| Bulbar Palsy Classification and external resources |
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| ICD-10 | G12.2 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 334.22 |
| DiseasesDB | 16043 |
Bulbar palsy refers to bilateral impairment of function of the lower cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII, which occurs due to lower motor neuron lesion either at nuclear or fascicular level in the medulla or from bilateral lesions of the lower cranial nerves outside the brain-stem. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings G00-G99 - Diseases of the Nervous system (G00-G09 Inflammatory diseases of the Central nervous system ( Bacterial meningitis The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. Bulbar Palsy is an assortment of signs and symptoms, not the name of a precise disease.
Contents |
Causes
- Genetic: Kennedy's disease
- Vascular causes: medullary infarction
- Degenerative diseases: motor neuron disease, syringobulbia
- Inflamatory/infective: Guillain-Barré syndrome, poliomyelitis, Lyme disease
- Malignancy: brain-stem glioma
Symptoms
These include:
- dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
- difficulty in chewing
- nasal regurgitation
- slurring of speech
- choking on liquids
Signs
These include:
- Nasal speech lacking in modulation and difficulty with all consonants
- Tongue is wasted and shows fasciculations. Kennedy's disease (KD or X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA is a neuromuscular disease associated with mutation of the Androgen receptor (AR The motor neurone diseases (or motor neuron diseases) (MND are a group of progressive neurological disorders that destroy Motor neurones the cells that control voluntary Syringobulbia is a medical condition when syringes, or fluid filled cavities affect the Brainstem. Guillain-Barré syndrome ( GBS) (in French ɡilɛ̃ baˈʁe in English ˈɡiːlæn ˈbɑreɪ /ɡiːˈæn bəˈreɪ/ etc Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an acute viral Infectious disease spread from person to person primarily via Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is an Emerging infectious disease caused by at least three Species of Bacteria belonging to the Genus A glioma is a type of Cancer that starts in the brain or spine Dysphagia should not be confused with the similarly pronounced Dysphasia, a language disorder A fasciculation (or "muscle Twitch " is a small local involuntary Muscle contraction (twitching visible under the skin arising from the spontaneous discharge
- Dribbling of saliva.
- Weakness of the soft palate, examined by asking the patient to say aah.
- The jaw jerk is normal or absent.
- The gag reflex is absent. The pharyngeal reflex or gag reflex is a Reflex contraction of the back of the throat evoked by touching the Soft palate, that prevents something from
- In addition, there may be lower motor neuron lesions of the limbs. Lower motor neurons ( LMNs) are the Motor neurons connecting the Brainstem and Spinal cord to Muscle fibers, bringing the nerve
Pseudobulbar palsy is a clinical syndrome similar to bulbar palsy but the damage is occurred in upper motor neurons, that is the nerves cells come down from the cerebral cortex inervating the motor nuclei in the medulla. Pseudobulbar palsy is bilateral impairment of the function of the lower Cranial nerves 9 10 11 and 12 which control the muscles of eating swallowing and talking
See also
External link for a comparison of bulbar palsy with pseudobulbar palsy: http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=456458269
Progressive Bulbar Palsy (also known simply as PBP) belongs to a group of disorders known as motor neuron diseases ( Lapiedra 2002) Pseudobulbar palsy is bilateral impairment of the function of the lower Cranial nerves 9 10 11 and 12 which control the muscles of eating swallowing and talking