unmarried woman or a Virgin. From 1742 on the building belonged to the early statistician Johann Peter Süßmilch, at this time provost of the Saint Peter's Church. Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to the collection analysis interpretation or explanation and presentation of Data. A provost is a senior official in a number of Christian churches The neighbouring building, built in 1905, is home of the Berlin representation of the Federal State of Saxony. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany.

Nearby the Sperlingsgasse branches off, where the novelist Wilhelm Raabe lived from 1854 to 1856 and published his popular work Die Chronik der Sperlingsgasse. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Wilhelm Raabe ( September 8, 1831 &ndash November 15, 1910) German Novelist, whose early works were published under The small alley, at this time the Spreegasse, was renamed in 1931 on occasion of the author's hundredth anniversary. All former buildings on this street were demolished about 1960.

The northern part of the Brüderstraße today is covered by the 1964 building of the former Staatsrat of the German Democratic Republic. The Staatsrat (Council of State was in the German Democratic Republic the formally highest collective body which was created with law over the formation of the Council of State The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state The façade at the Schloßplatz square includes the preserved portal No. A facade or façade (fəˈsɑːd is generally one side of the exterior of a Building, especially the front but also sometimes the sides and rear Schloßplatz ( German for "Palace Square" is a square on Museum Island ( Museumsinsel) in Berlin, Germany. Portal is a general term describing an opening in the walls of a building gate or fortification and especially a grand entrance to an important structure IV of the demolished Hohenzollern City Palace, where Karl Liebknecht on November 9, 1918 declared a free socialist republic of Germany. The Stadtschloss (Berliner Stadtschloss rendered in English as Berlin City Palace) was a royal palace in the centre of Berlin, capital of Germany ( August 13, 1871 - January 15, 1919) was a German Socialist and a co-founder of the Spartacist League and the Communist Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After German reunification the building served as the Chancellery from 1999 to 2001. German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany The Chancellor's Office (Chancellery (in German Bundeskanzleramt, or more commonly Kanzleramt) is the office of the Chancellor, the head of the Today it houses the European School of Management and Technology and the Hertie School of Governance. ESMT European School of Management and Technology is a private Business school located in Berlin, Germany. The '''Hertie School of Governance''' (HSoG is the first privately financed all-English professional school in the German higher education landscape The area north of the Schloßplatz is the site of the historic City Palace and still of the demolition of the 1976 Palast der Republik. Demolition is the opposite of Construction: the tearing-down of Buildings and other Structures It contrasts with deconstruction The Palast der Republik ( Palace of the Republic) was a building in Berlin, on the bank of the River Spree between Schloßplatz and the Lustgarten According to a 2002 resolution by the federal Bundestag parliament the City Palace should be rebuilt. The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany.

Parallel to the Brüderstraße runs the Breite Straße (Broad Street), Cölln's main street. At the corner of the Schloßplatz are the buildings of the Old and the New Marstall riding stables of the Electors of Brandenburg, built in 1670 and 1901. A stable is a Building in which Livestock, especially Horses are kept This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire Today the New Marstall is a seat of the Hanns Eisler Conservatory. The Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler" (College or Academy of Music "Hanns Eisler" is one of the leading music Conservatories in Germany On neighbouring Breite Straße 35 is the late Renaissance Ribbeckhaus from 1624, one of Berlin's oldest preserved residential buildings, which since 1920 houses the Central and Regional Library. Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe in which there was a A public library (also called circulating library) is a Library which is accessible by the Public and is generally funded from public sources (such

Three historic bridges connect Cölln with the 17th century extension of Friedrichswerder on the western bank of the Spree river: the Schleusenbrücke (Sluice Bridge) at the Schloßplatz, a steel construction erected in 1916, the Gertraudenbrücke with the statue of Saint Gertrude of Nivelles by the sculptor Rudolf Siemering from 1896 and the small Jungfernbrücke (Virgin's Bridge) built in 1798, Berlin's oldest and the only bascule bridge of the city. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Saint Gertrude of Nivelles (626 – March 17, 659) was abbess of the Benedictine monastery of Nivelles, in present-day Belgium. The Bascule Bridge is a paved one-lane highway bridge in Westport, Massachusetts, USA.

See also

History of Berlin