Business-to-business (B2B) is a term commonly used to describe electronic commerce transactions between businesses, as opposed to those between businesses and other groups, such as business and individual consumers (B2C) or business and government (B2G). Business-to-consumer ( B2C, sometimes also called Business-to-Customer) describes activities of businesses serving end consumers with products and/or services Business to Government (B2G is a derivative of B2B marketing and referred to as a market definition of "Public Sector Marketing" which encompasses marketing products and services to the

B2B is also commonly used as an adjective to describe any activity, be it B2B marketing, sales, or e-commerce, that occurs between businesses and other businesses rather than between businesses and consumers. Business Marketing is the practice of Individuals or organizations, including commercial businesses governments and institutions facilitating the sale of their products or Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce' or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic Similar to B2B, B2G is often meant to refer to B2G Marketing. Business Marketing is the practice of Individuals or organizations, including commercial businesses governments and institutions facilitating the sale of their products or

There exists several types of online transactions:

Contents 1 Automated Ecommerce Transactions 1.1 B2B standards 2 E-Marketplace 2.1 Vertical e-Marketplace 2.2 Horizontal e-Marketplace 2.3 No-frills e-Marketplace 3 Etymology 4 See also

Automated Ecommerce Transactions

It is a term also used in electronic commerce and to describe automated processes between trading partners.

The volume of B2B transactions is much higher than the volume of B2C transactions. One reason for this is that businesses have adopted electronic commerce technologies in greater numbers than consumers. Also, in a typical supply chain there will be many B2B transactions but only one B2C transaction, as the completed product is retailed to the end customer.

An example of a B2B transaction is a chicken feed company selling its product to a chicken farm, which is another company. An example of a B2C transaction is a grocery store selling grain-fed chickens to a consumer. B2B can also describe marketing activities between businesses, not just the final transactions that result from marketing, though the term can be used to identify sales transactions between businesses (also referred to as "institutional sales"). For example, a company selling photocopiers would more likely be a B2B sales organization than a B2C sales organization.

"Business-to-business" can also refer to all transactions made in an industry value chain before the finished product is sold to the end consumer.

B2B standards

UN/EDIFACT is one of the most well-known and established B2B standards. United Nations/Electronic Data Interchange For Administration Commerce and Transport ( UN/EDIFACT) is the international EDI standard developed under the ANSI ASC X12 is a popular standard in North America. ASC X12 (also known as ANSI ASC X12) is the official designation of the U RosettaNet is an XML-based, emerging B2B standard in the high tech industry. RosettaNet is a non-profit Consortium aimed at establishing standard Processes for the sharing of Business Information ( B2B Don't change "Extensible" High tech is Technology that is at the cutting edge —the most advanced technology currently available An approach like UN/CEFACT's Modeling Methodology (UMM) might be used to capture the collaborative space of B2B business processes. UN/CEFACT's Modeling Methodology, commonly known as UMM is a modeling methodology which is developed by UN/CEFACT - United Nations Center for Trade Facilitation and Electronic

E-Marketplace

"E-" or "electronic" marketplace in a business-to-business context is primarily a large online platform (B2B portal) or website that facilitates interaction and/or transactions between buyers and suppliers at organizational or institutional rather than individual levels. Since the builders of such marketplaces primarily aim at facilitating buyer-seller interaction (in most cases without being a buyer or seller themselves), these are also referred to as "third-party" B2B marketplaces.

These marketplaces can do one or more of the following:

1. Help buyers find new suppliers and vice versa
2. Help reduce the time and cost of interaction for B2B transactions
3. Help increase trade between distant geographies
4. Help manage payments and track orders for B2B transactions
5. Help the environment by using appropriate technology that is environmentally friendly

Vertical e-Marketplace

A vertical e-marketplace or Vortal spans up and down every segment of one specific industry. Each level of the industry has access to every other level, which greatly increases collaboration. Buyers and sellers in the industry are connected to increase operating efficiency and decrease supply chain costs, inventories and cycle times. This is possible because buying/selling items in a single industry standardizes needs, thereby reducing the need for outsourcing many products.

Horizontal e-Marketplace

A horizontal e-marketplace connects buyers and sellers across many industries. The most common type of materials traded horizontally are MRO (maintenance, repair and operations) materials. Maintenance repair and operations or maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO is fixing any sort of mechanical or Electrical device should it Mainly business and consumer articles, these items are in demand because they are crucial to the daily running of a business, regardless of industry and level within that industry. Many corporations have MRO materials bought directly on-line by the maintenance team in order to relieve the purchasing department. In Software engineering, software maintenance is the modification of a software product after delivery to correct faults to improve performance or other attributes or to adapt

No-frills e-Marketplace

Developed in response to customers wanting to purchase products without service (or with very limited service), the no-frills e-marketplace parallels the B2C offering of no-frills budget airlines. The subject of several Harvard and IMD articles/case-studies, no-frills B2B e-marketplaces enable the effective de-bundling of service from product via clear "business rules. " This provides the basis of differentiation from conventional B2B sales/purchasing channels.

Etymology

The term "business-to-business" was originally coined to describe the electronic communication relations between businesses or enterprises in order to distinguish it from the communications between businesses and consumers (B2C). A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to An organization (or organisation &mdash see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals which controls its own performance and Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way Business-to-consumer ( B2C, sometimes also called Business-to-Customer) describes activities of businesses serving end consumers with products and/or services It eventually came to be used in marketing as well, initially describing only industrial or capital goods marketing. In popular usage "marketing" is the promotion of products especially Advertising and Branding However in professional usage the term has a wider meaning of In Marxian economics, capital goods originally referred to the Means of production. However, today it is widely used to describe all products and services used by enterprises. A service is the non-material equivalent of a good. A service provision is an economic activity that does not result in Ownership, and this is what differentiates

See also

• Business-to-consumer
• Business-to-employee
• Center for E-Commerce Infrastructure Development
• Consumer-to-consumer
• E-business
• E-Business XML (ebXML)
• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
• Empty Vessel
• Private Electronic Market
• UN/CEFACT's Modeling Methodology (UMM)
• NICC B2B

Business-to-consumer ( B2C, sometimes also called Business-to-Customer) describes activities of businesses serving end consumers with products and/or services Business-to-employee ( B2E) Electronic commerce uses an intrabusiness network which allows companies to provide products and/or services to their employees Founded in January 2002 the Center for E-Commerce Infrastructure Development (CECID is a research and development center in the University of Hong Kong Consumer-to-consumer (or C2C) Electronic commerce involves the electronically-facilitated transactions between consumers through some third party Electronic Business, commonly referred to as " eBusiness " or " e-Business " may be defined as the utilisation of information and communication Electronic Business using eXtensible Markup Language, commonly known as e-business XML, or ebXML (pronounced ee-bee-ex-em-el as it is typically referred to as is Electronic Data Interchange ( EDI) refers to the structured transmission of data between organizations by electronic means The phrase "empty vessel" literally means a container with nothing inside A private electronic market (PEM utilises the internet to connect a limited number or pre-qualified buyers or sellers in one market UN/CEFACT's Modeling Methodology, commonly known as UMM is a modeling methodology which is developed by UN/CEFACT - United Nations Center for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Introduction NICC B2B is a technical working group of the Network Interoperability Consultative Committee set up to "agree system & process standards & best

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