Byzantine-Georgian wars
Date 1064 to 1308 (End of Sultanate of Rum) Location Asia Minor Result Georgia loses then reconquers territory
Belligerents
Byzantine Empire	Georgia
Strength
Potential to raise 250,000 c. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between 1025 25,000 - 50,000 Field troops in 1140.	Unknown, perhaps fewer

The Byzantine-Georgian wars were a series conflicts fought during the 11th century and were mainly focused on several strategic districts in the Byzantine-Georgian-Armenian marchlands. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Most of these lands were granted by Emperor Basil II to the Georgian courapalates David III of Tao in reward for his crucial assistance in the struggle against the rebel general Bardas Sklerus (978/9). Basil II, surnamed the Bulgar-slayer (Βασίλειος Β΄ Βουλγαροκτόνος Basileios II Boulgaroktonos, 958 &ndash December 15 1025 David III Kuropalates (დავით III კუროპალატი Davit’ III Kuropalati) or David III the Great (დავით III დიდი Bardas Skleros or Sclerus was a Byzantine general who led a wide-scale Asian Rebellion against Emperor Basil II in 976-979 Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany However, David supported another unsuccessful noble revolt led by Bardas Phocas at the end of the 980s. Bardas Phocas was an eminent Byzantine general who took a conspicuous part in three revolts pro and contra the ruling Macedonian dynasty. Events By Place Europe Otto II renounces his claim to Lorraine. As a result, David was forced to make Basil II the legatee of his princedom. This agreement destroyed a previous arrangement by which David had made his adopted son, Bagrat of Abkhazia, his heir. Bagrat III (ბაგრატ III (c 960 – May 7, 1014) of the Georgian Bagrationi dynasty was King of the Abkhazians from When David died early in 1000, Basil added his inheritance – Tao, Theodosiopolis (aka Karin, Karnu; the present day Erzurum), Phasiane and the Lake Van region (Apahunik) with the city of Manzikert – to the Byzantine Empire. Theodosiopolis redirects here it is also a name of the ancient city of Apros, Thrace Theodosiopolis redirects here it is also a name of the ancient city of Apros, Thrace The Phasians (Phasiani or Phasianoi Φαστανοζ were a subdivision of the Colchian tribes located in the eastern part of Pontus. Lake Van (Van Gölü Gola Wanê Վանա լիճ Daryacheye Van ("Lake of Van" is the largest Lake Malazgirt (also Malâzgird; Մանզիկերտ Manzikert) is a town in Muş Province in eastern Turkey, with a population of 23697 (year 2000 The following year, the Georgian prince Gurgen, natural father of Bagrat, marched to take David’s inheritance, but was thwarted by the Byzantine general Nikephoros Ouranos, dux of Antioch. Gurgen also known as Gurgen Magistros ( Georgian: გურგენი which is also transliterated as Gourgen and in some sources Gurgan) of Nikephoros Ouranos (Greek Νικηφόρος Ουρανός) was the Byzantine Strategos of Antiocheia from 999 to circa Dux (plural duces) is Latin for leader (from the verb ducere, 'to lead' and could refer to anyone who commanded troops such Antioch on the Orontes (Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη Antiochia ad Orontem also Despite these setbacks, Bagrat was able to become the first king of the unified Georgian state in 1008. He died in 1014, and his son, George I, inherited a longstanding claim to those territories in Tao which were in Byzantine hands. Giorgi I (გიორგი I (998 or 1002 – August 16, 1027) of the House of Bagrationi, was the king of Georgia from 1014 until

Georgian campaigns of Basil II

With Armenian aid, George I invaded and occupied Tao and Phasiane in 1014. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Basil, involved in his campaign against the Bulgarians, sent an army to expel the Georgians. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian This army was decisively defeated, but a Byzantine naval force occupied the Khazar ports in the rear, that is, to the north-west, of George's dominions. The Byzantine navy comprised the naval forces of the Byzantine Empire. "Kazar" redirects here for the Marvel Comics character see Ka-Zar; for the village in Azerbaijan see Xəzər. Once, the annexation of Bulgaria was completed in 1018, preparations for a larger-scale campaign were set in train, beginning with the refortification of Theodosiopolis. In the autumn of 1021, Basil with a large army, reinforced by the Varangian Guards, attacked the Georgians and their Armenian allies recovering Phasiane and pushing on beyond the frontiers of Tao into inner Georgia. The Byzantine army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces serving alongside the Byzantine navy. The Varangians or Varyags ( Old Norse: Væringjar Greek: Βάραγγοι Βαριάγοι Váraggoi / Varyágoi, Ukrainian Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between King George burned the city of Olthisi for not to fall in the enemy’s hands and retreated to Kola. Göle ( Georgian: Kola (კოლა - k'ola) is a district of Ardahan Province of Turkey. A bloody battle was fought near the village Shirimni at the Lake Palakazio (now Çildir, Turkey) on September 11. The Battle of Shirimni also known as the Battle of Palakazio was fought between the Byzantine and Georgian armies at the place of Shirimni at the Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul The emperor won a costly victory, and forced George I to retreat northwards into his kingdom. Plundering the country on his way, Basil withdrew to winter at Trapezus. Trabzon ( Greek: Τραπεζούντα, Trapezounta) is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of Several attempts to negotiate the conflict went in vain. In the meantime George received reinforcements from the Kakhetians, and allied himself with the Byzantine commanders Nicephorus Phocas and Nicephorus Xiphias in their abortive insurrection in the emperor’s rear. Kakheti ( Georgian: კახეთი is a province in Eastern Georgia. Nicephorus Xiphias was a Byzantine military commander during the reign of Emperor Basil II. In December, George’s ally, the Armenian king Senekerim of Vaspurakan, being harassed by the Seljuk Turks, surrendered his kingdom to the emperor. Vaspurakan (also transliterated as Vasbouragan in Western Armenian; Վասպուրական meaning the "noble land" or "land of princes" was first a province The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in During the spring of 1022, Basil launched a final offensive winning a crushing victory over the Georgians at Svindax. The Battle of Svindax was fought during the spring of 1022 between the Byzantine army of Emperor Basil II and the Georgian army of King Menaced both by land and sea, King George handed over Tao, Phasiane, Kola, Artaan and Javakheti, and left his infant son Bagrat a hostage in Basil's hands. KOLA is a commercial Classic hits music Radio station in San Bernardino California, broadcasting to the Riverside - San Bernardino California Ardahan (Արդահան Ардаган არტაანი is a city in northeastern Turkey on the Georgian border Javakheti (Javakhk (ჯავახეთი Javakheti; Ջավախք Javakhk is a historical region of Georgia in the southeastern part of the country's Samtskhe-Javakheti

Georgian civil wars

On the death of his father, Bagrat returned home to become King Bagrat IV of Georgia in 1025. Bagrat IV (ბაგრატ IV (1018 – November 24, 1072) of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the King of Georgia from 1027 to 1072 However, a powerful party of Georgian nobles refused to recognize his suzerainty, and invited a Byzantine army in 1028. The Byzantine army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces serving alongside the Byzantine navy. The Byzantines overran the Georgian borderlands and invested Kldekari, a key fortress in Trialeti province, but failed to take it and marched back on the region Shavsheti. Trialeti (თრიალეთი is a mountainous area in central Georgia. Şavşat ( Georgian: შავშეთი ( Latin transliteration: Shavsheti) is a town and district of Artvin Province in the Black The local bishop Saba of Tbeti organized a successful defense of the area forcing the Byzantines to change their tactics. The emperor Constantine VIII then sent Demetrius, an exiled Georgian prince, who was considered by many as a legitimate pretender to the throne, to take a Georgian crown by force. Constantine VIII ( Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Η΄ Kōnstantinos VIII) (960&ndash November 15, 1028) was Byzantine emperor This incited a new tide of the rebellion against Bagrat and his regent, queen dowager Mariam of Vaspurakan. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Princess Mother redirects here for Princess Mother Srinagraidra of Thailand see Srinagarindra A Queen Dowager or Dowager Queen (compare Mariam (Մարյամ მარიამი was the daughter of John-Senekerim II Artsruni, an Armenian king of Vaspurakan, and the first consort In the end of 1028, Constantine died, and the new emperor Romanus III recalled his army from Georgia. Queen Mariam visited Constantinople in 1029/30 and negotiated a peace treaty between the two countries. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS

Early in the 1040s, a feudal opposition staged another revolt against Bagrat IV of Georgia. Bagrat IV (ბაგრატ IV (1018 – November 24, 1072) of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the King of Georgia from 1027 to 1072 The rebels led this time by Liparit IV, Duke of Kldekari, requested a Byzantine aid and attempted to put Prince Demetrius on the throne. Liparit IV, sometimes known as Liparit III (ლიპარიტ IV) was an eleventh century Georgian general and political figure who was at times the most valuable Yet, despite their efforts to take a key fortress Ateni went in vain, Liparit and the Byzantines won a major victory at the Battle of Sasireti in 1042 forcing Bagrat to take refuge in the western Georgian highlands. The Battle of Sasireti (სასირეთის ბრძოლა took place in 1042 at the village of Sasireti in the present day Shida Kartli region Soon Bagrat headed for Constantinople and, after the three years of negotiations achieved his recognition by the Byzantine court. Back to Georgia in 1051, he was able to force Liparit into exile. Actually, this was the end of the Byzantine-Georgian conflicts.

Aftermath

Kingdom of Georgia under Queen Tamar. Copyright©2004 Andrew Andersen.

Despite the territorial losses to Basil II, the Georgian kings succeeded in retaining their independence and in uniting most of the Georgian lands into a single state. Basil II, surnamed the Bulgar-slayer (Βασίλειος Β΄ Βουλγαροκτόνος Basileios II Boulgaroktonos, 958 &ndash December 15 1025 Many of the territories ceded to the empire were conquered by the Seljuk Turks towards the 1070s-1080s, but were then retaken by the Georgian King David IV. The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in David IV, also known as David II or David III, or David the Builder ( Georgian: დავით აღმაშენებელი Relations between the two Christian monarchies were then generally peaceful except for the episode of 1204, when Tamar of Georgia took advantage of the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople, and invaded the Black Sea provinces of the empire to help the Comnenus princes to found the Trapezuntine kingdom. Tamar (თამარი also transliterated as T'amar Thamar or Tamara ( c The Fourth Crusade (1202&ndash1204 was originally designed to conquer Muslim Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey The Empire of Trebizond ( was a Byzantine Greek successor state of the Byzantine Empire founded in 1204 as a result of the capture of Constantinople

See also

• Tao-Klarjeti

External links

• Roman Emperors: Basil II