| Benjamin Siegel | |
Bugsy Siegel's memorial in the Flamingo Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas near the wedding chapel
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| Born | February 28, 1906 Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York, USA |
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| Died | June 20, 1947 (aged 41) Beverly Hills, California, USA |
| Cause of death | Murder |
| Burial place | Hollywood Forever Cemetery Hollywood, California, USA |
| Residence | Beverly Hills, California, USA |
| Nationality | American |
| Other names | Bugsy |
| Occupation | Organized crime |
| Religious beliefs | Jewish |
| Spouse | Esta Krakower |
| Partner | Virginia Hill |
| Parents | Max Siegel, Jennie Goldstein |
Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel (Bairush HaLevi "Ben" Mordechai Dov HaLevi) (February 28, 1906 – June 20, 1947) was an American gangster, who was behind large-scale development of Las Vegas. The Flamingo Las Vegas is a hotel casino located on the famed Las Vegas Strip in Paradise Nevada and is owned and operated by Harrah's Entertainment. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Brownsville also known as Bville and The hill is a low-income residential neighborhood located in eastern Brooklyn, New York. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries Hollywood Forever Cemetery is located at 6000 Santa Monica Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Esta Siegel (born Krakower) (1911&ndash1982 was the wife of gangster Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel. Virginia Hill ( August 26, 1916 - March 24, 1966) was a Chicago Outfit Courier Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For other uses see Gangsta. A gangster is a criminal who is or at some point almost invariably becomes a member of a persistent violent Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally [1]
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Siegel was born in Brownsville, Brooklyn, to a poor Jewish family originally from Letychiv,[2] Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire, in modern Ukraine. Brownsville also known as Bville and The hill is a low-income residential neighborhood located in eastern Brooklyn, New York. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Letychiv (Летичів Latyczów Летичев is a town in the eastern part of Khmelnytskyi Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine. The Podolia Governorate or Government of Podolia was a governorate ( Guberniya) of the Russian Empire from 1793 &ndash 1917 The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. As a boy, Siegel joined a street gang on Lafayette Street on the Lower East Side and first committed mainly thefts, until, with another youth named Moe Sedway, he devised his own protection racket: pushcart merchants were forced to pay him a dollar or he would incinerate their merchandise on the spot. The Lower East Side is a Neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan. In Criminal law, theft (also known as stealing or filching) is the illegal taking of another person's Property without that person's freely-given Moe Sedway (1894 - 1952 was the faithful lieutenant of organized crime czar Meyer Lansky. A protection racket is an Extortion scheme whereby a powerful entity or individual coerces other less powerful entities or individuals to pay protection money [3]
During adolescence, Siegel befriended Meyer Lansky, who was forming a small mob whose criminal activities expanded to include gambling and car theft. Meyer Lansky (born Majer Suchowliński, July 4, 1902 &ndash January 15, 1983) was a gangster who with Charles Siegel reputedly also worked as the mob's hit man, whom Lansky would sometimes hire out to other crime families. For other uses of this term see Hitman (disambiguation A hitman usually is an Assassin who is hired to assassinate a target via A crime family is a term used to describe a unit of an Organized crime syndicate often operating within a specific geographic territory
In 1930, Lansky and Siegel built close ties to Charles "Lucky" Luciano and Frank Costello, both future bosses of the Genovese crime family. Charles "Lucky" Luciano (born Salvatore Lucania; November 24 1897 – January 26 1962 was a Sicilian Mobster. Frank Costello, born Francesco Castiglia (January 26 1891—February 18 1973 was a New York gangster who rose to the top of America's underworld controlled The Genovese crime family is one of the " Five Families " that controls Organized crime activities in New York City, within the nationwide Siegel became a bootlegger and was also associated with Albert "Mad Hatter" Anastasia. Rum-running is the business of Smuggling or transporting of Alcoholic beverages illegally usually to circumvent Taxation or Prohibition. Albert Anastasia (born Umberto Anastasio) ( September 26, 1902 &ndash October 25, 1957) aka the Mad Hatter and Siegel was heavily involved in bootlegging operations in New York, New Jersey and Philadelphia. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə During the so-called Castellammarese War in 1930-1931, they fought the gang of Sal Maranzano. The Castellammarese War (1929 - 1931 was a bloody power struggle for control of the Italian-American Mafia between two factions Salvatore Maranzano ( July 31, 1886 - September 10, 1931) was an Organized crime figure from the town of Castellammare del Siegel reputedly had a hand in Maranzano's murder and later in the formation of Murder, Inc. In 1932, he was arrested for gambling and bootlegging but got off with only a fine. Murder Inc, Murder Incorporated or Brownsville Boys was the name given by the press for an Organized crime group in the 1920s to 1940s that carried Lansky and Siegel assisted in Luciano's brief alliance with Dutch Schultz and killed rival loan sharks Louis "Pretty" Amberg and Joseph Amberg in 1935. Dutch Schultz ( August 6, 1902 &ndash October 24, 1935) was a New York City -area gangster of the 1920s and 1930s A loan shark is a person or body that offers illegal Unsecured loans at high Interest rates to individuals often backed by Blackmail or threats Louis "Pretty" Amberg ( 1897 - October 23, 1935) was a New York mobster and labor racketeer who led a criminal organization with his brothers Joseph Amburg ( 1892 - September 30, 1935) was a New York mobster who with his brothers Hyman and Louis "Pretty" Amberg
In 1937, the East Coast mob sent Siegel to California to develop syndicate gambling rackets with Los Angeles mobster Jack Dragna. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The Commission is the governing body of the Mafia in the United States. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Jack Dragna ( April 18, 1891 &ndash February 23, 1956) born Ignazio Dragna in Corleone, Sicily, was an Organized Once in L. A. , Siegel recruited gang boss Mickey Cohen as his lieutenant. Meyer Harris "Mickey" Cohen ( September 4 1913 in Brooklyn New York – July 29 1976 in Los Angeles, Siegel used syndicate money to set up a national wire service to help the East Coast mob quicken their returns.
On January 28, 1929, Siegel married Esta Krakower, his childhood sweetheart and sister of hit man Whitey Krakower. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Esta Siegel (born Krakower) (1911&ndash1982 was the wife of gangster Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel. Whitey Krakow or Krakower (died July 30, 1941) was a New York mobster who during the 1930s served as a hitman for Murder Inc Siegel eventually moved Esta and their two daughters to the West Coast. Siegel had several mistresses; four of whom included actresses Ketti Gallian, Wendy Barrie, Marie "The Body" MacDonald, and Hollywood socialite Dorothy DiFrasso. Wendy Barrie ( 18 April, 1912 – 2 February, 1978) was a British actress who worked in British and Hollywood Marie McDonald ( July 6, 1923 – October 21, 1965) was an American singer and actress
With the aid of DiFrasso and actor friend George Raft, Siegel gained entry into Hollywood's inner circle, allegedly using his contacts to extort the movie studios. George Raft ( 26 September 1895 – 24 November 1980) was an American Film Actor most closely identified At this point in his career, Siegel started living in extravagant fashion; on his tax returns Siegel claimed to earn his living through legal gambling at the Santa Anita racetrack near Los Angeles. Santa Anita may refer to Santa Anita Park in California USA Westfield Santa Anita Santa Anita Mexico holy site in Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West
Siegel soon started an affair with Virginia Hill. Virginia Hill ( August 26, 1916 - March 24, 1966) was a Chicago Outfit Courier The Alabama-born Hill lived in a mansion in Beverly Hills that she rented from Metropolitan Opera baritone Lawrence Tibbett. Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880 is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. Lawrence Mervil Tibbett ( November 16, 1896 - July 15, 1960) was an American opera singer movie actor radio personality and recording artist Siegel became a frequent guest at the Hill mansion. There were rumors that the couple had secretly married in Mexico, where Hill helped Siegel establish drug dealing contacts. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global Black market consisting of the cultivation manufacture distribution and sale of illegal Drugs However, Siegel's relationship with Hill did not deter Siegel from his compulsive womanizing.
On November 22, 1939, Siegel, Whitey Krakow, and two other gang members killed Harry "Big Greenie" Greenberg. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Harry Schachter or Harry Greenberg was an associate (and childhood friend of Bugsy Siegel, and an employee of Charlie "Lucky" Luciano and Greenberg had become a police informant, and Louis "Lepke" Buchalter, boss of Murder, Inc., ordered his killing. Louis "Lepke" Buchalter ( 6 February 1897 &ndash 4 March 1944) was a Jewish-American mobster of the 1930s Murder Inc, Murder Incorporated or Brownsville Boys was the name given by the press for an Organized crime group in the 1920s to 1940s that carried Siegel was arrested and tried for the Greenberg murder. Whitey Krakower was killed before he could face trial. Whitey Krakow or Krakower (died July 30, 1941) was a New York mobster who during the 1930s served as a hitman for Murder Inc Siegel was acquitted on the Greenberg murder, but his reputation was in ruins. During the trial, the newspapers revealed Siegel's sordid past and started referring to him as "Bugsy". He hated the nickname, "Bugsy" (said to be based on the slang term "bugs", meaning "crazy", and used to describe his sometimes erratic behavior), and wouldn't allow anyone to call him that to his face. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Slang is the use of highly informal Words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's Dialect or Language.
Like many of his gangster counterparts, Siegel yearned to be legitimate. The perfume of legitimacy and respectability he craved was still well beyond his reach. But by the spring of 1946, that perfume became stronger - wafting in on the heat waves of William R. Wilkerson's Flamingo. William Richard Wilkerson ( September 29, 1890 &ndash September 2, 1962) was the founder of the Hollywood Reporter, Flamingo Hotel The Flamingo Las Vegas is a hotel casino located on the famed Las Vegas Strip in Paradise Nevada and is owned and operated by Harrah's Entertainment.
Las Vegas gave Ben Siegel his second opportunity to reinvent himself. Siegel had originally traveled to southern Nevada in the 1930s with Meyer Lansky's lieutenant Moe Sedway, on Lansky's orders to explore possibilities for expanding their operations. Meyer Lansky (born Majer Suchowliński, July 4, 1902 &ndash January 15, 1983) was a gangster who with Charles Moe Sedway (1894 - 1952 was the faithful lieutenant of organized crime czar Meyer Lansky. Lansky had turned the desert over to Siegel. But Siegel, wanting nothing to do with it, turned it over to Moe Sedway and fled with lightning speed for the lights and glamor of Hollywood.
Lansky pressured Siegel to represent them in Wilkerson's desert project. Someone had to watchdog their interests. Siegel, who knew Wilkerson and lived near him in Beverly Hills, was the obvious choice as a liaison. But Siegel was infuriated. He wanted no part in any operation that took him back to Nevada on a permanent basis. It meant forsaking his comfortable Beverly Hills nest and Hollywood playboy lifestyle and enduring the sweltering heat of the Nevada Desert. At Lansky's insistence, however, Siegel reluctantly consented.
Throughout the spring of 1946, Siegel proved remarkably useful. He obtained black-market building materials through his connections. The post-war shortages that had dogged construction were no longer a problem. At first Siegel seemed content to do things Wilkerson's way. His desire to learn everything about the project from the ground up took precedence over his "sportsman" lifestyle. It also seems to have temporarily subdued his aggressive impulses. Under Wilkerson's tutelage, Siegel played the willing pupil, earnestly learning the mechanics of building an enterprise.
The role of the pupil did not come easily to Benny Siegel. Perhaps outdistanced and afraid of being upstaged by his mentor, Siegel began to feel intimidated and paranoid. He grew increasingly resentful of Wilkerson's talents and vision. As time went on, the gangster's respectful admiration disintegrated into an insane, all-consuming jealousy. It all started quietly enough. Siegel reverted to his familiar role; the big-shot. He began making decisions on his own without Wilkerson's consultation or authorization. Informing work crews that Wilkerson had put him in charge, Siegel ordered changes which conflicted with the blue-printed plans.
The problem came to a head when Siegel openly protested his watchdog role. He demanded more hands-on involvement in the project. In an effort to appease the gangster and keep the project moving smoothly, Wilkerson agreed to a compromise. It was mutually agreed that Siegel would supervise the hotel portion while Wilkerson retained control of everything else.
As time passed, Siegel's grandiose ambitions mushroomed into uncontrolled greed. Unhappy with the business arrangements originally negotiated by Harry Rothberg, the gangster began to view Wilkerson, who held the reins of power, as a major obstacle. In May 1946, Siegel decided that the original agreement had been a mistake. It had to be altered to give him full control of the Flamingo. Siegel offered to buy out Wilkerson's creative participation, not with cash, but corporate stock - an additional 5 percent ownership in the operation. On June 20, 1946, Benny formed the Nevada Project Corporation of California, naming himself as president. He was also the largest principal stockholder in the operation, which defined everyone else merely as shareholders. From this point on the Flamingo became effectively a syndicate-run operation.
Siegel then began spending with a free hand. He launched an all-out spending spree that was staggering even by today's standards. Indulging in a taste for the astronomically expensive, Siegel demanded the finest building that money could buy at a time when wartime shortages were still being felt. Siegel decreed that each bathroom of the ninety-three room hotel should have its own private sewer system. Cost: $1,150,000. More toilets were ordered than needed. Cost: $50,000. Because of the new plumbing alterations, the boiler room, now too small at its original capacity, had to be enlarged. Cost: $113,000. Siegel also ordered a larger kitchen. Cost: $29,000. Adding to the budgetary over-runs were problems with dishonest contractors and disgruntled unpaid builders. By day, trucks regularly delivered black market goods. By night the same materials were often pilfered, and resold to Siegel a few days later. As costs soared, Siegel's checks began bouncing. By October 1946, the project's costs had soared above $4 million. In the spring of 1947, the Flamingo would clock in at over $6,000,000.
The first indication of trouble for the gangster came in early November. The syndicate issued a stern ultimatum: either provide them with a full accounting or forfeit future funding. But the last thing Siegel wanted to do was produce a balance sheet. After the syndicate's refusal of help, Siegel waged a reckless campaign of private fundraising. He was so desperate for cash that he even sold nonexistent stock. Suddenly, Siegel was in a hurry to finish the hotel. He doubled his work force, believing the project could be completed in half the time. But it was the costs, not the building, that began rising even faster. Siegel paid overtime and even double-time. In some cases, special bonuses tied to project deadlines were offered in hope of increasing productivity. By the end of November work on the casino was nearly finished.
Under immense pressure to have the hotel start making some money, Benny moved up the grand opening from Wilkerson's original date of March 1, 1947 to the day after Christmas, 1946. Although the hotel portion was still incomplete he was hoping to generate enough revenue from the casino to complete the project and repay angry investors. Siegel formally announced that the hotel would be open and ready for occupancy the day after Christmas. Its gala opening would be held that same evening, December 26, 1946. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Siegel managed to generate considerable confusion regarding the opening date itself. Acting on a whim, the gangster had suddenly decided that a weekend would be more likely to entice the much-needed celebrities away from home. Invitations were subsequently sent out for Saturday, December 28. The indecisive Siegel changed his mind yet again. Invitees were hurriedly notified by phone that the opening had been changed back to its original date, the 26th.
While locals jammed the opening, the masses of celebrities Siegel has been counting on never materialized. A handful of celebrities did motor in from Los Angeles despite the appalling weather. Some of the celebrities present were June Haver, Vivian Blaine, George Raft, Sonny Tufts, Brian Donlevy and Charles Coburn. June Haver ( June 10, 1926 &ndash July 4, 2005) was an American film actress, who was born in Rock Island Illinois Vivian Blaine ( 21 November, 1921 – 9 December, 1995) was an Actress and Singer best known for originating the role George Raft ( 26 September 1895 – 24 November 1980) was an American Film Actor most closely identified Sonny Tufts (born Bowen Charlton Tufts III, 16 July 1911, Boston - 4 June 1970, Santa Monica California) was Brian Donlevy ( February 9 1901 &ndash April 5 1972) was an American Actor, known for many film roles from the 1930s to Charles Douville Coburn ( June 19, 1877 &ndash August 30, 1961) was an Academy Award -winning American Film and They were welcomed by a cacophony of construction noise and a lobby draped with decorators' drop cloths. The desert's first air-conditioning system collapsed at regular intervals, leaving guests cursing the heat. While visitors did find gambling tables in operation at the Flamingo, the luxury rooms that would have served as the lure for them to stay and gamble longer were not ready. After two weeks of operation the Flamingo's plush gaming tables were $275,000 in the red and ended up shutting down the entire operation in late January 1947. [4][5]
[[Image:Bugsy'sPlaque. JPG|thumb|250px|right|Bugsy's memorial plaque in the Bialystoker Synagogue - On the plaques above see the name Max Siegel, Siegel's father, whose Hebrew name is "Mordechai Dov ben Reb (son of) Beirush HaLevi" (from the Hebraic tribe of the Levites) and the one for Siegel, whose Hebrew name is "Bairush HaLevi ben Reb Mordechai Dov HaLevi;" from this we see that Bugsy was named for his grandfather, Dov, meaning Bear (Bairush is the Yiddish for Dov), which was Americanized to Benjamin. The Bialystoker Synagogue at 7-11 Willett Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, New York State is an Orthodox In the Jewish tradition a Levite ( is a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi. All fathers are called Reb as an honorifc on memorial plaques; Reb means "teacher" as in Rabbi.
On the night of June 20, 1947, as Siegel sat with his associate Allen Smiley in Virginia Hill's Beverly Hills home reading the Los Angeles Times, an unknown gunman entered the backyard and fired at him through the window with a . Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Virginia Hill ( August 26, 1916 - March 24, 1966) was a Chicago Outfit Courier 30-caliber military M1 carbine, hitting him many times including twice in the head. No one was ever charged with the murder, and the crime remains unsolved.
Though popular descriptions held that Siegel was shot in the eye, an autopsy revealed that the bullet actually entered the back of his skull, and exited through an eye socket; investigators found the eye across the room. The cause of death was cerebral hemorrhage. A cerebral hemorrhage (or intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH) is a subtype of Intracranial hemorrhage that occurs within the Brain tissue itself According to Florabel Muir, "Four of the nine shots fired that night destroyed a white marble statue of Bacchus on a grand piano, and then lodged in the far wall".
In the Bialystoker Synagogue on Manhattan's Lower East Side, Siegel is memorialized by a Yahrtzeit (remembrance) plaque that marks his death date so mourners can say Kaddish for the anniversary of his passing. The Bialystoker Synagogue at 7-11 Willett Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, New York State is an Orthodox The Lower East Side is a Neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Bereavement in Judaism ( is a combination of Minhag (traditional custom and Mitzvot (good deeds or religious obligation derived from Judaism 's classical Kaddish (קדיש Aramaic: "holy" refers to an important and central prayer in the Jewish prayer service. Siegel's plaque is just below that of his father, Max Siegel, who died two months prior to his son's murder.