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This article is about the brand of car. For the Scottish name, see Buick (name). The Surname Buick is ultimately of English origin derived from the Place name of Bewick, which is found in both Yorkshire and For the Sawyer Brown album, see Buick (album). Buick is the seventh studio album by American Country music band Sawyer Brown.
Buick Motor Division
Type Division
Founded 1903
Headquarters Detroit, Michigan, USA
Industry Automotive
Products luxury vehicles
Parent General Motors
Website www.buick.com

Buick is a marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, and Israel by General Motors Corporation. A division of a business entity is a portion of that business that operates under a different name The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need Luxury vehicle is a marketing term for a vehicle that provides luxury &mdash that which is beyond strict necessity &mdash in exchange for increased cost to the buyer A holding company is a company that owns part all or a majority of other companies' outstanding Stock. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A marque ( French for "brand" ˈmɑrk is a Brand name especially in the Automobile industry The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. The name is pronounced /ˈbjuːɪk/. Since the demise of Oldsmobile in 2004, it is GM's only North America-based entry-level luxury brand. Oldsmobile was a brand of Automobile produced for most of its existence by General Motors.

Contents

History

Louis Chevrolet driving a Buick Bug in the 1910 Vanderbilt Cup
Louis Chevrolet driving a Buick Bug in the 1910 Vanderbilt Cup
1910 Buick Bug Race Car and 1944 M18 Buick Hellcat Tank Destroyer
1910 Buick Bug Race Car and 1944 M18 Buick Hellcat Tank Destroyer
1914 Buick 5-Passenger Touring
1914 Buick 5-Passenger Touring
The 2008 Buick Enclave crossover has been a much needed sales success for Buick
The 2008 Buick Enclave crossover has been a much needed sales success for Buick

Buick originated as an independent motor car manufacturer, the Buick Motor Company, incorporated on May 19, 1903, by the Scottish-American David Dunbar Buick (who invented the overhead valve engine on which the company's success was based) in Detroit, Michigan. Louis-Joseph Chevrolet ( December 25, 1878, Bonfol, Canton of Jura, Switzerland - June 6, 1941 The Vanderbilt Cup was the first major trophy in American Auto racing. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Scottish Americans or Scots Americans are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates in Scotland. for the New Zealand politician see David Buick (New Zealand David Dunbar Buick was a Scottish -born American Inventor An overhead valve (OHV engine, also called pushrod engine or I-head engine is a type of Piston engine that places the Camshaft Later that year, the struggling company was taken over by James H. Whiting (1842-1919) [1], who moved it to his hometown of Flint, Michigan, and brought in William C. Durant in 1904 to manage his new acquisition. Flint is a city in the US state of Michigan and is located along the Flint River, 66 miles (106 km northwest of Detroit. William Crapo "Billy" Durant ( December 8, 1861 – March 18, 1947) was a leading pioneer of the United States Automobile Buick sold his stock for a small sum upon departure, and died in modest circumstances twenty-five years later.

Durant was a natural, and Buick soon became the largest car maker in America. Using the profits from this, Durant embarked on a series of corporate acquisitions, calling the new mega-corporation General Motors. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States.

At first, the manufacturers comprising General Motors competed against each other, but Durant ended that. He wanted each General Motors division to target one class of buyer, and in his new scheme Buick was near the top—only the Cadillac brand had more prestige. Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors.

In 1911, Buick introduced its first closed-body car,[2] four years ahead of Ford. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following [3] In 1929, Buick Motor Division launched the Marquette sister brand, designed to bridge the price gap between Buick and Oldsmobile; however, Marquette was discontinued in 1930. The Marquette was an automobile manufactured by General Motors ' Buick Division for model year 1930 Oldsmobile was a brand of Automobile produced for most of its existence by General Motors.

Today Buick retains that position in the GM lineup. The ideal Buick customer was comfortably off, possibly not quite rich enough to afford a Cadillac or not desiring the ostentation of one, but definitely in the market for a car above the norm. Buick is one of the oldest marques in the world, with Mercedes-Benz, Renault, Peugeot, Cadillac, Daimler and the discontinued Oldsmobile. Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the This is about the company for other uses see Renault (disambiguation. For the article about the bicycle manufacturer see Cycles Peugeot. Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. Oldsmobile was a brand of Automobile produced for most of its existence by General Motors.

Speculation [1] existed, however, as to whether GM will eliminate the Buick brand to cut costs. This followed the temporary suspension of GM's planned Zeta project to develop new rear wheel drive cars fitting the Buick market niche [2]. GM also has started consolidating of Buick, Pontiac, and GMC trucks into single dealer franchises, which would make it simple to eliminate the Buick brand without leaving dealers devoid of product. However, with the development of the Zeta platform still ongoing (including the development of the 2006 VE Commodore and the new Chevrolet Camaro), it may be likely that Buick will survive still. The Holden Commodore is an Automobile manufactured by the Holden division of General Motors (GM in Australia and formerly in New Zealand The Chevrolet Camaro is a " Pony car " made in North America by the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors.

Buick began consolidating its lineup in 2005, replacing the Century and Regal with the LaCrosse (known as the Buick Allure in Canada), and the LeSabre and Park Avenue with the Lucerne in 2006. Buick Century is the model name used by the Buick division of General Motors for a line of Full-size performance vehicles from 1936 to 1942 and 1954 The Buick Regal is a Mid-size car produced by General Motors ' Buick division from 1973 through 2004 during which Buick also used the Century The Buick LaCrosse is a Mid-size car produced by the Buick division of American automaker General Motors since 2004 as the 2005 model year The Buick LaCrosse is a Mid-size car produced by the Buick division of American automaker General Motors since 2004 as the 2005 model year The Buick LeSabre was a Full-size car made by the Buick division of General Motors from 1959-2005 The Buick Park Avenue is a Full-size car built by General Motors and sold by its Buick division The Buick Lucerne is a Full-size car sold by the Buick division of General Motors that replaced the Park Avenue and the LeSabre Both of its SUVs, the Rendezvous and Rainier were discontinued in 2007 to make way for the new 2008 Enclave, while the slow-selling Terraza minivan has also been dropped for '08. A sport utility vehicle ( SUV) is a generic marketing description for a rugged automotive vehicle similar to a Station wagon but built on a light-truck chassis The Buick Rendezvous, introduced in the spring of 2001 as a 2002 Model year vehicle is a Sport utility vehicle that was sold by the Buick division of The Buick Rainier was a mid-size SUV sold by the Buick division of General Motors. The Buick Enclave is a Full-size luxury crossover SUV launched in May 2007 as a 2008 Model by the Buick division of General The Buick Terraza is a Minivan from General Motors ' Buick brand that was sold from the 2005 through 2007 model years This leaves the marque with just three models in the United States. In 2008, Buick sales slipped from an average of four cars per dealer per month to three, in addition to two trucks. [4] There have been rumors on Edmund's and Motor Trend that Buick will have a roadster sedan in 2010, which could mean that the marque may survive beyond 2009.

There is speculation that future Buick models will have interior and exterior designs with greatly increased influence from Buick of China. This is due to Buick's great success and high reputation in China. Motor Authority has also written that Buick will introduce the Buick Excelle in the United States in 2008 [3]. The Daewoo Lacetti is a Compact car made by the South Korean automaker GM Daewoo. Other Chinese designed models are likely to follow either as debuts or as redesigns of existing American models.

Distinguishing features

Trishield, Buick´s emblem
Trishield, Buick´s emblem

Buick's emblem consists of three shields, each bisected diagonally to the right by a straight line, the shields arranged touching each other in a left-diagonal pattern, inside a circle. If represented in color, the leftmost shield is red, the middle white, and the rightmost blue, although white is sometimes represented by light gray. This design, known as the Trishield, was adopted in 1959 for the 1960 models and represents the three models that comprised the lineup that year—LeSabre, Invicta, and Electra. The shields are adopted from the shield of the Buick family crest, which in modified form had been used on Buicks since the 1930s. A version of the traditional crest appeared on Electras through the 1980s.

Buick Special or Super Sedan, 1951. Three Portholes are visible.
Buick Special or Super Sedan, 1951. Three Portholes are visible.

A traditional Buick styling cue dating to 1949 is a series of three or four portholes or vents on the front fender behind the front wheels. The source of this design feature was a custom car (one not made by Buick, but personal car of stylist Ned Nickles), which in addition had a flashing light within each hole, each synchronized with a specific spark plug simulating the flames from the exhaust stack of a fighter airplane. A custom car is a passenger vehicle that has been modified in either of the following two ways Combined with the bombsight mascot (introduced in the 1940s), the ventiports put the driver at the controls of an imaginary fighter airplane. The flashing light feature was not used by Buick in production, but the portholes remained as nonfunctional ornamentation.

These were originally called "Ventiports" as they did allow air flow into the engine bay (later just "portholes"). Ventiports have appeared sporadically on several models since.

Lower cost models were equipped with three portholes, while higher cost models came with four. Often, people would denote their cars as "Four-Holers" or "Three-Holers" to assert the car's class. When the number of portholes was standardized across the entire model line, buyers of the higher cost models complained bitterly that they felt shortchanged. In 2003 they were re-introduced on the Buick Park Avenue. The Buick Park Avenue is a Full-size car built by General Motors and sold by its Buick division After the Park Avenue was discontinued, Buick salvaged the portholes to appear on the new Lucerne. The Buick Lucerne is a Full-size car sold by the Buick division of General Motors that replaced the Park Avenue and the LeSabre In a break with tradition, the Lucerne's portholes refer directly to engine configuration: V6 models have three on each side, while V8s have four on each side. A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of three cylinders A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of four cylinders in most cases set at a right angle to each other

"Sweepspear" in a Buick Skylark.
"Sweepspear" in a Buick Skylark.

Another styling cue from the 1940s through the 1970s was the "sweepspear", a curved line running the length of the car. In the earlier cars, this was a chrome-plated rub strip which, after it passed the front wheel, gently curved down nearly to the rocker panel just before the rear wheel, and then curved around the rear wheel in a quarter of a circle to go straight back to the tail-light. During the two-tone color craze of the 1950s, the sweepspear separated two different color areas. After that, the curved line was usually indicated either by a vinyl rub strip or simply a character line molded into the sheetmetal.

During the 1950s, the characteristic form of the Buick taillamps was a tier of small circular bullet-shapes. In the early 1960s, most models began to evolve a wide, rectangular pattern, until the '65 Skylark and Electra models appeared with full-width rear lamps. The Buick Skylark was a passenger car produced by the Buick division of General Motors. The Buick Electra and the Buick Electra 225 are full-size premium Automobiles built by the Buick division of General Motors. Since then, wide taillamps have been a Buick hallmark.

Buick "dollar grin" and Trishield in a Buick Lesabre
Buick "dollar grin" and Trishield in a Buick Lesabre

The Buick styling cue (dating from the 1940s) that has most often reappeared, though, is for the grille to be a horizontal oval with many thin vertical chromed ribs bulging forward. This has sometimes been called the Buick "dollar grin" particularly on the early 1950s models, which had thick, highly-polished ribs that somewhat resembled teeth. The 1950 model took this tooth theme to its extreme as the teeth crossed over the bumper exposing the 1950 "grin". The 1951 model reined in the theme bringing the teeth back behind the bumper.

1987 Buick Regal Grand National
1987 Buick Regal Grand National

It appears Buick may be preparing to abandon this styling cue for a new waterfall grille, as seen on the Buick Velite concept car from 2004 and the Buick Lucerne introduced for the 2006 model year. The Buick Velite is a roadster Concept car designed by the Buick division of American Automaker General Motors and built The Buick Lucerne is a Full-size car sold by the Buick division of General Motors that replaced the Park Avenue and the LeSabre This waterfall grille bears some resemblance to grilles of Buicks from the 1980s, such as the Grand National. The Buick Regal is a Mid-size car produced by General Motors ' Buick division from 1973 through 2004 during which Buick also used the Century

The Buick V8 engine, nicknamed the "nailhead", became popular with hot-rodders in the 1950s and 1960s, because the vertical attachment of the valve covers, in contrast to the angled attachment of other V-8 engines, enabled the engine to fit into smaller spaces while maintaining easy access for maintenance. Like its sister General Motors divisions Buick produced its own family of V8 engines to replace its straight-8 engines. Hot rods are typically American cars with large engines modified for linear speed Rocker Covers, in relation to the Internal combustion engine, are covers that are bolted on over Rocker arms Called a valve cover in the United States It was also popular because the design was capable of producing much more torque per cubic inch than other engine designs.

By 1970, Buick was making quiet history with more conventional V-8s that had abandoned the "nailhead" design but made much greater power. For the 1970 model year, Buick re-named its "Gran Sport" performance models (not to be confused with the Chevrolet Corvette "Grand Sport" cars) as "GS" models, and initially this was headed up by the powerful GS455 Stage 1, so named for its 455 cubic inch (7. 4L) engine, with its high performance "Stage 1" package. Built on the same "A-body" platform as the Chevelle, Cutlass/442, and LeMans/GTO, the GS cars were performance based vehicles spawned from Buick's Skylark line, and shared all of the A-Body GM offering's tendency for good looks. Both hardtop and convertible "GS" models were offered.

Midway through that year, Buick debuted its "GSX" model, which was an appearance package rivaling that of the GTO "Judge". GSX colors ran the spectrum that year, if that range included just yellow and white. Subsequent GSX models offered a variety of colors to go with the GSX signature hood blackout treatment and the swept wide pin striping vaguely reminiscent of the famous Buick "sweepspear". GSX models could be ordered with 350, 455, or 455 Stage 1 engines, and were outfitted with the usual GS options such as dual hood scoop hood with functioning "ram-air" intake, and dual exhaust. Horsepower ratings for the Stage 1 455s were a relatively mild 360 hp (or 370 depending on sources), but featured a pavement-tearing 510 ft·lbf (690 N·m) of torque at 2200 rpm, good to propel the relatively weighty GS455 Stage 1 equipped cars to quarter-mile times under 13. 4 seconds. Buick halted GSX production after the 1972 model year.

The prototype GSX survived the show circuit, and was a fully functioning car that beat the odds to survive not only the usual showcar life of "construction-display-destruction", but also the life of an ordinary car, as it was sold from a dealership after being on display for some time. The car survives to this day, and is restored to its original condition and is fully streetable and licensed.

Geographical distribution

Unlike some of GM's other brands, Buicks are currently not marketed globally, although the marque had a substantial export presence until a few years ago. Some Buicks were also built in Europe or were available with specific trim for European market until 1996.

In pre-World War II China, one in five cars were Buicks.

Currently most Buick sales are restricted to the United States and Canada. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page However, Buick has attracted a considerable market in a few countries.

Buick in New Zealand

Buicks were once sold in New Zealand. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Back then, they were also built at the GMNZ plant in Petone, outside Wellington. Suburb Wellington (ˈwælɪŋtən is the Capital of New Zealand, the country's second largest urban area, the At the end of World War II, the Buick name was not revived. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Buick in Israel

In Israel, Buicks are imported by Universal Motors, Ltd. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. (UMI), which also imports other GM vehicles. For the 2004 and 2005 model years, the Buick LeSabre and Buick Rendezvous were sold. The Buick LeSabre was a Full-size car made by the Buick division of General Motors from 1959-2005 The Buick Rendezvous, introduced in the spring of 2001 as a 2002 Model year vehicle is a Sport utility vehicle that was sold by the Buick division of For the 2006 and 2007 model years, the Buick LaCrosse and Buick Lucerne were sold alongside the Rendezvous. The Buick LaCrosse is a Mid-size car produced by the Buick division of American automaker General Motors since 2004 as the 2005 model year The Buick Lucerne is a Full-size car sold by the Buick division of General Motors that replaced the Park Avenue and the LeSabre For the 2008 model year, the Buick LaCrosse and Buick Lucerne are sold. The Buick LaCrosse is a Mid-size car produced by the Buick division of American automaker General Motors since 2004 as the 2005 model year The Buick Lucerne is a Full-size car sold by the Buick division of General Motors that replaced the Park Avenue and the LeSabre

Buick in the Middle East

Buicks were sold throughout the Middle East until the second generation Buick Roadmaster was discontinued. The Roadmaster was an automobile built by the Buick division of General Motors.

Buick in China

General Motors, selling vehicles under the Buick, Chevrolet, Opel, Saab and Cadillac names, is the best selling foreign automaker in China. Selling a combined 876,000 vehicles in 2006, GM overtook Volkswagen the year before, although that company still holds the claim on best selling brand. [5][6] Making up nearly 35% of those sales, China is Buick's largest market, including the United States. [7]

Since 1999, a Chinese version of the Buick Century/Regal has been produced and sold in China under Shanghai GM and has proven to be popular among upscale, professional families, establishing Buick as one of the most popular vehicle brands in China. Buick Century is the model name used by the Buick division of General Motors for a line of Full-size performance vehicles from 1936 to 1942 and 1954 The Buick Regal is a Mid-size car produced by General Motors ' Buick division from 1973 through 2004 during which Buick also used the Century China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National In addition, Buick of China also sells the compact Excelle (based on the Daewoo Lacetti/Nubira), a five-door hatchback version called the HRV, and a modified version of the first generation Pontiac Montana minivan named the GL8. This article is about the Chaebol Daewoo Group For the Korean auto company Daewoo Motors that is associated with Chevrolet, see GM Daewoo. The Daewoo Nubira is a Compact car produced by South Korean automaker Daewoo Motors from 1997 to 2002 Hatchback is a term designating an Automobile design containing a passenger cabin with an integrated Cargo space accessed from behind the vehicle by a single The Daewoo Lacetti is a Compact car made by the South Korean automaker GM Daewoo. The Pontiac Montana is a Minivan from the Pontiac division of General Motors. The Buick GL8 is a Minivan sold by General Motors ' Buick division in China. Chinese market Buicks are equipped with smaller engines than the same nameplate in the American market; in 2008 General Motors began importing these engines from China for use in the American Chevrolet Equinox and Pontiac Torrent. The Chevrolet Equinox is a Mid-size Crossover SUV from Chevrolet, introduced in 2004 for the 2005 model year The Pontiac Torrent is the latest Sport utility vehicle (SUV offered by the Pontiac division of General Motors, being the successor of the discontinued [8]

In June 2005, Buick announced that it would market the Australian Holden Statesman in China as the Buick Royaum. The Holden Statesman and Caprice are a series of full-size Luxury vehicles produced by the Australian General Motors division of Holden Buick previously marketed the subcompact Sail, sourced from GM's Asian operations and based on the Opel Corsa B, until 2005. The Opel Corsa is a supermini that has been produced by General Motors' European Subsidiary Opel since 1982 and has also been sold under a variety The Opel Corsa is a supermini that has been produced by General Motors' European Subsidiary Opel since 1982 and has also been sold under a variety Since then, Shanghai GM has replaced it with the Chevrolet Sail. Buick has stated that it expects China to become its second largest market.

For the 2006 model year, Buick debuted the Chinese version of the LaCrosse sedan. The Buick LaCrosse is a Mid-size car produced by the Buick division of American automaker General Motors since 2004 as the 2005 model year The only differences are exterior design, different engine choices, and a facelifted interior. It is positioned above the Regal but below the Royaum.

In April 2007, Shanghai-GM announced the Buick Park Avenue, for the Chinese market only. The Buick Park Avenue is a Full-size car built by General Motors and sold by its Buick division The vehicle is based on the Holden Statesman, with engines manufactured in Australia. The Holden Statesman and Caprice are a series of full-size Luxury vehicles produced by the Australian General Motors division of Holden

Buick in Taiwan

GM Taiwan was founded in August 1989. In the early 1990s, Buick, along with other GM brands were very popular and frequently seen on Taiwanese streets. Park Avenue, 3rd & 4th generation Regal, and 6th generation Skylark used to be sold in Taiwan. The Buick Park Avenue is a Full-size car built by General Motors and sold by its Buick division The Buick Regal is a Mid-size car produced by General Motors ' Buick division from 1973 through 2004 during which Buick also used the Century The Buick Skylark was a passenger car produced by the Buick division of General Motors.

In December 2004, General Motors signed a memorandum of understanding with Yulon, a firm based in Taiwan, for the licensed manufacture of Buick vehicles there. Yulon Motor Co Ltd (裕隆汽車製造股份有限公司 is an Automaker in Taiwan, founded as a Machinery company in 1953 Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. In July 2005, Yulon GM Motor Co. Ltd. (Yulon GM), a joint venture with 51 percent equity stake held by Yulon Motor and 49 percent by GM was founded.

On April 17th 2006, Yulon-GM debuted the first Buick vehicle ever being built in Taiwan, the LaCrosse sedan. The Buick LaCrosse is a Mid-size car produced by the Buick division of American automaker General Motors since 2004 as the 2005 model year It is very similar to the Greater Chinese regional version of the LaCrosse. The Buick LaCrosse is a Mid-size car produced by the Buick division of American automaker General Motors since 2004 as the 2005 model year

Buick models

Companion make

Concept vehicles

Cultural references

See also

E. The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles E. Smith's "Skylark" novel series is rumored to be named after the Buick Skylark. Heinlein's "Expanded Universe" mentions an encounter between Heinlein, Smith and a Buick Skylark. In the 2007 AMC TV show "Madmen", which is set in 1960, the main character drives a 1959 Buick LeSabre coupe.

References

  1. ^ Flint Timeline Project-James H. Whiting
  2. ^ Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877-1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p. 121.
  3. ^ Clymer, p. 120.
  4. ^ "Buick and the Detroit Zombies", Andrew Dederer, The Truth About Cars, April 25, 2008
  5. ^ General Motors Sells Record 876,747 Vehicles in China in 2006. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common GM China Press Release. Retrieved on April 10, 2007. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  6. ^ GM becomes top-selling foreign automaker in China. Detroit News. The Detroit News is one of the two major newspapers in the US Retrieved on April 10, 2007. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  7. ^ "China could save a tarnished GM brand", Roland Jones, MSNBC.com, Dec. 20,2006
  8. ^ "Buy American, get Chinese engine", Ian Austen, Detroit News, March 27, 2008
  9. ^ see here

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