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n-Butane
Identifiers
CAS number [106-97-8]
SMILES CCCC
Properties
Molecular formula C4H10
Molar mass 58. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 124 g/mol
Appearance Colorless gas
Density 2. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 48 g/l, gas (15 °C, 1 atm)
Melting point

−138. The Standard atmosphere is an international reference pressure defined as 101325 Pa and formerly used as unit of Pressure (symbol atm The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. 4 °C (135. 4 K)
Boiling point

−0. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid 5 °C (272. 6 K)
Solubility in water 6. Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. 1 mg/100 ml (20 °C)
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
EU classification Highly flammable (F+)
NFPA 704
4
1
0
 
Flash point −60 °C
Related compounds
Related alkanes Propane; Pentane
Related compounds Isobutane; Cyclobutane
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties		 n, εr, etc. A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance This page provides supplementary chemical data on ''n''-butane. Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification packaging and labelling Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air Alkanes, also known as Paraffins are Chemical compounds that consist only of the elements Carbon (C and Hydrogen (H (i Propane is a three- Carbon Alkane, normally a gas but compressible to a liquid that is transportable Pentane is any or one of the Organic compounds with the formula C5H12 Isobutane, also known as methylpropane or 2-methylpropane, is an Alkane, Isomeric with Butane. Cyclobutane, C4H8 with a molecular mass of 56107g/mol is a four Carbon Alkane in which all the Carbon Atoms are arranged This page provides supplementary chemical data on ''n''-butane. This page provides supplementary chemical data on ''n''-butane. The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium Measurement The relative static permittivity εr can be measured for static Electric fields as follows first the Capacitance of a test
Thermodynamic
data		 Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. This page provides supplementary chemical data on ''n''-butane. This page provides supplementary chemical data on ''n''-butane. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry ( UV/ VIS) involves the Spectroscopy of Photons in the UV-visible Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy is the subset of Spectroscopy that deals with the Infrared region of the Electromagnetic spectrum. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is the name given to a technique which exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that identifies the chemical composition of a compound or sample based on the Mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Alkanes, also known as Paraffins are Chemical compounds that consist only of the elements Carbon (C and Hydrogen (H (i Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 History See also Atomic theory, Atomism The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny Butane is also used as a collective term for n-butane together with its only other isomer, isobutane (also called methylpropane), CH(CH3)3. This article is about the chemical concept For "isomerism" of atomic nuclei see Nuclear isomer. Isobutane, also known as methylpropane or 2-methylpropane, is an Alkane, Isomeric with Butane.

Butanes are highly flammable, colorless, odorless, easily liquefied gases. In Physics, to liquefy (sometimes spelled liquify) means to turn something into the Liquid state This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter The name butane comes from the roots but- and -ane. The IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Alkanes, also known as Paraffins are Chemical compounds that consist only of the elements Carbon (C and Hydrogen (H (i

Structures of the two isomers of butane

n-Butane

Isobutane

Contents

Reactions and uses

When oxygen is plentiful, butane burns to form carbon dioxide and water vapor; when oxygen is limited, carbon (soot) or carbon monoxide may also be formed. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single

2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O

n-Butane is the feedstock for DuPont's catalytic process for the preparation of maleic anhydride:

2 CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 7O2 → 2 C2H2(CO)2O + 8 H2O

n-Butane, like all hydrocarbons, undergoes free radical chlorination providing both 1-chloro- and 2-chlorobutanes, as well as more highly chlorinated derivatives. E I du Pont de Nemours and Company (,) is an American chemical company that was founded in July 1802 as a Gunpowder mill by Eleuthère Irénée Maleic anhydride ( cis -butenedioic anhydride toxilic anhydride dihydro-25-dioxofuran is an Organic compound with the formula C4H2O3 In Chemistry, radicals (often referred to as free radicals) are atoms molecules or ions with Unpaired electrons on an otherwise Open shell The relative rates of the chlorination is partially explained by the differing bond dissociation energies, 425 and 411 kJ/mol for the two types of C-H bonds. In Chemistry, bond dissociation energy D0 or BDE, is one measure of the Bond strength in a Chemical bond. The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity The two central carbon atoms have the slightly weaker C-H bonds.

Spectrum of the blue flame from a butane torch showing molecular radical band emission and Swan bands.
Spectrum of the blue flame from a butane torch showing molecular radical band emission and Swan bands. A butane torch is a Tool for Burning the flammable Gas Butane. In Chemistry, radicals (often referred to as free radicals) are atoms molecules or ions with Unpaired electrons on an otherwise Open shell

Butane gas is sold bottled as a fuel for cooking and camping. When blended with propane and other hydrocarbons, it is referred to commercially as LPG. Propane is a three- Carbon Alkane, normally a gas but compressible to a liquid that is transportable Liquefied petroleum gas (also called LPG, GPL, LP Gas, or Autogas) is a mixture of Hydrocarbon Gases used as a Fuel It is also used as a petrol component, as a feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals in steam cracking, as fuel for cigarette lighters and as a propellant in aerosol sprays such as deodorants. A lighter is a portable device used to create a Flame. It consists of a metal or plastic container filled with lighter fluid (usually Naphtha or liquid Butane A propellant is a material that is used to move ("propel" an object Aerosol spray is a type of dispensing system which creates an aerosol mist of liquid particles Deodorants are substances applied to the body particularly the Armpits mainly to reduce Body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of Perspiration.

Very pure forms of butane, especially isobutane, can be used as refrigerants and have largely replaced the ozone layer depleting halomethanes, for instance in household refrigerators and freezers. A refrigerant is a compound used in a heat cycle that undergoes a Phase change from a Gas to a Liquid and back The photochemical mechanisms that give rise to the ozone layer were worked out by the British physicist Sidney Chapman in 1930 Halomethane compounds are molecules of Methane ( C[[hydrogen H]]4 with one or more of the Hydrogen atoms replaced with Halogen atoms The flammability of butane is not a major issue because the amount of butane in an appliance is not enough to cause a combustible mix given the amount of air in a room. The system operating pressure for butane is lower than for the halomethanes, such as R-12, so R-12 systems such as in automotive air conditioning systems, when converted to butane will not function optimally. Dichlorodifluoromethane ( R-12) usually sold under the Brand name Freon-12, is a Chlorofluorocarbon Halomethane, commonly known

Effects and health issues

Inhalation of butane can cause euphoria, drowsiness, narcosis, asphyxia, cardiac arrhythmia and frostbite, which can result in death from asphyxiation and ventricular fibrillation. Somnolence (or " drowsiness " is a state of near- Sleep, a strong desire for sleep or sleeping for unusually long periods (c Dysrhythmia redirects here For the American band see Dysrhythmia (band. Frostbite ( congelatio in Medical terminology) is the Medical condition whereby damage is caused to Skin and other tissues Ventricular fibrillation ( V-fib or VF) is a condition in which there is uncoordinated contraction of the Cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the Butane is the most commonly misused volatile substance in the UK, and was the cause of 52% of "solvent related" deaths in 2000. [1] By spraying butane directly into the throat, the jet of fluid can cool rapidly to –20 °C by expansion, causing prolonged laryngospasm. In Medicine, laryngospasm is an uncontrolled/involuntary muscular contraction ( spasm) of the Laryngeal cords The condition typically lasts less than 30 [2] "Sudden Sniffer's Death syndrome", first described by Bass in 1970,[3] is the most common single cause of "solvent related" death, resulting in 55% of known fatal cases. [2]

Butane gas cylinder used for cooking.
Butane gas cylinder used for cooking.
Butane being sprayed from an aerosol spray can.
Butane being sprayed from an aerosol spray can.

See also

References

  1. ^ Trends in death Associated with Abuse of Volatile Substances 1971-2004 Field-Smith M, Bland JM, Taylor JC, et al. Campingaz is a brand of compressed Butane gas designed for use as a fuel while Camping and caravanning The fuel gas is compressed to a liquid and sold in Calor is the Latin word for 'heat' In medical teaching 'calor' is one of the four classical signs of Inflammation. , Department of Public Health Sciences. London: St George’s Medical School
  2. ^ a b Ramsey J, Anderson HR, Bloor K, et al. An introduction to the practice, prevalence and chemical toxicology of volatile substance abuse. Hum Toxicol 1989;8:261–9
  3. ^ Bass M. Sudden sniffing death. JAMA 1970;212:2075–9

External links

Dictionary

butane

-noun

  1. (organic chemistry) A hydrocarbon (either of the two isomers of C4H10 n-butane, and 2-methyl-propane) found in natural gas.
  2. (organic chemistry, uncountable) The n-butane isomer only.
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