The Bychowiec Chronicle (also spelled Bykhovets, Bykovets or Bychovec) named the Letopis of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania is an anonymous 16th century chronicle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Generally a chronicle (chronica from Greek (from) is a historical account of facts and events in chronological order The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje Although one of the least reliable sources of the epoch[1], it is considered the most complete redaction of the Lithuanian Chronicles. The Lithuanian Chronicles (Lietuvos metraščiai are three Redactions of chronicles compiled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The name comes from the discoverer of the manuscript, a 19th century Polish historian Aleksander Bychowiec. Aleksander Bychowiec of Mogiła was a 19th century Polish noble and an amateur historian It was discovered in 1830; it was popularized by Teodor Narbutt, who published it in full in 1846. Teodor Narbutt (1784 – 1864 was a Polish-Lithuanian writer Romanticist Historian and military engineer An apology of various magnate families of the Grand Duchy, it was most probably authored between 1519 and 1542[1], under the guidance of Grand Chancellor of Lithuania Albertas Goštautas, though some parts continued to be added until 1574. Kanclerz ( Polish for Chancellor, from Latin: cancellarius) was one of the highest Officials in the historic Poland. Albrecht Goštautas (Albertas Goštautas Albertus Gastold Альберт Гаштольд Olbracht Gasztołd (c [2]
The chronicle describes events in the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 13th to the early 16th century. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje It can be logically divided into depiction of the wars between Lithuania and Poland, and the wars between Lithuania and Ruthenia, against East Slav principalities of present-day Belarus, Russia and Ukraine; it also deals with the struggle against the Mongol invasion and the Teutonic Knights. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Mongol invasion of Rus' was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223 between Subutai 's reconnaissance unit and the combined force The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order.
The chronicle was published in 1907 in the Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles, vol 17 (Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei) among 25 most important East Slavic manuscripts. The Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles ( Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopisey, abbr A manuscript is any Document that is Written by hand as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way
Although one of the least reliable Slavonic chronicles[1], the Bykhovets chronicle is generally believed to have used many medieval documents as its source. The research[3] by the comparative text analysis, however, attempted to prove that the ultimate source of the Bychowiec manuscript was, in fact, the Halych-Volhynian Chronicle only, possibly in a copy or in excerpts that differed slightly from the versions we know now. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle is a historical record covering 1201 – 1291 in the history of the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia (in modern Ukraine
Notes and references
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- In-line:
- ^ a b c (Polish) Jarosław Nikodem (2002). "Przyczyny zamordowania Zygmunta Kiejstutowicza". Беларускі Гістарычны Зборнік - Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne 17.
- ^ (English) S. C. Rowell (1994). "Sources", in Rosamond McKitterick: Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295-1345. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 43. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the ISBN 0-521-45011-X.
- ^ Perfecky, George A. . "The Galician-Volynian Chronicle as a source of the Bykovets' Chronicle. ". Studia Ucrainica. 2 (1984): 111-118.
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- General:
- Perfecky, George A. . "Galician-Volynian Chronicle". Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet Literature / ed. by Harry B. Weber. . Gulf Breeze, FL. : Academic International Press, 1977-. 8 (1987): 97-100. Biblio.
- (Lithuanian) Nadežda Morozova (2002). "LDK metrašciu kalbos ir tekstologijos problemos: Bychovco kronika (Linguistic and Textological Problems of the GDL Annals: the Bychowiec Chronicle)" (pdf). Lithuanian Historical Studies 7. ISSN 1392-2343.
External links
- Хроніка Биховця. Том 32. Литовсько-білоруські літописи (The Bykhovets Chronicle. Volume 32. Lithuanian-belarusian chronicles.) Electronic publication from the Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles, editor B. The Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles ( Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopisey, abbr N. Rybakov
- The Encyclopedia of Ukraine on-line about the Bykhovets chronicle
- Ukrainian literature in English (1980-1998), a bibliography compilation by Marta Tarnawsky
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