History of Greater Iran
Empires of Persia · Kings of Persia
Pre-modern
Before Islam  BCE Zayandeh River Civilization prehistoric–? Sialk civilization 7500–1000 Jiroft civilization (Aratta) 3000–? Proto-Elamite civilization 3200–2800 Bactria-Margiana Complex 2200–1700 Elamite dynasties 2800–550 Kingdom of Mannai 10th–7th cent. Greater Iran (in Irān-e Bozorg, or fa ایران‌زمین Irān-zamīn; the Encyclopedia Iranica uses the term The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The following is a comprehensive list of kings of Persia, which includes all of the empires ruling over geographical Iran The Islamic conquest of Persia (633–656 led to the end of the Sassanid Empire and the eventual extirpation of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia Sialk is a large ancient archeological site near Kashan, Iran, tucked away in the suburbs of the city of Kashan, in central Iran, close to The Proto-Elamite period is the time of ca 3200 BC to 2700 BC when Susa, the later capital of the Elamites began to receive influence from the The Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (or BMAC, also known as the Oxus civilization) is the modern archaeological designation for a Bronze Age Elam is the name of an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. The Mannaeans (country name usually Mannea; Akkadian: Mannai, possibly Biblical Minni, מנּי were an ancient people of unknown origin Median Empire 728–550 Achaemenid Empire 550–330 Seleucid Empire 330–150 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 250-125 Parthian Empire 248–CE 224 CE Kushan Empire 30–275 Sassanid Empire 224–651 Hephthalite Empire 425–557 Kabul-Shahi dynasty 565–670
After Islamic Conquest  Patriarchal Caliphate 637–651 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Alavid dynasty 864–928 Saffarid dynasty 861–1003 Samanid dynasty 819–999 Ziyarid dynasty 928–1043 Buyid Dynasty 934–1055 Ghaznavid Empire 975–1187 Ghori dynasty 1149–1212 Seljuk Empire 1037–1194 Khwarezmid dynasty 1077–1231 Kartids dynasty 1231-1389 Ilkhanate 1256–1353 Muzaffarid dynasty 1314–1393 Chupanid dynasty 1337–1357 Jalayerid dynasty 1339–1432 Timurid Empire 1370–1506 Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans 1407–1468 Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans 1378–1508 Safavid Empire 1501–1722* Mughal Empire 1526–1857 Hotaki dynasty 1722–1729 Afsharid dynasty 1736–1802 * or 1736
Modern SSR = Soviet Socialist Republic
Afghanistan  Durrani Empire 1748–1823 British and Russian influence 1826–1919 Independence and civil war 1919–1929 Mohammedzai rule 1929–1973 Republic of Afghanistan 1973–1978 Communist rule 1978–1992 Recent history of Afghanistan since 1992 Timeline
Azerbaijan  Khanates of the Caucasus 1722–1828 Russian Rule 1828–1917 Democratic Republic 1918–1920 Azerbaijan SSR 1920–1991 Republic of Azerbaijan since 1991
Bahrain  Portuguese rule 1521–1602 British Treaty 1820–1971 Kingdom of Bahrain since 1971
Iran  Zand dynasty 1750–1794 Qajar dynasty 1781–1925 Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979 Iranian Revolution 1979 Provisional Government 1979 Islamic Republic of Iran since 1979
Iraq  Ottoman Empire 1632–1919 Hashimite monarchy 1920–1958 Coup and Republic 1958–2003 Republic of Iraq since 2004
Tajikistan  Emirate of Bukhara 1785–1920 Bukharan / Uzbek SSR 1920–1929 Tajik Autonomous SSR 1929 Tajik SSR 1929–1991 Republic of Tajikistan since 1991
Uzbekistan  Emirate of Bukhara 1785–1920 Uzbek SSR 1924–1991 Independence 1991 Republic of Uzbekistan since 1991

Buyid Dynasty

The Buyids (Caspian:Bowyiyün) (Persian: آل بویه), also known as Buwaihids, Buyyids, or Āl-i Būya, are an Iranian^[1][2][3] people who founded a Shi'a dynastic confederation of Persia from Daylaman, a region in northern Iran, on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. The Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i The Gr(aeco-Bactrian Kingdom was the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 Parthia ( Middle Persian: اشکانیان Ashkâniân) was an Iranian civilization situated in the northeastern part of modern Iran The Kushan Empire (c 1st &ndash 3rd centuries) was a Bactrian state that at its cultural zenith Circa 105 &ndash 250 The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire The Hephthalites or White Huns were a Central Asian Nomadic confederation whose precise origins and composition remain obscure The Islamic conquest of Persia (633–656 led to the end of the Sassanid Empire and the eventual extirpation of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia The Islamic conquest of Persia (633–656 led to the end of the Sassanid Empire and the eventual extirpation of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia The Tahirid dynasty, (سلسله طاهریان Persian: ( 821 - 873) ruled the northeastern Persian Empire region The Saffarid dynasty ( Persian: سلسله صفاریان ruled a empire in Sistan, which is a historical region now in southeastern Iran and southwestern The Samanids (819–999 ( Sāmāniyān) were a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan, named after its founder Saman The Ziyarids, also spelled Zeyarids (زیاریان or آل زیار were an Iranian dynasty that ruled in the Caspian sea provinces of Gorgan The Buyids (آل بویه Āl-e Buye, Caspian: Bowyiyün also known as Buwaihids or Buyyids, were a Shī‘ah Iranian The Ghaznavid Empire was a Khorāṣānian Sunni Muslim state founded by a dynasty of Turkic Mamluk. The Ghurids (or Ghorids; self-designation Shansabānī) ( were a Persian Sunni - Ismaili Muslim dynasty in Khorasan The Great Seljuq Empire was a Medieval Sunni Muslim empire established by the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks that once controlled The Khwarezmian Empire, more commonly known as the empire of the Khwarezm Shahs ( Khwārezmšhāḥīān, "Kings of Khwarezmia " The Kartid Dynasty ( Karts, also known as Kurts) was a Persian dynasty that ruled over a large part of Khorassan during the 13th The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate (Ил Хан улс Il Khan uls;) was a Mongol Khanate established in The Muzaffarids (آل مظفر in Persian were a Sunni family that came to power in Iran following the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 14th century The Chupanids, also known as the Süldüz or the Chobanids (سلسله امرای چوپانی Amir Chupani) were descendants of a Mongol family The Jalayirids (آل جلایر were a Mongol dynasty which ruled over Iraq and western Persia after the breakup of the Mongol Khanate of Persia The Timurids, self-designated Gurkānī ( were a Persianate Central Asian Sunni Muslim dynasty The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans ( Turkmen: Garagoýunly; Azeri: Qaraqoyunlu The Ak Koyunlu or Aq Qoyunlu, also called the White Sheep Turkomans ( Turkmen: Akgoýunly, Azeri: Ağqoyunlu, The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most The Hotaki dynasty (1709-1738 was founded in 1709 by Mirwais Khan Hotak, an ethnic Pashtun ( Afghan) from the Ghilzai clan of Kandahar province The Afsharids (سلسله افشار were an Iranian dynasty of Turkic descent from Khorasan that ruled the Persian Empire in the 18th century The Republics of the Soviet Union were according to the Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, Sovereign Soviet Socialist states that had united with other Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, The Durrani Empire (also referred to as the Afghan Empire) was a large state based in modern Afghanistan and Pakistan and later included northeastern The European influence in Afghanistan refers to political social and sometimes Imperialistic influence various European nations have had on this historical development of the Amanullah Khan reigned in Afghanistan from 1919 achieving full independence from the British Empire shortly afterwards Reign of Mohammed Nadir Shah 1929-1933 Mohammed Nadir Shah quickly abolished most of Amanullah Khan 's reforms but despite his efforts to rebuild an army Mohammed Daoud Khan ( July 18, 1909 – April 28, 1978) was a politician in Afghanistan who overthrew the monarchy of Zahir Shah The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was a Soviet -backed government in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. See also Civil war in Afghanistan This article on the History of Afghanistan since 1992 covers the time period from the fall of the Najibullah government in 1992 This is a timeline of Afghanistan. To read about the background to these events see History of Afghanistan. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South This article is about the history of Azerbaijan. For the history of Iranian Azerbaijan, please see the History of Iran Azerbaijan or This article is about the history of Azerbaijan. For the history of Iranian Azerbaijan, please see the History of Iran Azerbaijan or The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic ( ADR; Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti was the first Democratic and Secular Republic in the Muslim world This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South The Kingdom of Bahrain (in مملكة البحرين,, literally Kingdom of the Two Seas) is an Island country in the Persian Gulf Bahrain is a borderless Island country in the Persian Gulf. Although Bahrain became an independent country in 1971 the history of these islands starts Bahrain is a borderless Island country in the Persian Gulf. Although Bahrain became an independent country in 1971 the history of these islands starts The Kingdom of Bahrain (in مملكة البحرين,, literally Kingdom of the Two Seas) is an Island country in the Persian Gulf For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Zand dynasty ( (سلسله زندیه ruled southern and central Iran ( 1750 &ndash 1794) in the eighteenth century The Qajar dynasty (also known as Ghajar or Kadjar ( ( - or دودمان قاجار) is a common term to describe Iran (then known as Persia) under The Iranian Revolution' (mostly known as the Islamic Revolution, Persian: انقلاب اسلامی Enghelābe Eslāmi was the Revolution that transformed The Interim Government of Iran ( 1979 - 1980) was the first government established in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah ( king) Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish This article includes an overview from prehistory to the present in the region of the current state of Iraq in Mesopotamia. This article includes an overview from prehistory to the present in the region of the current state of Iraq in Mesopotamia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Tajikistan (təˈdʒɪkɨstæn or /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/ Тоҷикистон tɔʤikɪsˈtɔn or, Persian تاجیکستان‎ taajikestaan officially the Republic of The Emirate of Bukhara ( Buxoro Amirligi; Аморати Бухоро was a Central Asian state that existed from 1785 to 1920 The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (Бухарская Народная Советская Республика was the name of Uzbekistan from 1920 to 1925 The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси O`zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Республикаи Советии Социалистии Тоҷикистон Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tocikiston; Таджикская Tajikistan (təˈdʒɪkɨstæn or /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/ Тоҷикистон tɔʤikɪsˈtɔn or, Persian تاجیکستان‎ taajikestaan officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly The Emirate of Bukhara ( Buxoro Amirligi; Аморати Бухоро was a Central Asian state that existed from 1785 to 1920 The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси O`zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская Located in the heart of Central Asia between the Amu Darya (Oxus and Syr Darya (Jaxartes Rivers Uzbekistan has a long and interesting heritage Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Caspian languages are a branch of northwestern Iranian languages spoken in northern Iran, south of the Caspian Sea. The Iranian people are a collection of Ethnic groups defined along linguistic lines as speaking Iranian languages. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Daylam (Sometimes Daylaman, Dailam or Delam) was a province of Persia, now part of Gīlān. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea.

In pre-Islamic times they had served as mercenaries for the Sasanian kings of Iran, but were independent from their rule. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. They were considered a formidable military force, especially because of their ability as foot soldiers. Succession of power was hereditary, with fathers dividing their land among their sons. During the time of Harun al-Rashid, the Alid people sought refuge among them. Hārūn al-Rashīd (and Persian: هارون الرشيد) also spelled Harun ar-Rashid; English: Aaron the Upright, Aaron the The Alid dynasties descended from Ali ibn Abi Talib, son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

The Vakeel Bazaar of Shiraz was originally built during the Buyid era, possibly during the rule of Adud al-Dowleh. Vakil Bazaar is the main bazaar of Shiraz and is located in the historical center of the city Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province.

The start of the Buwayhid confederation was led by Ali b. Buya and his two younger brothers, al-Hasan and Ahmad. ' Ali ibn Buya "'Imad al-Daula" (c 891/2–December 949 was the founder of the Buyid state in Iran (in Shiraz, 934–949 After having secured a partnership with an important Persian landowner named Zayd b. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Ali al-Nawbandajani, Ali was able to recruit an army to defeat a Turkish general from Baghdad named Yaqut (General) in 934. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous Events By Place Asia The Goryeo army defeats Hubaekje forces in present-day Hongseong County. After that they established power within the crumbling Abbasid empire in the form of a confederation rather than a new empire. The Buwayhids were Persian revivalists. While accepting the titular authority of the caliph in Baghdad, Buwayhid rulers assumed control as the "Grand Vizier". A Vizier ( - wazīr) (sometimes also spelled Vazir Vizir Vasir Wazir Vesir, or Vezir - grammatical vowel changes are common in many western Asian In fact, they used the ancient Sassanid title Shâhanshâh (شاهنشاه), literally king of kings. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire Shah is an Iranian term for a Monarch (leader that has been adopted in many other languages ^[4]

During the 900s, Buwayhid dynasties took power in Fars (southwestern Iran, 934-1062); Rayy (977-1029); Jibal (932-1028); Kerman (936-1048). Fars (pronounced/fɑː(ɹs ( Persian: فارس Fârs) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. See Rayshahr for the Sassanid center of learning in Fars province Jibāl ( جبال) was a short-lived Arab-ruled province located in western Iran, under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad Kerman (کرمان is a city in Iran. It is the center of Kerman province. From 945-1055, a Buwayhid dynasty ruled Baghdad and most of Iraq. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics.

During the mid-1000s, the Buwayhid dynasties all fell to the Seljuq dynasty or their allies. The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in

Buwayhid amirs

Major amirs

Generally, the three most powerful Buwayhid amirs at any given time were those in control of Fars, Jibal and Iraq. Fars (pronounced/fɑː(ɹs ( Persian: فارس Fârs) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Jibāl ( جبال) was a short-lived Arab-ruled province located in western Iran, under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Sometimes a ruler would come to rule more than one region, but no Buwayhid amir ever exercised direct control of all three regions.

Buyid era art: Painted, incised, and glazed earthenware. Dated 10th century, Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile in New York City,

Daylamids of Fars

• Ali b. Buya ('Imad ad-Dawla) 934-949
• Fana Khusraw ('Adud ad-Dawla) 949-983
• Shirzil b. Fana Khusraw (Sharaf ad-Dawla) 983-989
• Marzuban b. Fana Khusraw (Samsam ad-Dawla) 989-998
• Firuz b. Fana Khusraw (Baha' ad-Dawla) 998-1012
• Abu Shuja' b. Firuz (Sultan ad-Dawla) 1012-1024
• Abu Kalijar Marzuban b. Abu Shuja' (Imad al-Din) 1024-1048
• Khusraw Firuz b. ' Ali ibn Buya "'Imad al-Daula" (c 891/2–December 949 was the founder of the Buyid state in Iran (in Shiraz, 934–949 Events By Place Asia The Goryeo army defeats Hubaekje forces in present-day Hongseong County. Events By Topic Science 1 February — Belgian Astronomer Jean Meeus (b Aḍud al-Dawla ( Arabic: عضد الدولة) or Azod od-Dowleh Fana Khusraw ( ( September 24, 936, Isfahan - March Events By Topic Science 1 February — Belgian Astronomer Jean Meeus (b Events By Place Asia Wood carvers commissioned by China's Song Dynasty complete a carving of the entire Buddhist canon Shirdil Abu'l-Fawaris (c 960 - September 7, 988 or September 6, 989) was the Buyid amir of Kerman and Fars Events By Place Asia Wood carvers commissioned by China's Song Dynasty complete a carving of the entire Buddhist canon Events By Topic Education Sankore University is founded in Timbuktu. Marzuban (c 963-December 998 was the Buyid amir of Iraq (983-987 as well as Fars and Kerman (988 or 989-998 Events By Topic Education Sankore University is founded in Timbuktu. Events By Place Europe Otto III retakes the city of Rome and reinstates his cousin Pope Gregory V, after mutilating Baha' al-Daula (d December 22 1012) was the Buyid amir of Iraq (988-1012 along with Fars and Kerman (998-1012 Events By Place Europe Otto III retakes the city of Rome and reinstates his cousin Pope Gregory V, after mutilating Abu Shuja (993 &ndash December 1024 was the Buyid amir of Fars (1012-1024 and Iraq (1012-1021 Abu Kalijar (d October 1048) was the Buyid amir of Fars ( 1024 -1048 Kerman ( 1028 -1048 and Iraq ( 1044 Marzuban (Abu Nasr al-Malik al-Rahim) 1048-1055
• Fulad Sultan b. Marzuban (Abu Mansur) 1055-1062

Power in Fars seized by the Shabankara Kurdish Chief Fadluya

Daylamids of Rey

• Rukn ad-Dawla 935-976
• Fakhr ad-Dawla 976-980
• Mu'ayyed ad-Dawla 980-983
• Fakhr ad-Dawla (restored) 984-997
• Majd ad-Dawla 997-1029

To the Ghaznavids. Shabankareh (other spellings Shabankara Shwankara was name of an ancient Kurdish tribal federation in southern Zaghros. See Rayshahr for the Sassanid center of learning in Fars province Hasan (d September 976 was the first Buyid amir of northern and central Iran (c Events By Place Europe Estimation Córdoba, capital of Al-Andalus, becomes the largest city of the world taking the lead For the 976 telephone prefix see Premium-rate telephone number Events By Place Byzantine Empire January 10 — Fakhr al-Daula ( Arabic: فخر الدولة) (d October or November 997 was the Buyid amir of Jibal (976-980 984-997 Hamadan For the 976 telephone prefix see Premium-rate telephone number Events By Place Byzantine Empire January 10 — Events By Place Europe Otto II renounces his claim to Lorraine. Mu'ayyad al-Daula (d 983 was the Buyid amir of Hamadan (976-983 Jibal (977-983 Tabaristan (980-983 and Gorgan (981-983 Events By Place Europe Otto II renounces his claim to Lorraine. Events By Place Asia Wood carvers commissioned by China's Song Dynasty complete a carving of the entire Buddhist canon Events By Place Asia Emperor Kazan succeeds Emperor En'yū on the throne of Japan. Events By Place Europe First documented reference to the City of Gdańsk. Abu Taleb Rostam was the Buyid amir of Ray, a city in Iran (997-1029 Events By Place Europe First documented reference to the City of Gdańsk. The Ghaznavid Empire was a Khorāṣānian Sunni Muslim state founded by a dynasty of Turkic Mamluk.

Daylamids of Iraq

• Mu'izz ad-Dawla 945-967
• 'Izz ad-Dawla 966-978
• 'Adud ad-Dawla 978-983
• Samsam ad-Dawla 983-987
• Sharaf ad-Dawla 987-989
• Baha' ad-Dawla 989-1012
• Sultan ad-Dawla 1012-1021
• Musharrif ad-Dawla 1021-1025
• Jalal ad-Dawla 1025-1044
• Abu Kalijar 1044-1048
• al-Malik ar-Rahim 1048-1055

To the Seljuks. Ahmad (d April 8, 967) was the first of the Buwayhid Emirs of Iraq, ruling from 945 until his death Events By Place Asia The Buwayhid Dynasty takes control of Baghdad (it does not supplant the local caliphate) 967 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Europe The Bishopric of Merseburg is formed in Saxony ' Izz al-Daula (d 978 was the Buyid amir of Iraq (967-978 He was born Bakhtiyar and was the son of Mu'izz al-Daula. 966 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Europe April 14 or April 30 — Mieszko Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany Aḍud al-Dawla ( Arabic: عضد الدولة) or Azod od-Dowleh Fana Khusraw ( ( September 24, 936, Isfahan - March Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany Events By Place Asia Wood carvers commissioned by China's Song Dynasty complete a carving of the entire Buddhist canon Marzuban (c 963-December 998 was the Buyid amir of Iraq (983-987 as well as Fars and Kerman (988 or 989-998 Events By Place Asia Wood carvers commissioned by China's Song Dynasty complete a carving of the entire Buddhist canon Events By Place Europe Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, is crowned King of France. Shirdil Abu'l-Fawaris (c 960 - September 7, 988 or September 6, 989) was the Buyid amir of Kerman and Fars Events By Place Europe Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, is crowned King of France. Events By Topic Education Sankore University is founded in Timbuktu. Baha' al-Daula (d December 22 1012) was the Buyid amir of Iraq (988-1012 along with Fars and Kerman (998-1012 Events By Topic Education Sankore University is founded in Timbuktu. Abu Shuja (993 &ndash December 1024 was the Buyid amir of Fars (1012-1024 and Iraq (1012-1021 Abu 'Ali (1003 &ndash May 1025 was the Buyid amir of Iraq (1021-1025 Abu Tahir Jalal al-Daula (993 or 994-March 1044 was the Buyid amir of Iraq (1027-1044 Abu Kalijar (d October 1048) was the Buyid amir of Fars ( 1024 -1048 Kerman ( 1028 -1048 and Iraq ( 1044 Abu Nasr Khusrau Firuz (died 1058 or 1059) was the Buyid amir of Iraq (October 1048 - 1055) The Great Seljuq Empire was a Medieval Sunni Muslim empire established by the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks that once controlled

Minor Rulers

It was not uncommon for younger sons to found collateral lines, or for individual Buwayhid members to take control of a province and begin ruling there. Note: the following list is incomplete.

Buwayhids of Basra

• Diya' al-Daula 980s

To the Buwayhids of Fars. Diya' al-Daula was the Buyid ruler of Basra during the 980s. He was the son of 'Adud al-Daula. Events and Trends 983 — Pagan West Slavs revolt temporarily ending attempts at conversion and forcing abandonment of German sees and monasteries east

Buwayhids of Hamadan

• Mu'ayyad al-Daula 976-983
• Shams al-Daula 997-1021
• Sama' al-Daula 1021-1024

To the Kakuyids. Mu'ayyad al-Daula (d 983 was the Buyid amir of Hamadan (976-983 Jibal (977-983 Tabaristan (980-983 and Gorgan (981-983 For the 976 telephone prefix see Premium-rate telephone number Events By Place Byzantine Empire January 10 — Events By Place Asia Wood carvers commissioned by China's Song Dynasty complete a carving of the entire Buddhist canon Abu Taher (d 1021 was the Buyid ruler of Hamadan from 997 to 1021 Events By Place Europe First documented reference to the City of Gdańsk. Sama' al-Daula was the Buyid ruler of Hamadan ( 1021 - 1023 or 1024) The Kakuyids (also called Kakwayhids) were a Daylamite (Northern Iranian people) dynasty that held power in Isfahan (c

Buwayhids of Kerman

• Qawam al-Daula 1012-1028

To the Buwayhids of Fars. Abu'l-Fawaris (April 1000 &ndash October/November 1028 was the Buyid ruler of Kerman (1012-1028

Buwayhids of Khuzistan

• Taj al-Daula 980s

To the Buwayhids of Fars. Taj al-Daula was the Buyid ruler of Khuzestan during the 980s. Events and Trends 983 — Pagan West Slavs revolt temporarily ending attempts at conversion and forcing abandonment of German sees and monasteries east

References

1. ^ Encyclopedia Iranica: DEYLAMITES
2. ^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University, 1996. pg 154-155.
3. ^ "Buyid Dynasty. " Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 25 Jan. 2008 <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9018373>. Excerpt:Islamic dynasty of pronounced Iranian and Shi'i character that provided native rule in western Iran and Iraq in the period between the Arab and Turkish conquests. Of Daylamite (northern Iranian) origin, the line was founded by the three sons of Buyeh (or Buwayh), 'Ali, Hasan, and Ahmad.
4. ^ See:
   • Patrick Clawson. Patrick Lyell Clawson (born 1951-03-30) is an American Economist and Middle East scholar Eternal Iran. Palgrave Macmillan. 2005. ISBN 1-4039-6276-6 p. 19
   • The most thorough treatment of the Buyids is: The Buwayhid Dynasty of Baghdad by Mafizullah Kabir. Calcutta. Iran Society. 1964

Another excellent discussion of the Buyids is Harvard professor Roy Mottahedeh's Loyalty and Leadership in an Early Islamic Society

See also

• Full list of Iranian Kingdoms

[6] The Buyid Domination as the Historical Background for the Flourishing of Muslim Scholarship During the 4th/10th Century by Dr. The following is a comprehensive list of kings of Persia, which includes all of the empires ruling over geographical Iran M. Ismail Marcinkowski*

Links

• Encyclopedia Iranica: DEYLAMITES
• [1] The Buyid Domination as the Historical Background for the Flourishing of Muslim Scholarship During the 4th/10th Century by Dr. M. Ismail Marcinkowski]