| Historical region of North India Bundelkhand |
|
 |
|
| Location | Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh |
| State established: | 914 AD |
| Language | Bundeli |
| Dynasties | Chandelas (till 15th c. Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) ( Hindī: मध्य प्रदेश pronounced, Translation: Middle Province) often Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Bundeli (बुन्देली is a Western Hindi language (often considered a dialect of Hindi) spoken in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations History From Ninth century to 13th century the Chandelas ruled over central India ) Bundelas (1501-1950) |
| Historical capitals | Khajuraho, Mahoba, Orchha |
| Separated states | Orchha (1501), Datia, Panna (1732), Ajaigarh (1765), Bijawar (1765), Beri, Charkhari, Samthar, Sarila, other |
Bundelkhand (till 16th century (during the rule of Chandelas) known as Jaijak bhukti or Jejaka bhukti) is a geographic region of central India. Origins The Bundelas are the fiercest and most complex of the Rajput race Khajuraho (खजुराहो is a village in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, located in Chhatarpur District, about 385 miles (620 kilometres WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mahoba ( Hindi: महोबा Urdu: مہوبا) is a town in Mahoba District WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Orchha (or Urchha is a town in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh state India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Orchha (or Urchha is a town in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh state India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Datia is a city and a Municipality in Datia district in the state of Madhya Pradesh Ajaigarh, or Adjygurh, is town and a Nagar panchayat in the Panna District of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bijawar is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Chhatarpur district in the state of Madhya WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Beri is a in Jhajjar district in the state of Haryana, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Charkhari, currently a part of Uttar Pradesh state, was one of the Princely states WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Samthar is a city and a Municipal board in Jhansi district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sarila is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Hamirpur district in the Indian state History From Ninth century to 13th century the Chandelas ruled over central India This is a list of unofficial or quasi-official regions of India India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The region is divided between the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, with the larger portion lying in Madhya Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) ( Hindī: मध्य प्रदेश pronounced, Translation: Middle Province) often
The major towns are Jhansi, Datia, Lalitpur, Sagar, Damoh, Orai, Panna, Mahoba, Banda Narsinghpur and Chhatarpur. Jhansi ( Urdu: جھانسی Hindi: झांसी Marathi:झाशी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Datia is a city and a Municipality in Datia district in the state of Madhya Pradesh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Lalitpur ( Hindi:ललितपुर Urdu: للت پور) is a city and a Sagar (Saugar ( Hindi: सागर Urdu: ساگر called the city of lakes is a city in Madhya Pradesh state of central India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Orai is a city and a Municipal board in Jalaun district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panna is a city and a Municipality in Panna district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mahoba ( Hindi: महोबा Urdu: مہوبا) is a town in Mahoba District For the district with the same name See Banda district WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banda ( Hindi WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Narsinghpur or Narsimhapur is a town in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chhatarpur is a city and a Municipality in Chhatarpur district in the state of Madhya However, the cities of Gwalior, Jabalpur and even Bhopal are under close cultural influence of Bundelkhand, especially lingustically. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jabalpur (lang-hi|जबलपुर}} is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India Bhopāl ( Hindi: भोपाल bʰoːpɑːl, Marathi -भोपाळ is a city in central India. Bundelkhand's most well known place, however, is Khajuraho which has a number of 10th century temples devoted to fine-living and eroticism. Khajuraho (खजुराहो is a village in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, located in Chhatarpur District, about 385 miles (620 kilometres The mines of Panna have been famous for magnificent diamonds; and a very large one dug from the last was kept in the fort of Kalinjar. In Mineralogy, diamond is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in Kalinjar is a fortress-city in the Bundelkhand region of central India.
Contents |
Geography
Bundelkhand lies between the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the north and the Vindhya Range to the south. The Indo-Gangetic Plain also known as the Northern plains and the North Indian River Plain is a large and fertile plain encompassing most of northern and eastern India, The Vindhya Range ( Sanskrit: विन्ध्य is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent which geographically It is a gently-sloping upland, distinguished by barren hilly terrain with sparse vegetation, although it was historically forested. The plains of Bundelkhand are intersected by three mountain ranges, the Vindhya, Fauna and Bander chains, the highest elevation not exceeding 600 meters above sea-level. The Vindhya Range ( Sanskrit: विन्ध्य is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent which geographically Beyond these ranges the country is further diversified by isolated hills rising abruptly from a common level, and presenting from their steep and nearly inaccessible scarps eligible sites for forts and strongholds of local kings. The general slope of the country is towards the northeast, as indicated by the course of the rivers which traverse or bound the territory, and finally discharge themselves into the Yamuna River. For the goddess of the river who is sometimes called Yamuna see Yami The Yamuna (Sanskrit यमुना
The principal rivers are the Sindh, Betwa, Ken, Bagahin, Tons, Pahuj, Dhasan and Chambal. For Sindhu river please see Indus River The Sindh is a River of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The Betwa (Vetravati is a river in Northern India, and a Tributary of the Yamuna and joins Yamuna near Hamirpur. The Ken River is one the major Rivers of the Bundelkhand region of central India. The Tons is the largest tributary of the Yamuna and flows through Garhwal region in Uttarakhand, touching Himachal Pradesh. Pahuj River is a river flowing in Bhind District of Madhya Pradesh in central India. The Dhasan River is a Tributary of the Betwa River. The river originates in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh state in India. The Chambal River (Hindi-चम्बल is a Tributary of the Yamuna River in central India. The Kali Sindh, rising in Malwa, marks the western frontier of Bundelkhand. Parallel to this river, but further east, is the course of the Betwa. Still farther to the east flows the Ken, followed in succession by the Bagahin and Tons. The Yamuna and the Ken are the only two navigable rivers. For the goddess of the river who is sometimes called Yamuna see Yami The Yamuna (Sanskrit यमुना Notwithstanding the large number of streams, the depression of their channels and height of their banks render them for the most part unsuitable for the purposes of irrigation, which is conducted by means of ponds and tanks. These artificial lakes are usually formed by throwing embankments across the lower extremities of valleys, and thus arresting and impounding the waters flowing through them.
Ecology
The region is part of the Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests ecoregion. The Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests are a tropical dry forest ecoregion of central India. The original vegetation consisted of tropical dry forest, dominated by teak (Tectona grandis) associated with ebony (Diospyros melanoxylon), Anogeissus latifolia, Lagerstroemia parvifolia, Terminalia tomentosa, Lannea coromandelica, Hardwickia binata, and Boswellia serata. The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest Biome, also known as tropical dry forest, is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia Ebony ( Diospyros ebenum) also known as India Ebony or Ceylon Ebony depending on its origin is a Tree in the genus Diospyros Anogeissus latifolia is a Species of small to medium-sized tree native to the India, Nepal, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka Terminalia elliptica (syn T alata Heyne ex Roth T tomentosa (Roxb It was mostly forested until the late 18th century, when intensive logging of the forests accelerated. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Deforestation accelerated after the consolidation of British control in the 19th century. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Panna Tiger Reserve in Panna and Chhatarpur districts boasts of tigers and a variety of other wildlife. The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus
History
Precolonial history, to 1802
The Chandela Rajput clan ruled Bundelkhand from the 10th to the 16th centuries. History From Ninth century to 13th century the Chandelas ruled over central India Rajput constitute one of the major Hindu Kshatriya groups from India In the early 10th century they were feudatories of the Pratiharas of Kannauj, and ruled from the fortress-city of Kalinjar. Origin The Gurjar Pratiharas were one of the Agnikula clans of Rajputs according to a legend given in later manuscripts of Prithviraj Raso WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kannauj ( Hindi कन्नौज Urdu: کنوج) also spelt Kanauj, Kalinjar is a fortress-city in the Bundelkhand region of central India. A dynastic struggle among the Pratiharas from 912 to 914 allowed the Chandelas and other feudatories to assert their independence. The Chandelas captured the strategic fortress of Gwalior c. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India 950. Dhanga (c. 950-1008) left many inscriptions, and endowed a large number of Jain and Hindu temples. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Dhanga's grandson Vidyadhara (1017-29) expanded the Chandela kingdom to its greatest extent, extending the Chandela dominions to the Chambal river in the northwest and south to the Narmada River. The Chambal River (Hindi-चम्बल is a Tributary of the Yamuna River in central India. The Narmada नर्मदा Gujarati નર્મદા or Nerbudda (Narbada is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the Indian subcontinent The Afghan king Mahmud of Ghazni attacked the Chandela dominions during Vidydhara's reign, but did not retain any Chandela territory. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Mahmud of Ghazni (محمود غزنوی Maḥmūd-e Ghaznawī ( November 2, 971 - April 30, 1030) also known as Yāmīn the Chandelas built the famous temple-city of Khajuraho between the mid-10th and mid-11th centuries. Khajuraho (खजुराहो is a village in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, located in Chhatarpur District, about 385 miles (620 kilometres During the Chandela period, Bundelkhand was home to a flourishing Jain community and numerous Jain temples were build in that period. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India.
According to India by Fannie Roper Feudge, copyright 1895, In the fourteenth century, Hurdeo Singh, a Rajput prince of the Gurwha tribe, was expelled from the Kshatriya caste for marrying a Bourdi slave-girl, and left the Rajputs to go and reside at the court of one of the smaller sovereigns of Central India, where a young family grew up around him. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Kshatriya (क्षत्रिय kṣatriya from क्षत्र kṣatra) is one of the four varnas (social orders in Hinduism As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another The Central India Agency was a political unit of British India, which covered the northern half of present-day Madhya Pradesh state In process of time the king's son became enamoured of Hurdeo's beautiful daughter, and asked her in marriage of her father. Hurdeo gace his consent, on condition that the king and his whole court would be present at a banquet to be prepared by Hurdeo's own hand, thus forfeiting, as he himself had done, the right to the rank Kshatriya. From affection for his son the aged king consented to set aside his scruples, and on the nuptial day all the court were seated around Hurdeo's princely board. There in magnificent goblets of silver and gold, drinks containing opium were served to the guests who, being thus deprived of the power of resistance, fell an easy prey to Hurdeo's hired assassins, who stood concealed, each man armed with his weapon, behind the tapestry at the upper end of the hall. Opium is a Narcotic formed from the Latex (ie sap released by lacerating (or "scoring" the immature seed pods of opium poppies ( A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons Tapestry is a form of Textile art. It is woven by hand on a vertical Loom. The Gurwha having thus gained possession of this throne, soon made himself master of all the surrounding country; and, with his sons and the numerous adherents he had enlisted in his cause, he formed a new clan known as the Bourdillas, or 'Sons of the Slave;' thus giving the country its present name of Boundilacund or Bundelcund.
In the 12th century, the Rajput Chauhan rulers of Ajmer challenged the Chandelas. Origins According to the Rajput bards Chauhan is one of the four Agnikula or 'fire sprung' clans who were created by the Gods in the anali kund or 'fountain This article is about a city in central Rajasthan, for the historical region see Ajmer region. The Muslim conquests of the early 13th century reduced the Chandela domains, although they survived until the 16th century as minor chieftains. Bundela Rajputs grew to prominence starting in the 16th century. Origins The Bundelas are the fiercest and most complex of the Rajput race Orchha was founded in the sixteenth century by the Bundeli chief Rudra Pratap, who became the first Raja of Orchha. In 1545 Sher Shah Suri, the only Indian king to defeat Mughals and sit on Delhi throne, was killed while attempting to capture Kalinjar from the local Bundeli kings. Sher Shah Suri (1486 Sasaram &ndash May 22, 1545 Kalinjar) ( - Šīr Šāh Sūrī) also known as Farid Khan or Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population
The region came under nominal Mughal rule during the 16th-18th centuries, although the hilly, forested terrain of the sparsely populated region made it difficult to control. Akbar's governors at Kalpi maintained a nominal authority over the surrounding district, and the Bundela chiefs were in a state of chronic revolt, which culminated in the war of independence under Chhatrasal. Akbar redirects here For other uses see Akbar (disambiguation Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kalpi is a city and a Municipal board in Jalaun district in the Indian state Budelkhand Kesri Maharaja Chhatrasal ( 4 May 1649 - 1731 along with Chatrapati Shivaji and Guru Gobind Singh formed a trinity of rebels who rose On the outbreak of his rebellion in 1671 he occupied a large province to the south of the Yamuna. Setting out from this base, and assisted by the Marathas, he conquered the whole of Bundelkhand. The Marāthās ( Marathi: mr मराठा also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu Warriors hailing mostly from the present-day On his death in 1732 he bequathed one-third of his dominions, including Jalaun and Jhansi, to his Maratha allies, who before long succeeded in controlling the whole of Bundelkhand, with the local rulers as tributaries to the Marathas. Year 1732 ( MDCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jalaun is a city and a Municipal board in Jalaun district in the Indian state Jhansi ( Urdu: جھانسی Hindi: झांसी Marathi:झाशी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. Under Maratha rule the country was a prey to constant anarchy and strife. By the end of the 18th century, the Bundelas had freed themselves to some extent from Maratha power. A grandson of the Maratha Peshwa, sought to restore Maratha control of Bundelkhand from his base at Banda. The Peshwa ( Marathi:पेशवा plural Peshwe, Marathi:पेशवे were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha For the district with the same name See Banda district WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banda ( Hindi Ali Bahadur warred with the Bundelas from 1790 until 1802, when he died while attempting to capture Kalinjar.
British rule, 1802-1947
The Marathas ceded parts of Bundelkhand, which were later called later British Bundelkhand, to the British in the 1802 Treaty of Bassein. The Marathas ceded parts of Bundelkhand, which were later called later British Bundelkhand, to the British in the 1802 Treaty of Bassein. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British After 1802, many of the local rulers were granted sanads (leases) by the British, which entitled them to the lands they controlled at the death of Ali Bahadur, in return for the rulers signing a written bond of allegiance (ikrarnama) to the British. A political officer attached to the British forces in Bundelkhand supervised British relations with the sanad states. In 1806 British protection was promised to the Maratha ruler of Jhansi, and in 1817 the British recognized his hereditary rights to Jhansi state. In 1818 the Peshwa in Pune ceded all his rights over Bundelkhand to the British at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Maratha War. Pune (ˈpuːneɪ Marathi: पुणे Hindi: पूना formerly Poona, is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra The Third Anglo-Maratha War ( 1817 - 1818) was a final and decisive conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in
The sanad states were organized into the Bundelkhand Agency in 1811, when a political agent to the Governor-General of India was appointed and headquartered at Banda. The Governor-General of India (or from 1858 to 1947 the Viceroy and Governor-General of India) was the head of the British administration in India, and In 1818 the headquarters were moved to Kalpi, in 1824 to Hamirpur, and in 1832 back to Banda. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kalpi is a city and a Municipal board in Jalaun district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Hamirpur ( Hindi: हमीरपुर Urdu: حمیر پور) is a city and a The political agent was placed under the authority of the Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces, headquartered in Agra, in 1835. The North-Western Provinces was an administrative region in British India which succeeded the Ceded and Conquered Provinces and existed in one form or another from In 1849 authority over the Bundelkhand Agency was placed briefly under the Commissioner for the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories, who appointed a political assistant based at Jhansi. The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories was a region of British India, located in central part of present-day Madhya Pradesh state in central India Jhansi ( Urdu: جھانسی Hindi: झांसी Marathi:झाशी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. Shortly thereafter, authority over Bundelkhand was placed under the Resident at Gwalior, and the headquarters of the political assistant was moved to Nowgong, which remained until 1947. Gwalior Residency was a political charge in British India, which existed from 1782 until Indian Independence in 1947 Naogaon (নওগাঁ Nôogã) is a district in Northern Bangladesh. In 1853 the Raja of Jhansi died childless, and his territory was annexed to British Bundelkhand. The Jhansi state and the Jalaun and Chanderi districts were then formed into a superintendency. Jalaun District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chanderi is a town of historical importance in Ashoknagar District of Madhya Pradesh state In 1854 Bundelkhand Agency was placed under the authority of the newly-created Central India Agency, headquartered at Indore. The Central India Agency was a political unit of British India, which covered the northern half of present-day Madhya Pradesh state Indore ( Hindi: इंदौर/इन्दोर, Marathi - इंदूर, the largest city and the commercial capital of the central Indian state of
The widow of the Raja of Jhansi, Rani Lakshmi Bai, protested the annexation because she was not allowed to adopt an heir, and because the slaughter of cattle was permitted in the Jhansi territory. Lakshmibai The Rani of Jhansi (c 1828 – 17 June 1858) ( Hindi - झाँसी की रानी Marathi The Revolt of 1857 found Jhansi ripe for rebellion. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, In June a few men of the 12th native infantry seized the fort containing the treasure and magazine, and massacred the European officers of the garrison. The Rani put herself at the head of the rebels, and they captured several of the neighboring British districts and princely states allied to the British. She died bravely in battle in Gwalior in 1858. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India It was not till November 1858 that Jhansi was brought under British control.
After the revolt, Jhansi was given to the Maharaja of Gwalior, but came under British rule in 1886 when it was swapped for Gwalior fort. Gwalior State was an Indian kingdom ruled by the Sindhia dynasty In 1865 the political assistant was replaced with a political agent. The eastern portion of the Agency was detached to form Bagelkhand agency in 1871. Bagelkhand (or Baghelkhand) is a region in central India, in northeastern Madhya Pradesh state The state of Khaniadhana was transferred to the authority of the Gwalior Resident in 1888, and in 1896 Baraunda, Jaso, and the Chaube jagirs were transferred to Bagelkhand. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khaniyadhana is a town and a Nagar Panchayat in Shivpuri district in the Indian In Pakistan and India, a Jagir was a small territory granted by the ruler to an army chieftain in fairly short terms usually of three years but not extending beyond In 1901 there were 9 states, 13 estates, and the pargana of Alampur belonging to Indore state, with a total area of 9851 sq. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Alampur is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Bhind district in the state of Madhya Pradesh Indore ( Hindi: इंदौर/इन्दोर, Marathi - इंदूर, the largest city and the commercial capital of the central Indian state of mi. and a total population of 1,308,326 in 1901. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The most important of the states were Orchha, Panna, Samthar, Charkhari, Chhatarpur, Datia, Bijawar and Ajaigarh. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Orchha (or Urchha is a town in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh state India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panna is a city and a Municipality in Panna district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Samthar is a city and a Municipal board in Jhansi district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Charkhari, currently a part of Uttar Pradesh state, was one of the Princely states WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chhatarpur is a city and a Municipality in Chhatarpur district in the state of Madhya WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Datia is a city and a Municipality in Datia district in the state of Madhya Pradesh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bijawar is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Chhatarpur district in the state of Madhya Ajaigarh, or Adjygurh, is town and a Nagar panchayat in the Panna District of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Deforestation accelerated during British rule. The population of the agency decreased 13% between 1891 and 1901 due to the effects of famine. In 1931 Bagelkhand Agency, with the exception of the state of Rewa, was merged into Bundelkhand.
Bundelkhand is the home of two great Indian freedom fighters and the father of the freedom movement in the whole of bundelkhand, Dewan Shatrughan Singh [aka 'Bundelkhand Gandhi & Bundelkhand Kesri'] & his wife Rani Rajendra Kumari. These were the two fountain heads of the freedom movement in all of Bundelkhand. They also were the main patrons of revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad who frequented their Castle in their native village of Maungrauth. The Rani defeated the sitting UP Chief Minister C. B. Gupta as an independent candidate. They were also the main inspiration behind the Bhoodaan movement in Bundelkhand and Maungraut changed the history of the movement by beecoming the first complete Gramdaan. They were contemporaries and friends of Jawaharlal Nehru, GB Pant and other great freedom fighters.
Numerous scholars have done PhD's on the life of these 2 great Indian patriots. There is an annual mela on the birthday of these two stalwarts held annually in Maungrauth in December and is attended by over 40,000 people.
Despite being from one of the most affluent families in Central India this couple sacrificed everything for the nation and donated their lands to the poor. They were in British jails for the freedom struggle for over 9 years each. They are now the subject of folk tales and songs highlighting their bravery and hailing them as symbols of Bundelkhandi valor.
Shatrughan Singh and his Rani belong to the above mentioned Pratihar clan of the agnikula rajputs - the head of the Chaubisi. They are still reverred by all including the rajputs in the area.
Independent India, 1947-present
After Indian independence in 1947, the princely states of Bundelkhand Agency were combined with those of the former Bagelkhand Agency to form the province of Vindhya Pradesh, which became an Indian state in 1950. Bagelkhand (or Baghelkhand) is a region in central India, in northeastern Madhya Pradesh state Vindhya Pradesh ( Hindī: विन्द्य प्रदेश Urdū: وِندے پردیش is a former state of India. India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On November 1, 1956, Vindhya Pradesh was merged into Madhya Pradesh. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Famous dacoits like Pooran Sing alias Puja babba and Moorath Singh besides other robber gangs once ruled the area. Currently the area is economically and industrially one of the most backward areas in India. Lack of resources, poor communications, and infertile land are some of the reasons for under-development in the region.
Proposed Bundelkhand state
A number of local politicians have advocated that the region become its own state.
The proposed state includes the following districts:
From Uttar Pradesh
From Madhya Pradesh
In addition to the above districts, sometimes the following districts of Madhya Pradesh are considering the part of Bundelkhand:
Madhya Bharat region
North Bagelkhand region
However, the South Bagelkhand districts like Umaria, Shahdol, and Anuppur are not considering as the part of Bundelkhand. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Jalaun District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India Jhansi District is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. Mahoba district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India and Mahoba town is the district headquarters Banda District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Banda is the district headquarters Chitrakoot district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Chitrakoot town is the district headquarters Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) ( Hindī: मध्य प्रदेश pronounced, Translation: Middle Province) often Datia District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Tikamgarh district is one of the 48 districts of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Chhatarpur District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of central Indiaand located at 24 Panna District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Damoh District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Sagar District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Madhya Bharat ( Hindi: मध्य भारत also known as Malwa Union was a former state in west-central India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Morena District is a district of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Sheopur District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. Bhind District (Hindi-भिंड is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India of Chambal region Gwalior District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Shivpuri District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Guna is a district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The capital is Guna. Ashoknagar District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Bagelkhand (or Baghelkhand) is a region in central India, in northeastern Madhya Pradesh state Rewa District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Satna District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Sidhi district is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Bagelkhand (or Baghelkhand) is a region in central India, in northeastern Madhya Pradesh state Umaria District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Shahdol District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Anuppur District is an administrative district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.
Culture
Bundeli is the most common Hindi dialect spoken in the area. Bundeli (बुन्देली is a Western Hindi language (often considered a dialect of Hindi) spoken in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is It in turns consists of several sub-dialects. The accent varies in various regions even though unmistakably of a single origin. The region is predominantly Hindu. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical
Jainism is historically significant, and several Jain Tirthas are located in this region. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. A tirtha is a Pilgrimage site Literally the Sanskrit term tirtha means a ford, a shallow part of a body of water that may be easily Many prominent Jain scholars of the 20th century have been from this region.
Fiction
In the novel The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne, the fictional character Captain Nemo's real identity is revealed as that of Prince Dakkar of Bundelkund, aka Bundelkhand. The Mysterious Island (L'Île mystérieuse is a Novel by Jules Verne, published in 1874. Jules Gabriel Verne ( February 8 1828 &ndash March 24 1905) was a French Author who pioneered the science-fiction Captain Nemo is a Fictional character featured in Jules Verne 's novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870 and The Mysterious Dakkar was involved in the Sepoy Revolt of 1857. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the
Prominent Bundelkhandis
- Jhansi Ki Rani, Queen of princely state of Jhansi, one of the key figures in first Indian war of independence 1857. Lakshmibai The Rani of Jhansi (c 1828 – 17 June 1858) ( Hindi - झाँसी की रानी Marathi
- Bhattaraka Devendrakirti, founder of Chanderi and Gandhar/Rander seat.
- Singhai Lakshmana, who installed Lord Shantinatha at Devgarh in 1436.
- Tarana Swami, (1448-) (founder of Taran Panth
- Manju Chaudhary, Maratha Empire administrator of Cuttack, Orissa, 1720-1785.
- Seth Mathuradas Taraiya, of Lalitpur 1872-1918
- Pandit Nathuram Premi, Historian, publisher and editor (26 November, 1881 - 30 January, 1960)
- Dr Hiralal Jain, Sanskritist and Jain Scholar best remembered for his work on the Satkhandāgama
- Dr Mahendrakumar Nyayacarya, Jain Scholar and Nyaya specialist, best remembered for his editing of the Nyayakumudacandra,Akalankagranthatraya, Prameyakamalamartanda and his original work, Jaina Darsana. Pandit Nathuram Premi was a writer publisher poet editor linguist and an intellectual giant in the field of Jainism as well as Hindi literature
- Pandit Phulacandra Shastri, Traditional Jain Scholar, best remembered for his work on the Satkhandāgama and the Kasāyapāhuda
- Pandit Hiralal Shastri (Sadumal), Traditional Jain Scholar, Prakritist and Nyaya specialist, remembered for his Hindi translation of the Kasāyapāhuda mula patha along with the Curni by Yativrsabha.
- Osho Rajneesh (1931-1990)
- Pandit Jaganmohanlal Shastri, Traditional Jain Scholar
- Seth Jineshvaradas Taraiya (1918-1998) of Lalitpur, philanthropist; Hon. "Rajneesh" Chandra Mohan Jain (रजनीश चन्द्र मोहन जैन (December 11 1931 – January 19 1990 also known as Acharya Rajneesh Magistrate of Lalitpur; best remembered for his renovation of the Deogarh Tirthakshetra
- Dr Duli Chandra Jain, Prof of Physics at CUNY, New York; founder of the Jain Study Circle and Publisher and Editor of the [Jain Study Circular].
- Shri Varniji, Jain scholar & saint
- Dr. Hari Singh Gaur, Member of Constitution draft committee & founder of University of Saugar.
- Dr. Panna Lal Sahitya Charya, Jain scholar
- Sampat Pal Devi, founder and leader of the "Gulabi Gang"
- Vrindavan Lal Verma, Hindi novelist (Mrig Nayani, Jhansi Ki Rani)
- Maithili Sharan Gupt, Hindi poet
- Indeevar, one of the leading Hindi film lyricists in 1960s and 70s
- Rani Durgavati, Queen of Gondwana (born to Chandelas of Mahoba / Kalinjar) immortalized owing to her bravery in defending her kingdom against invasion by Mughal emperor Akbar
- Alha and Udal, warriors in the court of the Chandela dynasty King Parmal in Mahoba
- Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, of Transcendental Meditation
- Harishankar Parsai
- Sujan Singh Bundela, Former UPCC Chief and 3 time Member of Parliament
External links
References
- Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al (1908). Sampat Pal Devi (born 1947 is the founder and leader of a group of political activists in India's northern Uttar Pradesh state's Banda area that the "gulabi gang" Dr Vrindavan Lal Verma was a prominent Hindi novelist famous for his novels Jhansi Ki Rani, Mrignayani, Amarbel and Kachnar. Maithilisharan Gupt (मैथिलीशरण गुप्त ( 3 August 1886 1965 was one of the most important modern Hindi poets Indeevar (1924 – February 27, 1999) was one of the leading Hindi film Lyricists in the 1960's History From Ninth century to 13th century the Chandelas ruled over central India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mahoba ( Hindi: महोबा Urdu: مہوبا) is a town in Mahoba District Kalinjar is a fortress-city in the Bundelkhand region of central India. Akbar redirects here For other uses see Akbar (disambiguation Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar Alha was the famous general of great Chandella King Paramdidev or Parmal who fought Prithviraj Chauhan in 1182 CE History From Ninth century to 13th century the Chandelas ruled over central India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mahoba ( Hindi: महोबा Urdu: مہوبا) is a town in Mahoba District Maharishi Mahesh Yogi ( January 12, 1917 &ndash February 5 2008) founded and developed the Transcendental Meditation technique and Transcendental Meditation or TM is the trademarked name of a Meditation technique introduced in 1958 by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (1917-2008 Harishankar Parsai (हरिशंकर परसाई ( August 22 1924 &ndash 1995) was a Hindi writer A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 12. 1908-1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford.
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
| Historical regions of North India | |
|---|---|
| Ajmer | Awadh | Bagelkhand | Braj | Bundelkhand | Delhi | Dhundhar | Garhwal | Gird | Godwar | Hadoti | Jaisalmer | Jangladesh | Kumaun | Magadha | Mahakoshal | Malwa | Marwar | Mewar | Mewat | Mithila | Nimar | Purvanchal | Rohilkhand | Shekhawati | Vagad | |
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic