Bulgarians Българи Bǎlgari
Boris I of Bulgaria · Hristo Botev Vasil Levski · Valya Balkanska
Total population
over 8 million
Regions with significant populations
Bulgaria 6,655,210  Turkey 480,000 [1]  United States 69,874 - 300,000 [2] [3]  Ukraine 204,600 [4]  Spain 91,265 - 95,752 [5][6]  Moldova 65,662 - 90,000 [7][8]  Germany 39,053 - 90,000 [9][10]  Greece 78,981 [11]  Argentina 70,000 [12]  Italy 19,924 - 70,000 [13][14]  Russia 31,965 [15]  Canada 15,195 - 30,000 [16] [17]  Serbia 20,497 [18]  France 7,460 - 20,000 [19][20]  South Africa 15,000 - 20,000 [21]  Romania 8,092 - 12,000 [22]  Israel 8,000 - 50,000 [23]  Belgium 7,443 [24]  Kazakhstan 6,915 - 30,000 [25] [26]  Austria 5,388 [27]  Hungary 2,316 - 5,000 [28][29]  Czech Republic 4,383 - 5,000 [30]  United Arab Emirates 5,000 [31]  Australia 4,902 - 8,000 [32]  Sweden 3,508 - 4,000 [33][34]  Portugal 628 - 4,000 [35][36]  Netherlands 2,076 - 2,202 [37][38]  Ireland 2,000 [39]  New Zealand 816 - 2,000 [40][41]  Norway 1,500 [42]
Languages
Bulgarian
Religion
Predominantly Bulgarian Orthodox including Atheist, Muslim, Roman Catholic minorities. Boris I or sometimes Boris-Mihail (Michael (Борис I (Михаил also known as Bogoris (died 2 May 907 Hristo Botev (Христо Ботев also transliterated as Hristo Botyov) ( January 6, 1848  – June 2, 1876) born Vasil Levski (Васил Левски also transliterated as Vassil Levski) born Vasil Ivanov Kountchev (Васил Иванов Кунчев ( Karlovo Valya Mladenova Balkanska (Валя Младенова Балканска (born 8 January 1942) is a Bulgarian Folk music singer from the The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква Bălgarska pravoslavna cărkva) is an Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church Atheism A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion

Part of a series of articles on Bulgarians Culture of Bulgaria Literature · Music · Art Cinema · Names · Cuisine Dances · Costume · Sport By region or country (including the diaspora) Republic of Macedonia Serbia · Banat (Serbia/Romania) Bessarabia (Ukraine/Moldova) United Kingdom · United States Hungary · Greece · Albania Bulgarians in Turkey (Pomaks, Eastern Thrace, Anatolia) Religion Bulgarian Orthodox · Muslim Roman Catholic · Protestant Languages and dialects spoken by Bulgarians Bulgarian · Banat Bulgarian · Shopi History · Rulers v • d • e

The Bulgarians (Bulgarian: българи or bǎlgari) are a South Slavic people generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language. Bulgarian Culture is a mix mostly of Thracian, Slavic and Bulgar cultures but there are Byzantine, Turkish Bulgarian literature is literature written by Bulgarians or residents of Bulgaria, or written in the Bulgarian language; usually the latter is the defining feature Bulgarian music is part of the Balkan tradition which stretches across Southeastern Europe, and has its own distinctive sound Directors Rangel Valchanov Eduard Zahariev Vulo Radev Nikola Korabov Ivan Andonov Compared to other systems the Bulgarian name system can be said to be rather simple Bulgarian cuisine (българска кухня bulgarska kuhnya) is a representative of the cuisine of Southeastern Europe. Bulgarian folk dances are intimately related to the Music of Bulgaria. Bulgarians are non-recognised as ethnic minority in the Republic of Macedonia. Bulgarians are an Ethnic group in Serbia. This article focuses on Bulgarians in south-eastern Serbia one of the two areas in which ethnic Bulgarians are concentrated The Banat Bulgarians ( Banat Bulgarian: palćene or banátsći balgare; common банатски българи banatski balgari) are a distinct The Bessarabian Bulgarians (бесарабски българи besarabski bǎlgari) are a Bulgarian minority group of the historical region of Bessarabia The Bulgarian British community consists of people originating from Bulgaria who were born and/or raised in the United Kingdom. Bulgarian Americans are Citizens of the United States with significant Bulgarian heritage Bulgarians (bolgárok are one of the thirteen officially recognized ethnic minorities in Hungary (Унгария Ungariya; old name Маджарско Indigenous minorities in Greece are relatively small and the country is largely ethnically homogeneous Bulgarians in Albania are ethnic Bulgarians living in nowadays Albania and most particularly in Mala Prespa and Golo Bardo. " The Destruction of Thracian Bulgarians in 1913 " (in Bulgarian " Разорението на тракийските българи през The Anatolian Bulgarians or Bulgarians of Asia Minor (малоазийски българи maloaziyski balgari, or shortly малоазианци maloaziantsi Bulgaria has been a traditionally Christian state since the adoption of Christianity in 865 with the dominant confession being Eastern Orthodoxy of the The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква Bălgarska pravoslavna cărkva) is an Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church The Bulgarian Muslims (българи-мохамедани locally called Pomak, ahryan, poganets, marvak, poturnak Roman Catholicism is the third largest religious congregation in Bulgaria, after Eastern Orthodoxy and Islam. Protestantism in Bulgaria: Protestantism is the fourth largest religious congregation in Bulgaria after Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam and Roman Catholicism Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The Banat Bulgarians ( Banat Bulgarian: palćene or banátsći balgare; common банатски българи banatski balgari) are a distinct Shopi (шопи Scientific transliteration šopi singular шоп šop with various regional names also existing is a regional term referring to the inhabitants of the The History of Bulgaria as a separate country began in 632 AD with the establishment of Old Great Bulgaria, which stretched from east of the Sea This is a list of Bulgarian monarchs from the earliest historical records to 1946 when the monarchy in the country was abolished Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The South Slavs are a southern branch of the Slavic peoples that live in the Balkans mainly throughout the former Yugoslavia (meaning "Land of The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group There are Bulgarian minorities or immigrant communities in a number of other countries, too.

Contents 1 Ethnogenesis 2 Population 3 Culture 3.1 What was done in the past 3.1.1 Cyrillic alphabet 3.1.2 Art and science 3.1.3 Sport 3.2 Language 3.3 Name system 3.4 Religion 3.5 Symbols 4 Bulgarians. Faces through history 5 References and notes 6 See also

Ethnogenesis

Geographically Bulgaria is situated on the bridgehead between Europe and Asia. The Bulgarian DNA data suggest that a human demographic expansion occurred sequentially in the Middle East, through Anatolia, to the rest of Europe (Bulgaria included). Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The rate estimates date of this expansion in times ranging around 50,000 years ago, corresponding to the arrival of anatomically modern humans in Europe. ^[43] From a historical angle, Bulgarians have descended from three main ethnic groups which mixed on the Balkans during the 6th - 10th century: local tribes, including the Thracians; Slavic invaders, who gave their language to the modern Bulgarians; and the Turkic-speaking Bulgars^[44][45], from whom the ethnonym and the early statehood were inherited. "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity The Turkic languages constitute a Language family of some thirty languages spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the The Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) were a seminomadic people probably of Turkic descent originally from Central Asia, An ethnonym ( Gk έθνος ethnos, 'tribe' + όνομα onoma, 'name' is the name applied to a given Ethnic group. In physical appearance, the Bulgarian population is characterized by the features of the northern European anthropological type^[46][47] The ethnic contribution of the indigenous Thracian and Daco-Getic population, who had lived on the territory of modern Bulgaria and established here the Odrysian kingdom has been long debated among the scientists during the 20th century. Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland Biological anthropology, or physical anthropology is a branch of Anthropology that studies the mechanisms of biological Evolution, genetic inheritance "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " The Getae ( Greek: Γέται singular Γέτης was the name given by the Greeks to several Thracian tribes that occupied the regions south of the The Odrysian kingdom was a union of Thracian tribes that endured between the 5th century BC and the 3rd century BC. Some recent genetic studies reveal that these peoples have indeed made a significant contribution to the genes of the modern Bulgarian population, which is however comparable, or even less than, to the contribution to other Balkan (Albanians, Romanians and central european groups. ^[48] This is also apparent in the Nordic racial anthropological type of the modern Bulgarians. Biological anthropology, or physical anthropology is a branch of Anthropology that studies the mechanisms of biological Evolution, genetic inheritance ^[49] The ancient languages of the local people had already gone extinct before the arrival of the Slavs, and their cultural influence was highly reduced due to the repeated barbaric invasions on the Balkans during the early Middle Ages by Goths, Celts, Huns, and Sarmatians, accompanied by persistent hellenization, romanisation and later slavicisation. The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες Hellenization (or Hellenisation) is a term used to describe the spread of Greek culture. In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or Slavicisation is a term used to describe a cultural change in which something non-Slavic becomes Slavic. The Celts also expanded down the Danube river and its tributaries in 3rd century BC. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj They had established a state on part of the territory of modern Bulgaria with capital Tylis, which they ruled for over a century. Tylis ( Greek: Τύλις or Tyle was a capital of a short-lived Balkan state mentioned by Polybius that was founded by Celts led by Comontorios

The Slavs emerged from their original homeland (most commonly thought to have been in Eastern Europe) in the early 6th century, and spread to most of the eastern Central Europe, Eastern Europe and the Balkans, thus forming three main branches - the West Slavs, the East Slavs and the South Slavs. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The West Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking West Slavic languages. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. The South Slavs are a southern branch of the Slavic peoples that live in the Balkans mainly throughout the former Yugoslavia (meaning "Land of The easternmost South Slavs became part of the ancestors of the modern Bulgarians, which however, are genetically clearly separated from the tight DNA cluster of the most Slavic peoples. Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known This phenomenon is explained by “the genetic contribution of the people who lived in the region before the Slavic expansion” ^[50]. The frequency of the proposed Slavic Haplogroup R1a1 ranges to only 40. A Subclade of R1, R1a is a Y-chromosome haplogroup found at high frequency in the extreme north of India among the Kashmiri Pandits 7% in Bulgaria.

The Bulgars were a seminomadic people thought to have spoken a Turkic language^[52][53], who during the 2nd century migrated from Central Asia into the North Caucasian steppe. The Turkic languages constitute a Language family of some thirty languages spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East In physical Geography, a steppe ( German, from степь - "a flat and arid land" степ - /stɛp/ тал - tal дала - /dɑlɑ/ pronounced Between 377 and 453 they took part in the Hunnic raids on Central and Western Europe. Events By Topic Roman Empire Battle of the Willows: Roman troops fight an inconclusive battle against the Goths. Events By Place Europe Theodoric II succeeds his brother Thorismund as king of the Visigoths. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' After Attila's death in 453, and the subsequent disintegration of the Hunnic Empire, the Bulgar tribes dispersed mostly to the eastern and southeastern parts of Europe. Events By Place Europe Theodoric II succeeds his brother Thorismund as king of the Visigoths. Hunnic Empire, the empire of the Huns.The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes especially Turkic ones from the Steppes of In the late 7th century, some Bulgar tribes, led by Khan Asparukh and others, led by his brother Kuber, permanently settled in the Balkans, and formed the ruling classe of First Bulgarian Empire in 680-681. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Asparuh or Isperih ( Bulgarian: Аспарух, Asparuh or Исперих, Isperih) was ruler of a Bulgar tribe Kuber was Bulgar leader who ruled over Srem as a vassal to the Avar Khagan The First Bulgarian Empire (Първo Българско царство Părvo Bălgarsko Tsarstvo) was a Medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 Events By Place Europe The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Bulgars win the war with the Byzantine Empire; the latter signs a peace treaty which The Asian genetic inflow by modern Bulgarians, probably introduced from the Bulgars and other steppe's peoples who also contributed to the Bulgarian ethnogenesis, as numbers of Cumans, Pechenegs and Avars is indicated trough the limited presence of some rare alleles and haplotypes. Cumans (Кумани Byzantine: Kuman or Cuman, Kunok Turkic: Kumanlar) were a nomadic Turkic people who inhabited a The Pechenegs or Patzinaks ( Turkish: Peçenekler, Hungarian: Besenyő, Greek: Patzinaki/Petsenegi or Πατζινάκοι/Πετσενέγοι/Πατζινακίται The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. An allele (ˈæliːl (UK /əˈliːl/ (US (from the Greek αλληλος allelos, meaning each other) is one member of a pair or series of different forms The term haplotype is a contraction of the term " haploid Genotype. ^[54][55]

Population

Most Bulgarians live in the Republic of Bulgaria. The Rose Valley (Розова долина Rozova dolina) is a region in Bulgaria located just south of the Balkan Mountains, between them and the Kazanlak (Казанлък is a Bulgarian town located in the middle of the plain of the same name at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Felix Philipp Kanitz ( Bulgarian and Serbian Cyrillic: Феликс Филип Каниц ( 2 August 1829 - 8 January The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian There are significant Bulgarian minorities in Moldova and Ukraine (Bessarabian Bulgarians), as well as in Romania (Banat Bulgarians), Serbia (the Western Outlands), Greece, the Republic of Macedonia, Albania, and Hungary. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Bessarabian Bulgarians (бесарабски българи besarabski bǎlgari) are a Bulgarian minority group of the historical region of Bessarabia Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Banat Bulgarians ( Banat Bulgarian: palćene or banátsći balgare; common банатски българи banatski balgari) are a distinct Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The Western (Bulgarian Outlands (Западни (български покрайнини Zapadni (balgarski pokraynini) is a term used by Bulgarians to describe Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Republic of Macedonia (Република This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Many Bulgarians also live in the diaspora, which is formed by representatives and descendants of the old (before 1989) and new (after 1989) emigration. The old emigration was made up of some 160,000 economic and several tens of thousands of political emigrants, and was directed for the most part to the U.S., Canada, Argentina, Brazil and Germany. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The new emigration is estimated at some 700,000 people and can be divided into two major subcategories: permanent emigration at the beginning of the 1990s, directed mostly to the U.S., Canada, Austria, and Germany and labour emigration at the end of the 1990s, directed for the most part to Greece, Italy, the UK and Spain. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Migrations to the West have been quite steady even in the late 1990s and early 21st century, as people continue moving to countries like the US, Canada and Australia. Most Bulgarians living in the US can be found in Chicago, IL. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. However, according to the 2000 US census most Bulgarians live in the cities of New York and Los Angeles, and the state with most Bulgarians in the US is California. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The largest urban populations of Bulgarians are to be found in Sofia (1,241,000), Plovdiv (378,000), and Varna (352,000)^[56]. Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality Varna (Варна is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, third-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv The total number of Bulgarians thus ranges anywhere from 17 to 18 million, depending solely on the estimation used for the diaspora.

Culture

What was done in the past

Cyrillic alphabet

Medieval Bulgaria was the most important cultural centre of the Slavic people at the end of the 9th and throughout the 10th century. The First Bulgarian Empire (Първo Българско царство Părvo Bălgarsko Tsarstvo) was a Medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 The two literary schools of Preslav and Ohrid developed a rich literary and cultural activity with authors of the rank of Constantine of Preslav, John Exarch, Chernorizets Hrabar, Clement and Naum of Ohrid. The Preslav Literary School (Pliska Literary School was the first literary school in the medieval Bulgarian Empire. The Ohrid Literary School was one of the two major medieval Bulgarian cultural centres along with the Preslav Literary School ( Pliska Literary School) Constantine of Preslav (Константин Преславски was a medieval Bulgarian scholar writer and translator one of the most important men of letters working at John Exarch ( John the Exarch, also transcribed Joan Exarch, Joan Ekzarh; Йоан Екзарх was a medieval Bulgarian scholar writer and Chernorizets Hrabar (Чръноризьць Храбръ Черноризец Храбър was a monk scholar and writer in medieval Bulgaria who worked at the Preslav Saint Clement of Ohrid (Свети Климент Охридски sve'ti 'kliment 'oxridski (ca Saint Naum of Preslav (Свети Наум Преславски sve'ti na In the first half of the 10th century, the Cyrillic alphabet was devised in the Preslav Literary School based on the Glagolitic and the Greek alphabets. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The Preslav Literary School (Pliska Literary School was the first literary school in the medieval Bulgarian Empire. The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic Alphabet. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early Modern versions of the alphabet are now used to write five more Slavic languages such as Belarusian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian as well as Mongolian and some other 60 languages spoken in the former Soviet Union. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991

Bulgaria exerted similar influence on her neighbouring countries in the mid to late 14th century, at the time of the Turnovo Literary School, with the work of Patriarch Evtimiy, Grigoriy Tsamblak, Constantine of Kostenets (Konstantin Kostenechki). The Turnovo Literary School was a Bulgarian literary school in the 14th century. Saint Evtimiy of Tarnovo (also Evtimii Evtimij Euthymius; Свети Евтимий Търновски Sveti Evtimiy Tarnovski) was Patriarch of Bulgaria Constantine (or Konstantin) of Kostenets (born c 1380 died after 1431 also known as Konstantin Kostenechki (Константин Костенечки Bulgarian cultural influence was especially strong in Wallachia and Moldova where the Cyrillic alphabet was used until 1860, while Slavonic was the official language of the princely chancellery  and of the church until the end of 17th century. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Church Slavonic (also Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian) is the Liturgical language of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox

Art and science

Boris Christoff, Nicolai Ghiaurov, Raina Kabaivanska and Ghena Dimitrova made a precious contribution to opera singing with Ghiaurov and Christoff being two of the greatest bassos in the post-war period. Boris Christoff ( Bulgarian: bg Борис Христов ( May 18, 1914, Plovdiv, Bulgaria &ndash June 28, 1993 Nicolai Ghiaurov (or Nikolai Gjaurov, Николай Гяуров ( September 13, 1929 &ndash June 2 2004) was a Bulgarian Raina Kabaivanska (Райна Кабаиванска ( December 15, 1934) is a Bulgarian opera singer one of the leading lirico-spinto Sopranos Ghena Dimitrova (Гена Димитрова ( May 6, 1941 &ndash June 11, 2005) was a Bulgarian Operatic Soprano Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Bulgarians have made valuable contributions to world culture in modern times as well. Julia Kristeva and Tzvetan Todorov were among the most influential European philosophers in the second half of the 20th century. Julia Kristeva (Юлия Кръстева (born 24 June 1941) is a Bulgarian - French Philosopher, Literary critic, Tzvetan Todorov (Цветан Тодоров (born on March 1 1939 in Sofia) is a Franco - Bulgarian Philosopher. The artist Christo is among the most famous representatives of environmental art with projects such as the Wrapped Reichstag. Christo (born as Christo Vladimirov Javacheff, Bulgarian: Христо Явашев and Jeanne-Claude (born as Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon The term Environmental Art is used in two different senses The term can be used generally to refer to art dealing with ecological issues and/or the natural, such as the formal the Christo (born as Christo Vladimirov Javacheff, Bulgarian: Христо Явашев and Jeanne-Claude (born as Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon

Bulgarians in the diaspora have also been active. American scientists and inventors of Bulgarian descent include John Atanasoff, Peter Petroff, and Assen Jordanoff. John Vincent Atanasoff ( Bulgarian: Джон Винсент Атанасов Dzhon Vinsent Atanasov) ( October 4, 1903 &ndash June 15 Peter Petroff ( October 21, 1919 &ndash February 7, 2003) was a Bulgarian-American Inventor, Engineer, Assen "Jerry" Jordanoff (Асен Христов Йорданов (born Asen Hristov Yordanov, September 2 1896, Sofia Bulgaria Bulgarian-American Stephane Groueff wrote the celebrated book "Manhattan Project", about the making of the first atomic bomb and also penned "Crown of Thorns", a biography of Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria. Stephane Groueff, a Writer, Journalist and a political refugee was born in Sofia, Bulgaria in 1922 The World War II Manhattan Project developed the first Nuclear weapon (atomic bomb Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. Boris III Tsar of Bulgaria (January 30 1894 &ndash August 28 1943 originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver ( Boris Clement Robert Mary

Sport

In the beginning of the 20th century Bulgaria was famous for two of the best wrestlers in the world - Dan Kolov and Nikola Petroff. Dan Kolov (1892 - 1940 born Doncho Kolеv Danev (Дончо Колев Данев was a famous Bulgarian wrestler. Nikola Petrov (Никола Петров better known as Nikola Petroff, ( 19 December 1873 – 2 January 1925) was a Bulgarian wrestler High-jumper Stefka Kostadinova was one of the top ten female athletes of the last century and holds one of the oldest unbroken world records in athletics. Stefka Kostadinova (Стефка Костадинова (born March 25, 1965 in Plovdiv) is a Bulgarian former athlete specialising Hristo Stoichkov was one of the best football (soccer) players in the second half of the 20th century, having played with the national team and FC Barcelona. Fútbol Club Barcelona ( Catalan fudˈbɔɫ ˌklup bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish ˈfutβol ˌkluβ baɾθeˈlona known familiarly as Barça (Spanish ˈbaɾsa Catalan He received a number of awards and was the joint top scorer at the 1994 World Cup. The 1994 FIFA World Cup, the 15th staging of the FIFA World Cup, was held in the United States from June 17 to July 17 1994

Language

Main article: Bulgarian language

Bulgarians speak a Southern Slavic language which is to some point similar to Serbo-Croatian and is often (mostly words, not sentences) mutually intelligible with it. Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The Codex Zographensis (Зографско евангелие andЗографское евангелие is an Illuminated manuscript Gospel Book that The Saint George the Zograf or Zograf Monastery (Зографски манастир Zografski manastir; Μονή Ζωγράφου Moní Zográphou) is Mount Athos (Όρος Άθως is a mountain on the Peninsula of the same name in Macedonia, of northern Greece, called in Greek Άγιον Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language (cрпскохрватски језик srpskohrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic Diasystem The Bulgarian language is also, to some degree, mutually intelligible with Russian on account of the influence which Russia has had on the development of Modern Bulgaria since 1878, as well as the earlier effect of Old Bulgarian on the development of Old Russian. Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages to make sure old Cyrillic letters are displayed properly (For example instead of just Ѣ write Ѣ Old East Slavic, also known as Old Russian (древнерусский or Old Ruthenian, was a vernacular literary language used from the 10th to the 14th centuries Although related, Bulgarian and the Western and Eastern Slavic languages are not mutually intelligible. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages

Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic developments that set it apart from other Slavic languages. These are shared with Romanian, Albanian and Greek (see Balkan linguistic union). Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco - Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The Balkan Sprachbund or linguistic area is the ensemble of Areal features —similarity in grammar syntax vocabulary and phonology—among languages of Until 1878 Bulgarian was influenced lexically by medieval and modern Greek, and to a much lesser extent, by Turkish. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. More recently, the language has borrowed many words from Russian, German, French and English. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Some members of the diaspora do not speak the Bulgarian language (mostly representatives of the old emigration in the U.S., Canada and Argentina) but are still considered Bulgarians by ethnic origin or descent. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.

The majority of the Bulgarian linguists, as well as international ones, consider the officialized Macedonian language, since 1944, a local variation of Bulgarian, although the linguistic consensus suggests that a language is a language if its speakers define it as such. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages.

The Bulgarian language is written in the Cyrillic alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by

Name system

Main article: Bulgarian name

There are several different layers of Bulgarian names. Compared to other systems the Bulgarian name system can be said to be rather simple The vast majority of them have either Christian (names like Lazar, Ivan, Anna, Maria, Ekaterina) or Slavic origin (Vladimir, Svetoslav, Velislava). Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings After the Liberation in 1878, the names of historical Bulgar rulers like Asparuh, Krum, Kubrat and Tervel were resurrected. The Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) were a seminomadic people probably of Turkic descent originally from Central Asia, Asparuh or Isperih ( Bulgarian: Аспарух, Asparuh or Исперих, Isperih) was ruler of a Bulgar tribe Kubrat or Kurt (Кубрат Χουβρατις was a Bulgar ruler credited with establishing the confederation of Old Great Bulgaria in 632 Tervel (Тервел also called Tarvel, or Terval, or Terbelis in some Byzantine sources was the ruler of the Bulgars at the beginning The old Bulgar name Boris has spread from Bulgaria to a number of countries in the world with Russian tsar Boris Godunov and German tennis player Boris Becker being two of the examples of its use. Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. Boris Fyodorovich Godunov (Бори́с Фёдорович Годуно́в (c Boris Franz Becker (born 22 November 1967 in Leimen, West Germany) is a former World No

Most Bulgarian male surnames have an -ov surname suffix (Cyrillic: -ов). Family name Affixes are a clue for Family name etymology and determining Ethnic origin of a person The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by This is sometimes transcribed as -off (John Atanasov — John Atanasoff, but more often as -ov e. Transcription is the conversion into written typewritten or printed form of a Spoken language source such as the proceedings of a court hearing John Vincent Atanasoff ( Bulgarian: Джон Винсент Атанасов Dzhon Vinsent Atanasov) ( October 4, 1903 &ndash June 15 g. Boris Hristov). The -ov suffix is the Slavic gender-agreeing suffix, thus Ivanov (Bulgarian: Иванов) really means "Ivan's". In Languages agreement is a form of cross-reference between different parts of a sentence or phrase Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Bulgarian middle names use the gender-agreeing suffix as well, thus the middle name of Nikola's son becomes Nikolov, and the middle name of Ivan's son becomes Ivanov. In Languages agreement is a form of cross-reference between different parts of a sentence or phrase Since names in Bulgarian are gender-based, Bulgarian women have the -ova surname suffix (Cyrillic: -овa), for example, Maria Ivanova. Family name Affixes are a clue for Family name etymology and determining Ethnic origin of a person The plural form of Bulgarian names ends in -ovi (Cyrillic: -ови), for example the Ivanovi family (Иванови).

Other common Bulgarian male surnames have the -ev surname suffix (Cyrillic: -ев), for example Stoev, Ganchev, Peev, and so on. Family name Affixes are a clue for Family name etymology and determining Ethnic origin of a person The female surname in this case would have the -eva surname suffix (Cyrillic: -ева), for example: Galina Stoeva. Family name Affixes are a clue for Family name etymology and determining Ethnic origin of a person The last name of the entire family then would have the plural form of -evi (Cyrillic: -еви), for example: the Stoevi family (Стоеви).

Another typical Bulgarian surname suffix, though much less common, is -ski. This surname ending also gets an –a when the bearer of the name is female (Smirnenski becomes Smirnenska). The plural form of the surname suffix -ski is still -ski, e. g. the Smirnenski family (Bulgarian: Смирненски). Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group

The surname suffix -ich can be found sometimes, primarily among Catholic Bulgarians. Roman Catholicism is the third largest religious congregation in Bulgaria, after Eastern Orthodoxy and Islam. The ending –in (female -ina) also appears sometimes, though rather seldom. It used to be given to the child of an unmarried woman (for example the son of Kuna will get the surname Kunin and the son of Gana – Ganin). The surname ending –ich does not get an additional –a if the bearer of the name is female.

Religion

Most Bulgarians are at least nominally members of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church founded in 870 AD (autocephalous since 927 AD). Kukeri (кукери singular кукер kuker) is a traditional Bulgarian ritual to scare away evil spirits with a costumed man performing the ritual Karlovo (Карлово is a picturesque and a historically important town in central Bulgaria located in a fertile valley along the river Stryama at the southern The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква Bălgarska pravoslavna cărkva) is an Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church Autocephaly, in Hierarchical Christian churches and especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches is the status of a hierarchical church whose The Bulgarian Orthodox Church is the independent national church of Bulgaria like the other national branches of Eastern Orthodoxy and is considered an inseparable element of Bulgarian national consciousness. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква Bălgarska pravoslavna cărkva) is an Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The church has been abolished twice during the periods of Byzantine (1018—1185) and Ottoman (1396—1878) domination but was revived every time as a symbol of Bulgarian statehood. In 2001, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church had a total of 6,552,000 members in Bulgaria (82. 6% of the population) and between one and two million members in the diaspora. The problem with the allegiance of the Orthodox Bulgarian minorities in Serbia, Romania, Moldova and Ukraine has not yet been settled and Bulgarians in those countries still hold allegiance to the respective national orthodox churches. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.

Despite the position of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as a unifying symbol for all Bulgarians, smaller or larger groups of Bulgarians have converted to other faiths or denominations through the course of time. In the 16th and the 17th century Roman Catholic missionaries converted the Bulgarian Paulicians in the districts of Plovdiv and Svishtov to Roman Catholicism. Paulicians (Պավլիկյաններ were a Gnostic and Manichaean Christian group which flourished between 650 and 872 in Anatolia, Svishtov (Свищов known as Ziştovi during Ottoman rule is a town in northern Bulgaria located in Veliko Tarnovo Province on the right bank of the Nowadays there are some 40,000 Catholic Bulgarians in Bulgaria and additional 10,000 in Banat in Romania. The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries the eastern part lies in Romania (the counties The Catholic Bulgarians of the Banat are also descendants of Paulicians who fled to Banat at the end of the 17th century after an unsuccessful uprising against the Ottomans.

Protestantism was introduced in Bulgaria by missionaries from the United States in 1857. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Missionary work continued throughout the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. In 2001, there were some 25,000 Protestant Bulgarians in Bulgaria.

Between 15th and 20th century, during the Ottoman rule, a large number of Orthodox Bulgarians converted to Islam. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Their descendants now form the second largest religious congregation in Bulgaria. In 2001, there were 131,000 Muslim Bulgarians or Pomaks in Bulgaria in the Rhodope region, as well as some villages in the Teteven region in Central North Bulgaria. The Rhodopes (Родопи Rodopi, usually used with a definite article Родопите Rodopite, sometimes also called Родопа Rodopa or Родопа Teteven (Тетевен is a town on the banks of the Vit, at the foot of Stara Planina in north central Bulgaria, part of Lovech Province. Their origins are obscure,^[57] but they are generally believed to be Bulgarians who converted to Islam during the period of Ottoman rule in the Balkans. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish ^[58]

Further information: Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Islam in Bulgaria, Roman Catholicism in Bulgaria, Protestantism in Bulgaria. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква Bălgarska pravoslavna cărkva) is an Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church The Muslim population of Bulgaria, including Turks, Muslim Bulgarians, Pomaks, Roma, and Crimean Roman Catholicism is the third largest religious congregation in Bulgaria, after Eastern Orthodoxy and Islam. Protestantism in Bulgaria: Protestantism is the fourth largest religious congregation in Bulgaria after Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam and Roman Catholicism

Symbols

The national symbols of the Bulgarians are the Flag of Bulgaria and the Coat of Arms of Bulgaria. The Flag of Bulgaria (знаме на България zname na Balgariya) is a Tricolour consisting of three equal-sized horizontal bands The coat of arms of Bulgaria (Герб на България Gerb na Bălgariya) consists of a crowned golden lion rampant over a dark red shield

The national flag of Bulgaria is a rectangle with three colors: white, green, and red, positioned horizontally top to bottom. The color fields are of same form and equal size.

The Coat of Arms of Bulgaria is a state symbol of the sovereignty and independence of the Bulgarian people and state. The coat of arms of Bulgaria (Герб на България Gerb na Bălgariya) consists of a crowned golden lion rampant over a dark red shield It represents a crowned rampant golden lion on a dark red background with the shape of a shield. Above the shield there is a crown modeled after the crowns of the emperors of the Second Bulgarian Empire, with five crosses and an additional cross on top. The Second Bulgarian Empire ( Bulgarian: Второ българско царство Vtorо Balgarskо Tsartsvo) was a Medieval Bulgarian state Two crowned rampant golden lions hold the shield from both sides, facing it. They stand upon two crossed oak branches with acorns, which symbolize the power and the longevity of the Bulgarian state. Under the shield, there is a white band lined with the three national colors. The band is placed across the ends of the branches and the phrase "Unity Makes Strength" is inscribed on it.

Both the Bulgarian flag and the Coat of Arms are also used as symbols of various Bulgarian organisations, political parties and institutions.

Bulgarians. Faces through history

Thracians, fresco from a Thracian Tomb near Kazanlak, 4th century BC	Bulgars slaughter Byzantines, from the Menology of Basil II	Khan Krum (803-814), led triumphant campaigns against Avar Khaganate and Byzantine Empire	Khan Omurtag (815-831), warrior and builder
Saint Knyaz Boris I (852–889), converted the Bulgarians into Christianity	Icon of Saint Clement of Ohrid (ca. "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity The Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak is a vaulted brickwork "beehive" (tholos tomb near the town of Kazanlak in central Bulgaria. Kazanlak (Казанлък is a Bulgarian town located in the middle of the plain of the same name at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. The Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) were a seminomadic people probably of Turkic descent originally from Central Asia, Although the Latin word Menologium, in English also written Menology and Menologe, has been in some measure adopted for Western use it is originally and in strictness Basil II, surnamed the Bulgar-slayer (Βασίλειος Β΄ Βουλγαροκτόνος Basileios II Boulgaroktonos, 958 &ndash December 15 1025 The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. Boris I or sometimes Boris-Mihail (Michael (Борис I (Михаил also known as Bogoris (died 2 May 907 Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Saint Clement of Ohrid (Свети Климент Охридски sve'ti 'kliment 'oxridski (ca 840–916), the first bishop of Bulgarian	Ceramic icon of Saint Theodore dating to Tsar Simeon's reign (893–927)	A fresco from Boyana Church near Sofia depicting Desislava, a church patron (1259)
Fresco of Tsar Ivan Alexander ) from Bachkovo Monastery	Bulgarian women from the period of the Ottoman Empire rule (16th century)	Bulgarian peasants with Bulgarian merchant and his son in the late Ottoman Empire, 1860s'	Panayot Hitov (1830–1918), hajduk and voivode
Hristo Botev (1848–1876), poet and revolutionary	Knjaz Alexander Batemberg, first ruler of modern Bulgaria	Pencho Slaveykov ), modernist poet and literary theoretician	Tane Nikolov and Apostol Petkov, voivodes of IMARO
Yordan Radichkov ), writer	Valya Balkanska, folk music singer	Julia Kristeva p. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. Simeon (also Symeon) I the Great (Симеон I Велики transliterated Simeon I Veliki; simɛˈɔn ˈpɤrvi vɛˈliki ruled over Bulgaria The Boyana Church (Боянска църква Boyanska tsarkva) is a medieval Bulgarian Orthodox church situated on the outskirts of Sofia Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. Ivan Alexander (Иван Александър transliterated Ivan Aleksandǎr; iˈvan alɛkˈsandɤr original spelling ІѠАНЪ АЛЄѮАНдРЪ The Bachkovo Monastery (Бачковски манастир Bachkovski manastir, პეტრიწონის მონასტერი Petritsonis Monasteri The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Panayot Ivanov Hitov (Панайот Иванов Хитов (1830 &ndash 22 March 1918) was a Bulgarian Hajduk, national revolutionary Hajduk (or haiduk, haiduc, hayduck, hayduk) is a term most commonly referring to Outlaws highwaymen or Freedom fighters A voivode or waywode is a Slavic title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force Hristo Botev (Христо Ботев also transliterated as Hristo Botyov) ( January 6, 1848  – June 2, 1876) born A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" A revolutionary when used as a noun is a person who either actively engages in some kind of Revolution, or advocates the revolution with recognition from some government or Kniaz’ or knyaz is a word found in some Slavic languages, denoting a Nobility rank Alexander Joseph of Battenberg ( April 5, 1857 - November 17, 1893) the first prince ( Knyaz) of modern Bulgaria, reigning Pencho Petkov Slaveykov (Пенчо Петков Славейков ( 27 April 1866 – 10 June 1912) was a noted Bulgarian Poet Modernist literature is the literary form of Modernism and especially High modernism; it should not be confused with modern literature, which is the history Literary theory in a strict sense is the systematic study of the nature of Literature and of the methods for analyzing literature Tane Nikolov ( March 9, 1873, Haskovo, today Bulgaria - January 19, 1947, Asenovgrad)was a Bulgarian A voivode or waywode is a Slavic title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force Yordan Radichkov (Йордан Радичков ( October 24, 1929 - January 21, 2004) was a famous Bulgarian writer and A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Valya Mladenova Balkanska (Валя Младенова Балканска (born 8 January 1942) is a Bulgarian Folk music singer from the Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous jpg Julia Kristeva, literary critic, novelist, psychoanalyst, philosopher and feminist	Veselin Topalov, former world chess champion

References and notes

See also

• List of Bulgarians
• Banat Bulgarians
• Bessarabian Bulgarians
• Bulgaria
• Bulgars
• History of Bulgaria
• Bulgarian language
• Music of Bulgaria
• Bulgarian cuisine
• Bulgarian-Americans
• Bulgarians in Serbia
• Macedonians (ethnic group)
• Old Great Bulgaria
• Bulgarian months

This is a Partial list of famous Bulgarians Bulgarian monarchs Kubrat Batbayan Asparukh of The Banat Bulgarians ( Banat Bulgarian: palćene or banátsći balgare; common банатски българи banatski balgari) are a distinct The Bessarabian Bulgarians (бесарабски българи besarabski bǎlgari) are a Bulgarian minority group of the historical region of Bessarabia The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) were a seminomadic people probably of Turkic descent originally from Central Asia, The History of Bulgaria as a separate country began in 632 AD with the establishment of Old Great Bulgaria, which stretched from east of the Sea Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Bulgarian music is part of the Balkan tradition which stretches across Southeastern Europe, and has its own distinctive sound Bulgarian cuisine (българска кухня bulgarska kuhnya) is a representative of the cuisine of Southeastern Europe. Bulgarian Americans are Citizens of the United States with significant Bulgarian heritage Bulgarians are an Ethnic group in Serbia. This article focuses on Bulgarians in south-eastern Serbia one of the two areas in which ethnic Bulgarians are concentrated The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people Old Great Bulgaria or Great Bulgaria (Стара Велика България Παλαιά Μεγάλη Βουλγαρία in Byzantine chronicles alternative The months of the year used with the Gregorian calendar by Bulgarians bear names derived from the Latin month names and these are used by the Bulgarian

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic