Buenos Aires
9 de Julio Avenue and the Obelisk of Buenos Aires. The name of the City of Buenos Aires (ˈbwenɔs ˈajɾɛs the capital of Argentina, means "Good Air" or "Fair Winds" in Spanish Avenida 9 de Julio is an avenue in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its name honors Argentina's Independence Day The Obelisk of Buenos Aires (Obelisco de Buenos Aires is a modern Monument placed at the heart of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Flag Coat of arms
Coordinates: 34°36′36.00″S 58°22′11.99″W / -34.61, -58.3699972
Established	1536, 1580
Government
- Chief of Government	Mauricio Macri
- Senators	María Eugenia Estenssoro, Samuel Cabanchik, Daniel Filmus
Area
- City	203 km² (78. The Coat of arms of Buenos Aires is the official shield used by the different areas and dependencies of the Government of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A list of Mayors and Chiefs of Government of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina 's capital since its federalization. Mauricio Macri (born 8 February 1959) is an Argentine politician. María Eugenia Estenssoro is a Bolivian born Argentine politician journalist and activist for women's rights Samuel Manuel Cabanchik is an Argentine philosopher academic and politician Daniel Fernando Filmus (born June 3 1955 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine politician and academic currently Senator for Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 5 sq mi)
- Land	203 km² (78. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 5 sq mi)
- Metro	4,758 km² (1,837. 1 sq mi)
Population (2007 est. )
- City	3,034,161
- Density	14,946. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/km² (38,711. 5/sq mi)
- Metro	13,044,800
HDI (2005)	0. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 923 – high
Website: http://www.buenosaires.gov.ar/ (Spanish)

Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Buenos Aires city is located within the Province of Buenos Aires on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent, but is not the capital of the province, nor even part of it. Buenos Aires Province (ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires is the most populated province of Argentina. The Río de la Plata ( Spanish: " Silver River" &mdash which is often referred to in English-speaking countries as the River Plate South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Greater Buenos Aires is the third largest conurbation in Latin America, with a population of about 13 million. Greater Buenos Aires ( Gran Buenos Aires, GBA in Spanish) is the generic denomination to refer to the Megalopolis comprised by the Autonomous city

After the internal conflicts of the 19th century, Buenos Aires was federalised and removed from Buenos Aires Province in 1880. Federalization is a term which in Argentine law defines the process of assigning federal status to a territory with the purpose of making that territory the national capital Buenos Aires Province (ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires is the most populated province of Argentina. The city limits were enlarged to include the former towns of Belgrano and Flores, which are both now neighbourhoods of the city. Belgrano is a leafy northern barrio or neighborhood of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Flores is a middle class barrio or district in the centre part of Buenos Aires city Argentina. The city of Buenos Aires is divided in 48 barrios or neighbourhoods.

Buenos Aires (English: Fair Winds or Good Air (see Names of Buenos Aires), pronounced [ˈbwe.nɔs ˈaj.ɾɛs]) was originally named after the sanctuary of "Nostra Signora di Bonaria" (Italian for "Our Lady of Fair Winds", also known as "Virgine de Bonaria") in Cagliari, Sardinia. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The name of the City of Buenos Aires (ˈbwenɔs ˈajɾɛs the capital of Argentina, means "Good Air" or "Fair Winds" in Spanish Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) In the 1994 constitution the city became autonomous, hence its formal name: Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. The 1994 reform to the Argentine Constitution was approved on 22 August, as a result of the Olivos Pact between by that time president of An autonomous area is an area of a Country that has a degree of Autonomy, or freedom from an external authority

People from Buenos Aires are called porteños (people of the port). Porteño is used to refer to a person who lives in a port city but it can also be used as an adjective for anything related to these port cities

History

Juan de Garay, founder of Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires foundation in 1580

1888 German map of Buenos Aires.

First Settlement

Seaman Juan Díaz de Solís, navigating in the name of Spain, was the first European to reach the Río de la Plata in 1516. Juan Díaz de Solís, (1470 – January 20 1516) was a Spanish Navigator and Explorer. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Río de la Plata ( Spanish: " Silver River" &mdash which is often referred to in English-speaking countries as the River Plate His expedition was cut short when he was killed during an attack by the native Charrúa tribe in what is now Uruguay. The Charrúa were an indigenous people of southern South America in the area today known as Uruguay, northeastern Argentina and southern Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America

The city of Buenos Aires was first established as Ciudad de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre^[1] (literally "City of Our Lady Saint Mary of the Fair Winds") on February 2, 1536 by a Spanish expedition led by Pedro de Mendoza. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Pedro de Mendoza y Luján (c 1487 &ndash June 23 1537) was a Spanish Conquistador, and the first Adelantado of the The city founded by Mendoza was located in what is today the San Telmo district of Buenos Aires, south of the city center. (If you are looking for the football club see Club Atlético San Telmo) San Telmo ("St

More attacks by the indigenous peoples forced the settlers away, and in 1541 the site was abandoned. A second (and permanent) settlement was established in 1580 by Juan de Garay, who arrived by sailing down the Paraná River from Asunción (now the capital of Paraguay). Juan de Garay (1528 &ndash 1583 was a Spanish Basque Conquistador. This article is about the second-longest river in South America For the shorter river in Goiás, central Brazil see Paranã River The Paraná River Asunción (full name Nuestra Señora Santa María de la Asunción) population 1212112 (2002 is the Capital and largest city of Paraguay. Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only

Colonial History

From its earliest days, the success of Buenos Aires depended on trade. During most of the 17th and 18th centuries, Spain insisted that all trade to Europe pass through Lima, Peru so that taxes could be collected. Lima is the Capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers on a coast overlooking This scheme frustrated the traders of Buenos Aires, and a thriving contraband industry developed. Unsurprisingly, this also instilled a deep resentment in porteños towards Spanish authorities. Porteño is used to refer to a person who lives in a port city but it can also be used as an adjective for anything related to these port cities ^[1]

Sensing these feelings, Charles III of Spain progressively eased the trade restrictions and finally declared Buenos Aires an open port in the late 1700s. Charles III ( January 20, 1716 – December 14, 1788) was King of Spain 1700–88 (as Carlos III King of Naples and The capture of Porto Bello by British forces also fueled the need to foster commerce via the Atlantic route, to the detriment of Lima-based trade. Porto Bello was the hunting lodge of the last Royal Governor of the British Colony of Virginia, John Murray 4th Earl of Dunmore. Charles's placating actions did not have the desired effect; and the porteños, some of them versed in the ideology of the French revolution, became even more desirous of independence from Spain. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an

During the British invasions of the Río de la Plata, British forces attacked Buenos Aires twice, in 1806 and 1807, but were repelled both times by local militias. The British invasions of the Río de la Plata (Invasiones Inglesas del Río de la Plata were a series of unsuccessful British attempts to seize control of the Spanish Ultimately, on May 25, 1810, while Spain was occupied with the Peninsular War, and after a week of mostly pacific demonstrations, the criollo citizens of Buenos Aires successfully ousted the Spanish Viceroy and established a provisional government. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Peninsular War or Spanish War of Independence pitted an alliance of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal against France Criollo is a term that dates back to the Spanish colonial Casta system ( Caste system) of Latin America A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch. May 25 is now celebrated as a national holiday (May Revolution Day). The May Revolution (in Spanish: Revolución de Mayo) was a series of political and social events in the Nineteenth century city of Formal independence from Spain was later declared in 1816.

Historically, Buenos Aires has been Argentina's main venue for liberal and free-trade ideas, while many of the provinces, especially to the Northwest, advocated a more conservative Catholic approach to political and social issues. Much of the internal tension in Argentina's history, starting with the centralist-federalist conflicts of the 19th century, can be traced back to these contrasting views. In the months immediately following the May 25 Revolution, Buenos Aires sent a number of military envoys to the provinces with the intention of obtaining their approval. Many of these missions ended in violent clashes, and the enterprise fueled the tensions between the capital and the provinces.

In the 19th century the city was blockaded twice by naval forces: by the French from 1838 to 1840, and later by a joint Anglo-French expedition from 1845 to 1848. A blockade is any effort to prevent supplies Troops information or aid from reaching an opposing force This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Both blockades failed to force the city into submission, and the foreign powers eventually desisted from their demands.

Modern History

Buenos Aires city centre in 1920

The construction of skyscrapers began in the 19th century.

During most of the 19th century, the political status of the city remained a sensitive subject. It was already capital of Buenos Aires Province, and between 1853 and 1860 it was the capital of the seceded State of Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires Province (ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires is the most populated province of Argentina. The government of Argentina, functioning within the framework of a Federal system, is a presidential representative democratic Republic. The issue was debated more than once on the battlefield, until the matter was finally settled in 1880 when the city was federalised and became the seat of government, with its Mayor appointed by the President. Federalization is a term which in Argentine law defines the process of assigning federal status to a territory with the purpose of making that territory the national capital The Casa Rosada became the seat of the office of the President. La Casa Rosada ( Spanish for "the Pink House" officially known as the Casa de Gobierno ("Government House" or Palacio Presidencial The President of Argentina (full title President of the Argentine Nation, Spanish: Presidente de la Nación Argentina) is the Head of state

In addition to the wealth generated by the fertile pampas, railroad construction in the second half of the 19th century increased the economic power of Buenos Aires as raw materials flowed into its factories; Buenos Aires became a multicultural city that ranked itself with the major European capitals. The Colón Theater became one of the world's top opera venues. The Teatro Colón ( Spanish) ( Colón Theatre) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is one of the world's major Opera houses The city's main avenues were built during those years, and the dawn of the 20th century saw the construction of South America's then-tallest buildings and first underground system. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is

By the 1920s Buenos Aires was a favoured destination for immigrants from Europe, as well as from Argentina's provinces and neighbouring countries. Shanty towns (villas miseria) started growing around the city's industrial areas, leading to extensive social problems which contrasted sharply with Argentina's image as a country of riches. Shanty towns (also called Squatter camps or Favelas are settlements (sometimes illegal or unauthorized of impoverished people who live in improvised Vista Riachuelo desde Puente Boschjpg|thumb|240px| Villa miseria along the Riachuelo, on Buenos Aires' industrial southern edge Buenos Aires was the cradle of Peronism: the now-mythical demonstration of October 17, 1945 took place in Plaza de Mayo. Peronism (Peronismo or Justicialism (Spanish Justicialismo) is an Argentine political movement based on the ideas and programs associated with Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Plaza_de_la_Victoriapng|thumb|225px|1867 view of the Plaza de la Victoria ^[2] Industrial workers of the Greater Buenos Aires industrial belt have been Peronism's main support base ever since, and Plaza de Mayo became the site for demonstrations and many of the country's political events.

On June 16, 1955, a splinter faction of the Navy bombed the Plaza de Mayo area, killing 364 civilians (see Bombing of Plaza de Mayo). Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) The bombing of Plaza de Mayo is an event in Argentine history This was the only time the city was attacked from the air; this event was followed by a military uprising which deposed President Perón three months later (see Revolución Libertadora). The Revolución Libertadora ( Spanish, Liberating Revolution) was a military uprising that ended the second presidential term of

In the 1970s, the city suffered from the fighting between left-wing revolutionary movements (Montoneros, E.R.P. and F.A.R.) and the right-wing paramilitary group Triple A, supported by Isabel Perón, who became president of Argentina in 1974 after Juan Perón's death. The Montonero Peronist Movement (Movimiento Peronista Montonero was an Argentine left-wing Peronist guerrilla group active during the 1960s and 1970s The Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP was the military branch of the Communist PRT ( Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores, or Workers' Revolutionary The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR is the principal set of rules in the Federal Acquisition Regulations System In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities The Argentine Anticommunist Alliance ( Alianza Anticomunista Argentina, usually known as Triple A or AAA was a Far-right Death squad active in María Estela Martínez Cartas de Perón (born February 4, 1931) better known as Isabel Martínez de Perón or Isabel Perón, is a former

The military coup of 1976, led by Jorge Rafael Videla, only escalated this conflict; the "Dirty War" resulted in 30,000 desaparecidos (people kidnapped and killed by the military during the years of the junta). Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo (born August 21, 1925 in Mercedes Buenos Aires) was the dictator and President of Argentina from 1976 to 1981 This article refers to the Argentine Dirty War for the British film of the same name see Dirty War (film. A forced disappearance occurs when an organization forces a person to vanish from Public view either by Murder or by simple Sequestration. ^[3] The silent marches of their mothers (Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo) are a well-known image of Argentines suffering during those times. The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (Asociación Madres de Plaza de Mayo is an association of Argentine Mothers whose children " disappeared quot during

The city was visited by Pope John Paul II twice: in 1982, due to the outbreak of the Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur), and a second visit in 1987, which gathered crowds never before seen in the city. Pope The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the

On March 17, 1992 a bomb exploded in the Israeli Embassy, killing 29 and injuring 242. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires was a Bomb attack against Israel 's Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina on March Another explosion on July 18, 1994 destroyed a building housing several Jewish organizations, killing 85 and injuring many more. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The AMIA Bombing was an attack on the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (AMIA Argentine Israelite Jewish Mutual Association building in Buenos Aires on PLEASE TAKE NOTE************

On December 30, 2004, a fire at the República Cromagnon nightclub killed almost 200 people, one of the greatest non-natural tragedies in Argentine history. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " República Cromagnon ( Spanish for " Cro-Magnon Republic " was a Nightclub in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Government and politics

Government structure

Argentina's Parliament (Congreso Nacional) in Buenos Aires city

The Executive of the city is held by the Chief of Government ("Jefe de Gobierno"), who is directly elected for a four-year term, together with a Deputy Chief, who presides over the 60-member Legislature. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status A policy is a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s

Each member of the Legislature is elected for a four year term; half of the Legislature is renewed every two years. Elections use the D'Hondt method. The D'Hondt method (mathematically but not operationally equivalent to Jefferson's method, and Bader-Ofer method) is a Highest averages method for The Judicial branch is composed of the Supreme Court of Justice (Tribunal Superior de Justicia), the Magistrate's Council (Consejo de la Magistratura), the Public Ministry, and other City Courts.

In legal terms, the city enjoys less autonomy than the provinces. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. The national Judiciary determine the autonomy of the city's Judiciary with regards to common law, while the national Executive branch controls the city’s police. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force

Beginning in 2007, the city has embarked on a new decentralization scheme, creating new communes (comunas) managed by a seven-person elected committee.

Article 61 of the 1996 Constitution of the City of Buenos Aires states that "Suffrage is free, equal, secret, universal, compulsory and non-accumulative. Resident aliens enjoy this same right, with its corresponding obligations, on equal terms with Argentine citizens registered in the district, under the terms established by law. " ^[4]

Recent political history

Casa Rosada in Buenos Aires

In 1996, following the 1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution, the city held its first mayoral elections under the new statutes, with the mayor's title formally changed to "Chief of Government". The 1994 reform to the Argentine Constitution was approved on 22 August, as a result of the Olivos Pact between by that time president of The winner was Fernando de la Rúa, who would later become President of Argentina for the period 1999 to 2001. Fernando de la Rúa (born September 15 1937) is an Argentine politician

De la Rúa's successor, Aníbal Ibarra, won two popular elections, but was impeached (and ultimately deposed on March 6, 2006) as a result of the fire at the República Cromagnon nightclub. Impeachment is the first of two stages in a specific process for a legislative body to forcibly remove a Government official Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. República Cromagnon ( Spanish for " Cro-Magnon Republic " was a Nightclub in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Jorge Telerman, who had been the acting mayor, was invested with the office. Jorge Telerman (born November 29 1956 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine centre-left Politician, and former Mayor of Buenos Aires In the 2007 elections, Mauricio Macri won the second-round of voting over Daniel Filmus, and the office on December 9, 2007. Mauricio Macri (born 8 February 1959) is an Argentine politician. The two-round system (also known as the second ballot or runoff voting) is a Voting system used to elect a single winner Daniel Fernando Filmus (born June 3 1955 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine politician and academic currently Senator for Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

National representation

Buenos Aires is represented in the Argentine Senate by three senators (as of December 2007: María Eugenia Estenssoro, Samuel Cabanchik and Daniel Filmus). The Argentine Senate is the upper house of parliament in Argentina. María Eugenia Estenssoro is a Bolivian born Argentine politician journalist and activist for women's rights Samuel Manuel Cabanchik is an Argentine philosopher academic and politician Daniel Fernando Filmus (born June 3 1955 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine politician and academic currently Senator for ^[5] The people of Buenos Aires also elect 25 national deputies to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies. The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the National Congress, Argentina 's parliament

Demographics

See also: Demographics of Argentina

Buenos Aires inhabitants by neighbourhood

The city's population density is about 15,000/km² (38,800/sq mi). This article is about the Demographics features of the Population of Argentina, including distribution ethnicity, economic status and other

Population growth since 1740

Census data

As of the census of 2001, there are 12. 4 million people residing in the city and residential zones, making Buenos Aires the largest city in Argentina. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The population density is 13,000 inhabitants per square kilometer (33,700/sq mi). The racial makeup of the city is White 88. White is a Color, the perception which is evoked by Light that stimulates all three types of color sensitive Cone cells in the Human eye 9%, Black 2% or of African descent, Mestizo 7%, and Asian 2. The Afro Argentine population in Argentina, a result of the Slave trade during the centuries of Spanish domination under the Viceroyalty of the Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin 1% . ^[6]

According to the census, the city proper has a population of 2,776,138, while the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area has more than 12. Greater Buenos Aires ( Gran Buenos Aires, GBA in Spanish) is the generic denomination to refer to the Megalopolis comprised by the Autonomous city 4 million inhabitants (2001 census [INDEC]). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population National Statistics and Censuses Institute ( Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, INDEC is the Argentine government agency responsible The population of the city has been stagnant since the 1950s, due to low birth rates and a slow migration to the suburbs.

Origin

See also: Immigration in Argentina

The majority of porteños have European origins, with Italian and Spanish descent being the most common, from and the Calabrian, Ligurian, Piedmont, Lombardy and Neapolitan regions of Italy and from the Galician, Asturian, and Basque regions of Spain^[7]

Other European origins include German, Irish, Portuguese, French, Croatian, English and Welsh. The original inhabitants of Argentina were descendants of Asian peoples that crossed the Bering Land Bridge into North America and then over thousands Porteño is used to refer to a person who lives in a port city but it can also be used as an adjective for anything related to these port cities Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Calabria ( Latin: Brutium) is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. The Principality of Asturias ( Spanish: Principado de Asturias, Asturian: Principáu d'Asturies or Asturies) is an The Basque Country ( Basque Euskadi, Spanish País Vasco) is an autonomous community in northern Spain. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In the 1990s, there was a small wave of immigration from Romania and Ukraine^[8] There is a minority of old criollo stock, dating back to the Spanish colonial days. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Criollo is a term that dates back to the Spanish colonial Casta system ( Caste system) of Latin America The Criollo and Spanish-aboriginal (mestizo) population in the city has increased mostly as a result of migration, from countries such as Bolivia, Peru and Paraguay, since the second half of the 20th century. Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only

Important Arab (mostly Syrian-Lebanese) and Armenian communities have had a significant presence in commerce and civic life since the beginning of the 20th century. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large

The Jewish community in Greater Buenos Aires numbers around 250,000, and is the largest in Latin America. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Greater Buenos Aires ( Gran Buenos Aires, GBA in Spanish) is the generic denomination to refer to the Megalopolis comprised by the Autonomous city Most are of Northern and Eastern European Ashkenazi origin, primarily Russian and Polish Jews, with a significant Sephardic minority, mostly made up of Syrian Jews^[9]

The first major East Asian community in Buenos Aires was the Japanese, mainly from Okinawa. Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Syrian Jews ( Arabic, يهود سوريون) derive their origin from two groups those who inhabited the region of today's Syria from the ancient times For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. is one of Japan 's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1000 km long which extends southwest from Kyūshū Traditionally, Japanese-Argentines were noted as flower growers; in the city proper, there was a Japanese near-monopoly in dry cleaning. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also Dry cleaning is any cleaning process for Clothing and Textiles using an organic Solvent rather than Water. Later generations have branched out into all fields of economic activity. Starting in the 1970s there has been an important influx of immigration from China and Korea, the latter known mostly for small, family-owned supermarkets. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia.

Metropolitan Cathedral of Buenos Aires

Barrios

Main article: Barrios of Buenos Aires

The city is divided into 48 barrios (neighbourhoods) for administrative purposes. The city of Buenos Aires is divided in 48 barrios or neighbourhoods. Barrio is a Spanish word meaning District or Neighborhood. The Word has come into use in English mostly through the large ^[10] The division was originally based on Catholic parroquias (parishes), but has undergone a series of changes since the 1940s. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches A newer scheme has divided the city into 15 comunas (communes). ^[11]

Religion

Most inhabitants are Roman Catholic. Buenos Aires is the seat of a Roman Catholic metropolitan archbishop (who is the primate of Argentina), as well as several Eastern Orthodox and Anglican hierarchs. In Hierarchical Christian churches the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the Diocesan bishop or Primate (from the Latin Primus, "first" is a title or rank bestowed on some Bishops in certain Christian churches The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs

Sizable Jewish and Muslim communities have existed in the city for over a century. The history of the Jews of Argentina harks back to the days of the Spanish Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition when Jews fleeing persecution settled in what Islam in Argentina is represented by one of Latin America's largest Muslim minorities

Geography

Satellite image of Río de la Plata

The limits of the City of Buenos Aires are determined in the eastern part and north-east by the Rio de la Plata, in the southern part and southeast by the Riachuelo and to the northwest, west and Southwest by Avenida General Paz, highway of 24 km from extension that separates the province of Buenos Aires from the city. The Río de la Plata ( Spanish: " Silver River" &mdash which is often referred to in English-speaking countries as the River Plate Avenida General Paz (official name Ruta Nacional A001 - National Route A001 is a beltway freeway surrounding the city of Buenos Aires. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve Buenos Aires Province (ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires is the most populated province of Argentina.

Buenos Aires city lies in the pampa region, except some zones like the Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve, the Sports City of Athletic Club Boca Juniors, Aeroparque Jorge Newbery, or the neighborhood of Puerto Madero, because they are emerged artificially by means of the landfill of the coasts of Rio de la Plata. Laguna de Gomezjpg|thumb|left|240px|Lake Gomez near Junín in the heart of the Pampas grain belt Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve, Reserva Ecológica de Buenos Aires, also known as Costanera Sur Ecological Reserve Reserva Ecológica Costenera Sur, is a tract Club Atlético Boca Juniors known also as Boca Juniors or simply Boca, is one of the most popular Argentine Sports clubs, best known for Jorge Newbery Airpark (Aeroparque "Jorge Newbery" is located northeast of the center of Buenos Aires, the Capital city of Argentina. Puerto Madero, also known within the Urban planning community as the Puerto Madero Waterfront, is a district of the Argentine capital The Río de la Plata ( Spanish: " Silver River" &mdash which is often referred to in English-speaking countries as the River Plate

The region was formerly crossed by different creeks and lagoons, some of which were refilled and other tubed. A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt or Brackish water separated from the deeper Sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral Among the most important creeks are: Maldonado, Vega, Medrano, Cildañez and White. In 1908 many creeks were channeled and rectified, as floods were damaging the city's infrastructure. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Starting in 1919, most creeks were enclosed. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Notably, the Maldonado was tubed in 1954, and currently runs below Juan B. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Justo avenue.

Climate

Further information: Climate of Argentina

The city has a humid subtropical climate ("Cfa" by Köppen classification) the average year temperature is 17. The Climate of Argentina is classified as temperate. The country is subject to a variety of climates Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist 6 °C and the annual rainfall is of 1147 mm with average temperatures in Summer ranging from 30 °C (86 °F) in January, to -6 °C (21. Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to 2 °F) in Winter^[12]. Rain can be expected at any time of year and hailstorms are not unusual.

The lowest temperature ever recorded in central Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires Central Observatory) was -5. 4 °C (22. 3 °F) on July 9, 1918^[13]. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The highest temperature ever recorded was 43. 3 °C (109. 9 °F) on January 29, 1957^[14]. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar)

The last snowfall (see July 2007 Argentine winterstorm) occurred recently on July 9, 2007 when the entry of a massive polar cold snap made as a result the worst winter of Argentina in almost thirty years, where severe snowfalls and blizzards affected the country. An interaction with an area of low pressure systems across central Argentina during the July 6, July 7 and 8 of 2007, and the entry of a massive An interaction with an area of low pressure systems across central Argentina during the July 6, July 7 and 8 of 2007, and the entry of a massive Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Winter is one of the four Seasons of Temperate zones Calculated astronomically, it begins on the Solstice and ends on the Equinox "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. A blizzard is a severe Winter storm condition characterized by low Temperatures strong Winds and heavy blowing Snow Blizzards are formed when It was the first major snowfall in the city in 89 years^[15] (since June 22, 1918^[16]). Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Many locals leave Buenos Aires during the hot summer months (December, January and February) and head for seaside resorts on the Atlantic coast.

Panorama of Buenos Aires Waterfront seen from the River Plate.

Economy

Buenos Aires Stock Exchange

Buenos Aires is the financial, industrial, commercial, and cultural hub of Argentina. The Buenos Aires Stock Exchange ( BCBA; Spanish: Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires) is the organisation responsible for the operation of Argentina Its port is one of the busiest in South America; navigable rivers by way of the Rio de la Plata connect the port to north-east Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only As a result it serves as the distribution hub for a vast area of the south-eastern region of the South American continent. Tax collection related to the port has caused many political problems in the past. This article is about the History of Argentina. See also History of South America, History of Latin America, History of the Americas, and

The Buenos Aires Human Development Index was about 0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 923 in 1998^[18].

To the west of Buenos Aires is the Pampa Húmeda, the most productive agricultural region of Argentina (as opposed to the dry southern Pampa, mostly used for cattle farming). The Humid Pampa ( Pampa Húmeda) is an extensive region of flat fertile Grassland of Loessic origin in Argentina. Laguna de Gomezjpg|thumb|left|240px|Lake Gomez near Junín in the heart of the Pampas grain belt Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Meat, dairy, grain, tobacco, wool and hide products are processed or manufactured in the Buenos Aires area. Other leading industries are automobile manufacturing, oil refining, metalworking, machine building, and the production of textiles, chemicals, clothing, and beverages.

Culture

Teatro Colón (Colón Theatre)

Strongly influenced by European culture, Buenos Aires is sometimes referred to as the "Paris of South America". The culture of Europe might better be described as a series of overlapping cultures South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a ^[19][1]

Buenos Aires is the site of the Teatro Colón, one of the world's greatest opera houses. The Teatro Colón ( Spanish) ( Colón Theatre) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is one of the world's major Opera houses Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto ^[20] It is closed for renovations until at least 2010. There are several symphony orchestras and choral societies. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well The city has numerous museums related to history, fine arts, modern arts, decorative arts, popular arts, sacred art, arts and crafts, theatre and popular music, as well as the preserved homes of noted art collectors, writers, composers and artists. It has many public libraries and cultural associations as well as the largest concentration of active theatres in Latin America. It has a world-famous zoo and Botanical Garden, a large number of landscaped parks and squares, as well as churches and places of worship of many denominations, many of which are architecturally noteworthy. The Buenos Aires Zoo covers 18 hectares in the Palermo district in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Buenos Aires Botanical Garden (whose official name in Spanish is Jardín Botánico Carlos Thays de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires) is located in the ^[20]

Language

Buenos Aires CBD from the river plate.

Known as Rioplatense Spanish, Buenos Aires' Spanish (and also in other cities like Rosario and Montevideo, Uruguay) is characterised by voseo, yeísmo and aspiration of s in various contexts. Rioplatense Spanish ( Spanish: Español rioplatense, although locally known as castellano rioplatense Montevideo (monteβi'ðeo is the largest city the capital and chief port of Uruguay. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America In Spanish, voseo is the use of the second person singular Pronoun vos instead of tú. See also Spanish dialects and varieties Yeísmo (pronounced /ʝeˈizmo/ is a distinctive feature of many dialects of the Spanish language, It is heavily influenced by the dialects of Spanish spoken in Andalusia and Murcia. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area Murcia ( is the capital city of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, located at the river Segura in south-eastern Spain. A phonetic study conducted by the Laboratory for Sensory Investigations of CONICET and the University of Toronto showed that the porteño accent is closer to the Neapolitan dialect of Italian than any other spoken language. This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus Porteño is used to refer to a person who lives in a port city but it can also be used as an adjective for anything related to these port cities Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.

In the early 20th century, Argentina absorbed millions of immigrants, many of them Italians, who spoke mostly in their local dialects (mainly Neapolitan, Sicilian and Genoan). Sicilian (scn '''''lu sicilianu''''' lingua siciliana, also known as Siculu or Calabro-Sicilian) is a Romance language. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Their adoption of Spanish was gradual, creating a pidgin of Italian dialects and Spanish that was called cocoliche. A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common in situations such as Trade Cocoliche is an Italian - Spanish Pidgin that was spoken by Italian immigrants in Argentina (especially in Greater Buenos Aires Its usage declined around the 1950s.

Many Spanish immigrants were from Galicia, to the extent that Spaniards are still generically referred to in Argentina as gallegos (Galicians). Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. The Galicians ( Galician: Galegos) are an Ethnic group or Nationality whose homeland is Galicia, which is a historical region Galician language, cuisine and culture had a major presence in the city for most of the 20th century. In recent years, descendants of Galician immigrants have led a mini-boom in Celtic music (which also highlighted the Welsh traditions of Patagonia). Celtic music is a term utilised by artists record companies music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of Musical genres that evolved out of the Folk The Welsh settlement in Argentina began in 1865 and occurred mainly along the coast of Chubut province in the far southern region of Patagonia

Yiddish was commonly heard in Buenos Aires, especially in the Balvanera garment district and in Villa Crespo until the 1960s. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Balvanera is a neighborhood (" barrio " of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Villa Crespo is a middle-class neighbourhood in Buenos Aires, Argentina, located in the geographical centre of the city Korean and Chinese have become significant since the 1970s. This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system Most of the newer immigrants learn Spanish quickly and assimilate into city life.

The Lunfardo argot originated within the prison population, and in time spread to all porteños. Lunfardo is an Argot of the Spanish language which developed at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century in the lower classes in and around Argot ( French, Spanish and Catalan for " Slang " is a Secret language used by various groups—including but not limited Lunfardo uses words from Italian dialects, from Brazilian Portuguese, from African and Caribbean languages and even from English. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Lunfardo employs humorous tricks such as inverting the syllables within a word (vesre). Vesre (reversing the order of syllables within a word is one of the features of the Rioplatense Spanish. Today, Lunfardo is mostly heard in tango lyrics ^[21]; the slang of the younger generations has been evolving away from it.

See also: Belgranodeutsch. Belgranodeutsch or Belgrano-Deutsch is a mixture of German and Spanish spoken in Buenos Aires, specifically in the neighborhood of Belgrano

Architecture

Main article: Architecture of Argentina

Galerías Pacífico on Florida St

Buenos Aires architecture is characterized by its individuality and uniqueness, with elements resembling Barcelona, Paris and Madrid. The Architecture of Argentina can be said to start at the beginning of the Spanish colonisation, though it was in the 18th century that the cities of the country Galerías Pacífico is a Shopping mall located on Florida Street, at the junction with Córdoba Avenue in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain.

European influenced buildings on Diagonal Norte

Italian and French influences increased after the declaration of independence at the beginning of the 19th century, though the academic style persisted until the first decades of the 20th century. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán.

Attempts at renovation took place during the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, when European influences penetrated into the country, reflected by several buildings of Buenos Aires such as the Iglesia Santa Felicitam by Ernesto Bunge; the Palace of Justice, the National Congress, and the Teatro Colón, all of them by Vittorio Meano. A man is a Male Human. The term man (irregular plural The Congress of the Argentine Nation (Congreso de la Nación Argentina is the legislative branch of the government of Argentina. The Teatro Colón ( Spanish) ( Colón Theatre) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is one of the world's major Opera houses Vittorio Meano (1860-1904 was an Italian architect born in Susa Italy, near Turin, who studied architecture in Albertina Academy in Turin

The simplicity of the Rioplatense baroque style can be clearly seen in Buenos Aires through the works of Italian architects such as André Blanqui and Antonio Masella, in the churches of San Ignacio, Nuestra Señora del Pilar, the Cathedral and the Cabildo. The Río de la Plata ( Spanish: " Silver River" &mdash which is often referred to in English-speaking countries as the River Plate Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest San Ignacio Miní was one of the many missions founded in 1632 by the Jesuits in the Americas during the Spanish colonial period near present-day Our Lady of the Pillar (in Spanish Nuestra Señora del Pilar) is the name given to the Blessed Virgin Mary for her claimed appearance in Spain The Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral ( Catedral Metropolitana de Buenos Aires) is the main Catholic church in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Buenos Aires Cabildo ( Cabildo de Buenos Aires) is the public building in Buenos Aires that was used as the government house during the colonial times

Building on Diagonal Norte St

The architecture of the second half of the 20th century continued to reproduce French neoclassic models, such as the headquarters of the Banco de la Nacion Argentina built by Alejandro Bustillo, and the Museo Hispanoamericano de Buenos Aires|Museo Hispanoamericano of Martín Noel. Alejandro Bustillo (1889-1982 was an Argentine painter and architect who left his mark in various tourist destinations in Argentina especially in the Andean region However, since the 1930s the influence of Le Corbusier and European rationalism consolidated in a group of young architects from the University of Tucumán, among whom Amancio Williams stands out. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier ( October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965) was a Swiss In Epistemology and in its broadest sense rationalism is "any view appealing to Reason as a source of knowledge or justification" (Lacey 286 The National University of Tucumán ( Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, UNT is a National university in the Tucumán Province, in the northwest region The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation The construction of skyscrapers proliferated in Buenos Aires until the 1950s. A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper Newer modern high-technology buildings by Argentine architects in the last years of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st include the Le Parc Tower by Mario Álvarez, the Torre Fortabat by Sánchez Elía and the Repsol-YPF Tower by César Pelli. For the building in Madrid ( Spain) formerly known as Repsol Tower see Torre Caja Madrid. Cesar Pelli (born October 12 1926 in San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina) is an Argentine Architect known for designing some of the

Tango

Main article: Tango music

See also: History of Tango

Tango dance

Tango music was born in the suburbs of Buenos Aires, notably in the brothels of the Junín y Lavalle district and in the arrabales (poorer suburbs). Tango is a style of music that originated among European immigrant populations of Argentina and Uruguay. Tango as a distinctive Dance and the corresponding musical style of tango music began in the working-class port neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, Argentina Its sensual dance moves were not seen as respectable until adopted by the Parisian high society in the 1920s, and then all over the world. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city In Buenos Aires, tango-dancing schools (known as academias) were usually men-only establishments.

Tango consists of a variety of styles that developed in different regions and eras of Argentina and Uruguay as well as in other locations around the world. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America The dance developed in response to many cultural elements, such as the crowding of the venue and even the fashions in clothing. The styles are mostly danced in either open embrace, where lead and follow connect at arms length, or close embrace, where the lead and follow connect chest-to-chest.

Early tango was known as tango criollo, or simply tango. Today, there are many tango dance styles, including Argentine Tango, Uruguayan Tango, Ballroom tango (American and International styles), Finnish tango and vintage tangos. Argentine Tango is a Social dance and a Musical genre that originated in Argentina and moved to Uruguay and to the rest of the world later on The form of dance that originated in the neighborhoods of Montevideo, Uruguay towards the end of the 1800s as a variation of Argentine tango, a native of Buenos Finnish tango is an established variation of the Argentine tango and one of the most enduring and popular music forms in Finland.

Cinema

Main article: Cinema of Argentina

See also: Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema

The cinema first appeared in Buenos Aires in 1896. The Cinema of Argentina has a long tradition dating back to the late nineteenth century and has played an important role in the Culture of Argentina for more than The Buenos Aires Festival Internacional de Cine Independiente ( BAFICI, English Buenos Aires International Independent Film Festival) is an international festival The city has been the centre of the Argentine cinema industry in Argentina for over 100 years since French camera operator Eugene Py directed the pioneering film La Bandera Argentina in 1897. The Cinema of Argentina has a long tradition dating back to the late nineteenth century and has played an important role in the Culture of Argentina for more than For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Eugène Py ( 19 May 1859 - 26 August 1924) was a major early French Cameraman, Cinematographer and Film La Bandera Argentina was for a time considered the first film ever produced in the Cinema of Argentina. Since then, over 2000 films have been directed and produced within the city, many of them referring to the city in their titles, such as Buenos Aires Plateada, and Buenos Aires a la vista. Buenos Aires plateada ( English language: is a 2000 Argentine Black and white film drama directed and written by Luis Barone Buenos Aires a la vista ( English language: is a 1950 Argentine musical Drama film directed and written by Luis Bayón The culture of tango music has been incorporated into many films produced in the city, especially since the 1930s. Tango is a style of music that originated among European immigrant populations of Argentina and Uruguay. Many films have starred tango performers such as Hugo del Carril, Tita Merello, Carlos Gardel and Edmundo Rivero. Pierre Bruno Hugo Fontana otherwise known as Hugo del Carril ( 30 November[[ 912]] - 13 August 1989 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine Laura Ana Merello best known as Tita Merello ( 11 October 1904 - 24 December 2002 in Buenos Aires) was a prominent Carlos Gardel ( 11 December 1887 /1890 1 - 24 June 1935 Medellín, Colombia) is Leonel Edmundo Rivero ( June 8 1911 – January 18 1986) was an Argentine tango singer and Impresario.

Notable residents

Renowned Argentine conductor Daniel Barenboim rehearsing West-East Divan in Pilas, Seville, Spain

Vintage advertising poster by Lucien-Achille Mauzan. A poster is any piece of printed Paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface Achille Lucien Mauzan ( Gap, 1883 - Gap 1952 was born on the French Riviera, but moved to Italy in 1905 known as a decorative illustrator designing

Buenos Aires was home to the Argentine writers:

• Roberto Arlt
• Leopoldo Lugones
• Jorge Luis Borges
• Andrés Rivera
• Paul Groussac
• Manuel Mujica Laínez
• Adolfo Bioy Casares
• Ernesto Sabato
• Leopoldo Marechal
• Tomas Eloy Martinez
• Victoria Ocampo
• Julio Cortázar

International figures who have lived in Buenos Aires include:

• René Goscinny
• Marcel Duchamp
• Witold Gombrowicz
• Jerry Masucci
• Pablo Neruda
• Rubén Darío
• Lucas Gelardi
• Romola Nijinska
• Rosa Chacel
• Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
• Hugo Pratt
• Eugene O' Neill
• Viggo Mortensen
• Hermenegildo Sabat

Others include businesspeople John S. Reed, Aristotle Onassis and advertising greats Gino Boccasile and Lucien-Achille Mauzan, who was considered to be Argentina's “father of the advertising poster”. Roberto Arlt ( Buenos Aires, April 2, 1900 &ndash July 26, 1942) was an Argentine short-story writer novelist and playwright Leopoldo Lugones Argüello ( 13 June 1874 - 18 February 1938) was an Argentine writer and journalist Andrés Rivera, a Pseudonym of Marcos Ribak, is an Argentine writer born in Buenos Aires in 1928 Paul-François Groussac ( February 15, 1848 - June 27, 1929) was a French -born Argentine writer literary critic Manuel Mujica Láinez, Argentine fiction writer and art critic was born in Buenos Aires on 11 September, 1910 and died at Cruz Chica Córdoba Adolfo Bioy Casares (September 15 1914 – March 8 1999 was an Argentine fiction writer Ernesto Sabato (born June 24, 1911) is an Argentine writer of Italian and Arbëreshë (Italian Albanian descent Tomás Eloy Martínez (born July 16, 1934 in Tucumán) is an Argentine journalist and writer Victoria Ocampo ( Buenos Aires, April 7, 1890 - Buenos Aires January 27, 1979) was an Argentine intellectual described Julio Cortázar, born Jules Florencio Cortázar ( August 26, 1914 &ndash February 12, 1984) was an Argentine Author René Goscinny ( August 14, 1926 &ndash November 5, 1977) was a French author editor and humorist who is best known for the Marcel Duchamp (maʀsɛl dyˈʃɑ̃ (28 July 1887 &ndash 2 October 1968 was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist Witold Marian Gombrowicz ( August 4, 1904 in Małoszyce, near Kielce, Congress Poland, Russian Empire – July 24 Jerry Masucci was co-founder of Fania Records. Interview with Jerry Masucci talking about his artist's and his marketing of those artists Pablo Neruda ( July 12, 1904 – September 23, 1973) was the pen name and later legal name of the Chilean writer and politician Félix Rubén García Sarmiento also known as Rubén Darío (Metapa January 18, 1867 &ndash Leon February 6, 1916) was a Rosa Chacel (b June 3, 1898 in Valladolid; d August 7, 1994, Madrid) was a famous and sometimes controversial writer Antoine de Saint Exupéry (ɑ̃twan də sɛ̃tɛgzypeˈʀi ( June 29, 1900 — July 31, 1944) was a French Writer and Hugo Eugenio Pratt ( June 15, 1927 – August 20, 1995) was an Italian Comic book creator who combined his strong storytelling Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16 1888–November 27 1953 was a Nobel -prize winning American playwright Viggo Peter Mortensen Jr (born October 20 1958 is a Golden Globe - and Academy Award -nominated Danish American Theater and movie John Shepard Reed (born 1939) is the former Chairman of the New York Stock Exchange. Aristotelis (also Ari or Aristo) Sokratis Onassis (Αριστοτέλης Ωνάσης (January 15 1906 &ndash March 15 1975 was one Gino Boccasile ( 14 July 1901 - 10 May 1952) was an Italian illustrator Achille Lucien Mauzan ( Gap, 1883 - Gap 1952 was born on the French Riviera, but moved to Italy in 1905 known as a decorative illustrator designing A poster is any piece of printed Paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface During the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath, Buenos Aires provided refuge for many expatriate Spaniards, including philosopher José Ortega y Gasset and composer Manuel de Falla, who later moved to Córdoba. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of José Ortega y Gasset ( May 9, 1883 - October 18, 1955) was a Spanish philosopher. Manuel de Falla y Matheu ( November 23, 1876 &ndash November 14, 1946) was a Spanish Composer of classical music Córdoba, abbreviated as CBA, is a city located near the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas mountains on the Luca Prodan arrived from England in the 1980s and became an icon of Argentine rock. Luca Prodan ( 17 May 1953 &mdash 22 December 1987) was an Italian - Scottish musician England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

Musicians Daniel Barenboim, Alberto Ginastera, Gustavo Santaolalla and Martha Argerich among others, are Buenos Aires natives. Daniel Barenboim (born November 15, 1942) is a pianist and conductor. Alberto Evaristo Ginastera ( Buenos Aires, April 11 1916 &ndash June 25 1983 Geneva) was an Argentine Composer of classical music Gustavo A Santaolalla (born 19 August 1951, in El Palomar, Argentina) is an Argentine Musician, Film composer Martha Argerich (born June 5, 1941) is an Argentine concert Pianist.

Fiction author W.E.B. Griffin spends half the year at his wife's family home in Buenos Aires and the other half in his native US. W E B Griffin (born William Edmund Butterworth III on November 10, 1929) is a writer of military and detective fiction with 38 novels in six series published

Education

See also: Education in Argentina

Primary education

Primary education comprises the first two EGB cycles (grades 1–6). Education in Argentina, the so-called "Latin American docta" has a convoluted history Because of the system that was in place until 1995 (7 years of primary school plus 5 or 6 of secondary school), primary schools used to offer grades 1–7. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Although most schools have already converted to teach the 8th and 9th grades, others chose to eliminate 7th grade altogether, forcing the students to complete the 3rd cycle in another institution.

Secondary education

The ubiquitous white uniform of children at public schools is a national symbol of learning.

Secondary education in Argentina is called Polimodal ("polymodal", that is, having multiple modes), since it allows the student to choose his/her orientation. Polimodal is not yet obligatory but its completion is a requirement to enter colleges across the nation. Polimodal is usually 3 years of schooling, although some schools have a fourth year.

Conversely to what happened on primary schools, most secondary schools in Argentina contained grades 8th and 9th, plus Polimodal (old secondary) but then started converting to accept also 7th grade students, thus allowing them to keep their same classmates for the whole EGB III cycle.

In December 2006 the Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Congress approved a new National Education Law restoring the old system of primary followed by secondary education, making secondary education obligatory and a right, and increasing the length of compulsory education to 13 years. The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the National Congress, Argentina 's parliament The Congress of the Argentine Nation (Congreso de la Nación Argentina is the legislative branch of the government of Argentina. The government vowed to put the law in effect gradually, starting in 2007. ^[22]

College education

There are plenty of public, taxpayer-funded universities in Argentina, as well as a number of private universities. See University reform in Argentina and List of Argentine universities. The Argentine university reform of 1918 was a general modernisation of the universities, especially tending towards democratisation, brought about by Student This is a list of public and private universities in the "Latin American docta", grouped by region and/or province

The University of Buenos Aires, one of the top learning institutions in South America, has produced five Nobel Prize winners and provides taxpayer-funded education for students from all around the globe. The University of Buenos Aires (in Spanish Universidad de Buenos Aires - ( UBA) is the largest University in Argentina, founded on August The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature

Buenos Aires is a major center for psychoanalysis, particularly the Lacanian school. Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and his followers which is devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan (French ʒak lakɑ̃ ( April 13, 1901 &ndash September 9, 1981) was a French Psychoanalyst

Tourism

Bohemian-chic San Telmo.

Main article: Tourism in Buenos Aires

According to the World Travel & Tourism Council,^[23] tourism has been growing in the Argentine capital since 2002. Buenos Aires is in the midst of a tourism boom according to the World Travel & Tourism Council it reveals strong growth for Argentina Travel and Tourism in 2007 and in coming years In a survey by the travel and tourism publication Travel + Leisure Magazine in 2007, travelers voted Buenos Aires the second most desirable city to visit after Florence, Italy. Travel + Leisure is a travel Magazine based in New York City Published 12 times a year it has 4 ^[24]

The city offers a variety of cultural activities. Visitors may choose to visit a tango show, an estancia in the Province of Buenos Aires, or enjoy the traditional asado. An Estancia is the Spanish word for Ranch. These ranches are usually larger than ranches in North America Buenos Aires Province (ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires is the most populated province of Argentina. Asado is a technique for Cooking cuts of Meat, usually consisting of Beef alongside various other meats which are cooked on a Grill ( parrilla New tourist circuits have recently evolved, devoted to famous Argentines such as Carlos Gardel, Eva Perón or Jorge Luis Borges. Carlos Gardel ( 11 December 1887 /1890 1 - 24 June 1935 Medellín, Colombia) is María Eva Duarte de Perón' ( May 7 1919 &ndash July 26 1952) was the second wife of President Juan Domingo Perón Due to the favourable exchange rate, its shopping centres such as Alto Palermo, Paseo Alcorta, Patio Bullrich, Abasto de Buenos Aires and Galerías Pacífico are frequently visited by tourists. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors Galerías Pacífico is a Shopping mall located on Florida Street, at the junction with Córdoba Avenue in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

San Telmo is a frequently visited area south of city, with its cobblestoned streets and buildings from the colonial era that attest to its long history. (If you are looking for the football club see Club Atlético San Telmo) San Telmo ("St Cobblestones are stones that were frequently used in the pavement of early Streets "Cobblestone" is derived from the very old English word "cob" There are churches, museums, antique shops and "Antique Fairs" ('Ferias de Antigüedades') in historic Dorrego Square, where the streets on weekends are filled with performers such as tango dancers. Plaza Dorrego (Dorrego Square is a square located in the heart of San Telmo, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tango is a Musical genre and its associated dance forms that originated in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Montevideo, Uruguay and The city also plays host to musical festivals, the largest of which is Quilmes Rock. Quilmes Rock is a major Argentine Music festival, held annually from 2002 to 2004 and from 2007 on

Landmarks

The Obelisk.

Coffee shops on Avenida de Mayo.

• The Obelisk (Is one of the main icons of the city, and a venue for various cultural activities and other events)
• Casa Rosada (Is the official seat of the executive branch of the government of Argentina)
• Avenida Corrientes (Is one of the principal thoroughfares of the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires. The Obelisk of Buenos Aires (Obelisco de Buenos Aires is a modern Monument placed at the heart of Buenos Aires, Argentina. La Casa Rosada ( Spanish for "the Pink House" officially known as the Casa de Gobierno ("Government House" or Palacio Presidencial Corrientes Avenue ( Avenida Corrientes in Spanish) is one of the principal thoroughfares of the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires The street is intimately tied to the Tango and Porteño culture. )
• Cabildo (Is the public building in Buenos Aires that was used as the government house during the colonial times)
• Florida Street (Is an elegant street at Buenos Aires city centre,)
• Nueve de Julio Avenue (Its name honors Argentina's Independence Day. The Buenos Aires Cabildo ( Cabildo de Buenos Aires) is the public building in Buenos Aires that was used as the government house during the colonial times Florida Street (in Spanish Calle Florida is an elegant street at Buenos Aires city centre Argentina, some stretches of which have been pedestrianised since Avenida 9 de Julio is an avenue in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its name honors Argentina's Independence Day It was the widest avenue in the world)
• Metropolitan Cathedral (It is the mother church of the Archdiocese of Buenos Aires)
• Teatro Colón (Opened in 1908 it is one of the world's major opera houses)
• Plaza de Mayo (Is the main square in Buenos Aires, site of many protests and historical events)
• San Telmo (Is one of the oldest neighborhoods of Buenos Aires and also one of the best preserved areas and is characterized with a number of european style buildings)
• Avenida de Mayo (The avenue is often compared with those of Madrid, Barcelona and Paris due of its sophisticated buildings of art Nouveau, neoclassic and eclectic styles)
• National Library (is the largest library in Argentina and one of the most important in the Americas)
• La Boca (It retains a strong European flavour, with many of its early european settlers being from Italy and Spain)
• Caminito
• Cementerio de la Recoleta (The Cemetery includes graves of some of the most influential and important persons of Argentina, including several presidents, scientists, and wealthy characters)
• National Congress (Argentine Parlament)

Transportation

Street network

Motorway in Buenos Aires

Taxi in Buenos Aires

Bus Line 114

Buenos Aires is based on a rectangular grid pattern, save for natural barriers or the relatively rare developments explicitly designed otherwise (notably, the neigbourhood of Parque Chas). The Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral ( Catedral Metropolitana de Buenos Aires) is the main Catholic church in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Teatro Colón ( Spanish) ( Colón Theatre) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is one of the world's major Opera houses Plaza_de_la_Victoriapng|thumb|225px|1867 view of the Plaza de la Victoria (If you are looking for the football club see Club Atlético San Telmo) San Telmo ("St Avenida de Mayo ( May Avenue) is located in Buenos Aires, capital of Argentina. La Boca is a neighborhood or barrio of the Argentine capital Buenos Aires. Caminito-1939jpg|thumb|210px|The Caminito in its days as a railway lot 1939 La Recoleta Cemetery is a famous cemetery located in the exclusive Recoleta neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Congress of the Argentine Nation (Congreso de la Nación Argentina is the legislative branch of the government of Argentina. Parque Chas is the most recent Barrio created in Buenos Aires, given that it took form on December 6, 2005, through 1907/06 law The rectangular grid provides for square blocks named "manzanas", with a length of roughly 110 meters. Classification A square (regular Quadrilateral) is a special case of a Rectangle as it has four right angles and equal parallel sides Pedestrian zones in the city centre are partially car-free and always bustling, access provided by bus and the Metro (subte) Line C. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city Car-free zones (also known as auto-free zones and pedestrian zones) are areas of a city or town in which automobile traffic is prohibited Subte Line C The Line C of the Buenos Aires Metro that runs from Retiro to Constitución terminus opened on 9 November Buenos Aires, for the most part, is a very walkable city and the majority of residents in Buenos Aires use public transport.

Two diagonal avenues in the city centre alleviate traffic and provide better access to Plaza de Mayo. Traffic on Roads may consist of Pedestrians ridden or herded Animals Vehicles Streetcars and other Conveyances either singly Plaza_de_la_Victoriapng|thumb|225px|1867 view of the Plaza de la Victoria Most avenues running into and out of the city centre are one-way and feature six or more lanes, with computer-controlled green waves that ensure fast traffic outside of peak times. A green wave is an intentionally induced phenomenon in which a series of Traffic lights (usually three or more are coordinated to allow continuous traffic flow over several

Main avenues of the city include the 140-metre (459 ft)-wide 9 de Julio Avenue, the over-35 km (22 mi)-long Rivadavia Avenue,^[25] and Corrientes Avenue, the main thoroughfare of culture and entertainment. Avenida 9 de Julio is an avenue in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its name honors Argentina's Independence Day Corrientes Avenue ( Avenida Corrientes in Spanish) is one of the principal thoroughfares of the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires Avenida General Paz is a beltway that surrounds the city and separates it from Buenos Aires Province. Avenida General Paz (official name Ruta Nacional A001 - National Route A001 is a beltway freeway surrounding the city of Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires Province (ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires is the most populated province of Argentina.

Toll motorways opened in the late 1970s by then-mayor Osvaldo Cacciatore provided fast access to the city centre. Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. A man is a Male Human. The term man (irregular plural Also during Cacciatore's tenure, the streets of the financial district (roughly one square kilometre in size) were closed to private cars during daytime.

Following the economic mini-boom of the 1990s, more people started commuting by car, and congestion increased. Argentina benefits from rich Natural resources, a highly literate population an export-oriented Agricultural sector and a diversified industrial base Commuting is the process of Travelling between one's place of residence and regular place of work Most major avenues are gridlocked at peak hours. Gridlock is a term describing an inability to move on a Transport network. Another source of congestion is the flight of many people to the country on weekends.

Buses

There are over 150 city bus lines informally called Colectivos by locals, which conform a comprehensive but a rather chaotic system. Colectivo is the name given in Argentina to public transportation vehicles especially those of Argentina's capital city, Buenos Aires. Buses in Buenos Aires do not have a fixed timetable, but run from 4 to several per hour, depending on the bus line and time of the day. With highly subsidazed tickets and intricated routes, buses are by far the most used mode of transportation around the city.

Taxi

A fleet of 40,000 black-and-yellow taxis ply the streets at all hours. License controls are not enforced rigorously. There have been numerous reports of organized crime controlling the access of taxis to the city airports and other major destinations ^[26]. Radio-link companies provide reliable and safe service; many such companies provide incentives for frequent users. Low-fare limo services known as remises, have become popular in recent years.

Metro

Main article: Buenos Aires Metro

Metro entrance on Avenida de Mayo

The Line D runs from the city centre district to the northern neighborhoods of Palermo and Belgrano

The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as subte, from "subterráneo" meaning underground or metro) is a relatively tiny but high yield system providing access to various parts of the city. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is Palermo is a neighborhood or Barrio of the Argentine capital Buenos Aires. Belgrano is a leafy northern barrio or neighborhood of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is Opened in 1913, it is the oldest underground system in the Southern Hemisphere and in the Spanish-speaking world. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The system has six lines, named by letters (A to E, and H) There are 84 stations, and 46 km (29 mi) of track. System (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek systēma is a set of interacting or interdependent Entities, real or abstract An expansion program is underway to extend existing lines into the outer neighborhoods and add a new north-south line. Track length is expected to reach 89 km (55 mi) by the year 2011.

Recently inaugurated underground station

Callao Station on Line B

Daily ridership is 1. 3 million and on the increase. Fares are cheap and are in fact cheaper than the city buses. A fare is the Fee paid by a traveler allowing him or her to make use of a Public transport system rail, Bus, taxi, etc While tokens have been used in the past, at present, riders purchase either single-use or multi-use cards (called SubtePass) with a magnetic strip or use Contactless cards called SubteCard which can be rechargeable with cash or linked to a bank account for automatic debit.

The Buenos Aires Metro has six lines which also has links to the metropolitan train network.

• Line A - Light Blue: Subte Line A is the oldest line of the Buenos Aires Metro. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is This historical line runs from Plaza de Mayo to Primera Junta, and is scheduled to be extended towards Nazca St.
• Line B - Red: Line B of the Buenos Aires Metro runs from Leandro N. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is Alem Station to Los Incas (projected to Villa Urquiza).
• Line C - Blue: The Line C of the Buenos Aires Metro runs from Retiro to Constitución terminus, opened on 9 November 1934, 4. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is 4 km.
• Line D - Green: Subte Line D of the Buenos Aires Metro runs from Catedral to Congreso de Tucumán. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is The D Line opened on 3 June 1937 and has been expanded to the north several times. The line is currently 10. 41 km long and runs approximately parallel to the Buenos Aires coastline.
• Line E - Purple: Subte Line E runs from Bolivar Station to Plaza de los Virreyes, opened on 20 June 1944, currently with 9. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is 2 km.
• Line H - Yellow: Line H runs from Once terminus to Caseros. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is It is also planned to run from Retiro to Nueva Pompeya once the remaining sections are constructed.

Current Extensions

Current Underground System map

Tram in Puerto Madero

At Line A four new stations after Primera Junta are under construction, being Nazca the new future terminal while newer metro carriages are slowly being introduced to handle the increased demand. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is On Line B Since 2004, work began to expand the line to Villa Ortúzar and Villa Urquiza^[27]. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is Villa Ortúzar is one of the neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires. Its limits are La Pampa St Villa Urquiza is a barrio or neighborhood of Buenos Aires city capital of Argentina. On Line H further extensions are planned to run from Retiro to Nueva Pompeya once constructed. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is Retiro is a ''barrio'' (district in Buenos Aires, Argentina, noted for its train and bus terminals and its high-end shopping and residences It will connect the Southern part of the city with the North, thus improving the flow to the centre of the city, and will be approximately 11 km long from end to end. The Line H will provide cross-connections with almost all the other lines.

New Metro lines

New underground lines are planned and were presented by the Government of the City of Buenos Aires on May 26 of 2007. There are currently three lines planned:

The Line F will join Constitution Station with Plaza Italia and will have an extension of 7,6 kilometres. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is History On 7 March 1864 in a ceremony attended by the president Bartolomé Mitre, construction began at Mercado Constitución on the site of the present day terminus The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is It will be transverse-radial, according to the section, with strong integration with the rest of the network.

The Line G will connect the Retiro Station with the Cid Campeador and will have an extension of 7,6 kilometres. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is History The French-style station building was designed by the British architects Eustace L Rodrigo (or Ruy) Díaz de Vivar (c 1040 Vivar, near Burgos &ndash 10 July 1099, Valencia) known as It will be radial to communicate the axes of high residential and commerce density, and will bring the underground to the northwest district of the city. Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government.

The Line I will run from Emilio Mitre Line A Station up to Plaza Italia and will have an extension of 7,3 kilometres. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is It will be the most external transverse line of the network and will communicate the neighborhoods of the north, center and south of the city and will integrate to the radial lines far from the city centre.

Premetro E2 map

Tram system

Buenos Aires had an extensive street railway (tram) system with over 857 km (535 mi) of track, which was dismantled during the 1960s in favor of bus transportation and is now in the stages of a slow comeback. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train The PreMetro or Line E2 is a 7. PreMetro The PreMetro or Line E2 is a 74 km Light rail line that connects with the Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte) Line E 4 km light rail line that connects with the Buenos Aires Metro Line E, at Plaza de los Virreyes station and runs to General Savio and Centro Cívico and is operated by Metrovías. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. The Buenos Aires Metro (locally known as Subte - Spanish for Metro - from "subterráneo" - underground or subterranean - is Metrovías SA is a privately-owned company which on 1 January 1994 took over the concession granted by the Argentine government as part of railway privatisation during the The official inauguration took place on 27 August 1987. The cost of building and fitting out the line was also impressive, amounting to a mere USD 5. 4 million. An additional USD 4. 6 million was allocated to the acquisition of a fleet of 25 light rail vehicles.

Tren de la Costa is a 15. Tren de la Costa SA is a company that operates a, 11-station Light rail line in Greater Buenos Aires, between Maipú Avenue station in the northern suburb of 5 km-long (9. 7 miles) 11-station light rail line inaugurated in 1996 in Greater Buenos Aires, between Maipú Avenue station in the northern suburb of Olivos and Delta station in Tigre partido, on the Río de la Plata. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. Greater Buenos Aires ( Gran Buenos Aires, GBA in Spanish) is the generic denomination to refer to the Megalopolis comprised by the Autonomous city For other uses please see Tigre (disambiguation Tigre is a town in the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, situated in the north of A partido is an administrative subdivision of the. A partido is formally a single Municipality, though it usually comprises one or more population centers The Río de la Plata ( Spanish: " Silver River" &mdash which is often referred to in English-speaking countries as the River Plate Tren de la Costa is served by nine trains, each of two cars. Each train has a capacity of 200 passengers and travels at an average speed of 35 km/h. The journey time is 30 minutes, with a frequency of about 15 minutes. A new 2 km (1,25 miles) tramway (LRT), Tranvía del Este runs across the Puerto Madero district. Tranvía del Este or “Puerto Madero Tramway” is a Light rail line in the Puerto Madero neighborhood of Buenos Aires operated by the rail company Puerto Madero, also known within the Urban planning community as the Puerto Madero Waterfront, is a district of the Argentine capital Extensions planned will link the Retiro and La Boca terminal train stations. History The French-style station building was designed by the British architects Eustace L La Boca is a neighborhood or barrio of the Argentine capital Buenos Aires. Other routes are being studied. A Heritage streetcar maintained by tram fans operates on weekends, near the Primera Junta line A metro station in the Caballito neighbourhood. Heritage streetcars are development of Heritage railways that are becoming popular in the United States and other parts of the world Buenos Aires - Caballito - Parque Centenariojpg|thumb|left|Regulars at the Parque Centenario lake

Railways

Retiro Rail Terminal

Suburban train on Tigre Station

Ferry crossing the river Rio de la Plata.

Ministro Pistarini International Airport, more commonly referred as Ezeiza International Airport. Ministro Pistarini International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Ezeiza "Ministro Pistarini" is located 22 km (13

Every day more than 1. 3 million people commute to the Argentine capital for work and other business. Commuting is the process of Travelling between one's place of residence and regular place of work These suburban trains operate between 4 AM and 1 AM. The Buenos Aires Railway system also connects the city with long distance rail to Rosario and Cordoba among other metropolitan areas. The three principal stations for both long-distance and local passenger services are located in Buenos Aires city centre Plaza Constitucion, Retiro and Once de Septiembre. Commuter rail, regional rail or suburban rail is a Passenger rail transport service between a city center and outer suburbs and Commuter towns History On 7 March 1864 in a ceremony attended by the president Bartolomé Mitre, construction began at Mercado Constitución on the site of the present day terminus History The French-style station building was designed by the British architects Eustace L Once railway station (/'onse/ ("Estación Once" in Spanish) is a large railway terminus in central Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The Buenos Aires Railway system has seven lines:

• Belgrano Norte Line
• Belgrano Sur Line
• Roca Line
• San Martin Line
• Sarmiento Line
• Mitre Line
• Urquiza Line

High speed rail

See Buenos Aires-Rosario-Córdoba high-speed railway for details. Ferrocarril General Manuel Belgrano (FCGMB, named after the Argentine politician and military leader Manuel Belgrano, was one of the six state-owned Argentine railway Ferrocarril General Manuel Belgrano (FCGMB, named after the Argentine politician and military leader Manuel Belgrano, was one of the six state-owned Argentine railway Ferrocarril General Roca (FCCR, named after the former Argentine president Julio Argentino Roca, was one of the six state-owned Argentine railway companies formed Ferrocarril General San Martín (FCGSM, named after the former Argentine general José de San Martín, was one of the six state-owned Argentine railway companies The Ferrocarril Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (FCDFS named after the former Argentine president statesman educator and author Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, was one of the six Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre (FCGBM, named after the former Argentine president Bartolomé Mitre, was one of the six state-owned Argentine railway companies Ferrocarril General Urquiza (FCGU named after the Argentine general and politician Justo José de Urquiza, was one of the six state-owned Argentine railway companies The Buenos Aires–Rosario–Córdoba high-speed railway (Tren de Alta Velocidad – TAVe) is a project that will according to its proponents link the Argentine cities

A new high-speed rail line between Buenos Aires, Rosario and Córdoba, with speeds up to 320 km/h is planned^[28].

Ferry

Buenos Aires is also served by a ferry system operated by the company Buquebus that connects the port of Buenos Aires with the main cities of Uruguay, (Colonia del Sacramento, Montevideo and Punta del Este). See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and Colonia del Sacramento (formerly the Portuguese Colônia do Sacramento) is a City in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Montevideo (monteβi'ðeo is the largest city the capital and chief port of Uruguay. Punta del Este is an upscale vacation spot on the southern tip of Uruguay, southeast of the town of Maldonado and about 140 km east of Montevideo. More than 2,2 million people per year commute between Argentina and Uruguay with Buquebus^[29]

Airports

The Buenos Aires international airport, Ministro Pistarini International Airport, is located in the suburb of Ezeiza and is often called simply "Ezeiza". Ministro Pistarini International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Ezeiza "Ministro Pistarini" is located 22 km (13 The Aeroparque Jorge Newbery airport, located in the Palermo district next to the riverbank, serves mostly domestic traffic and general aviation. Jorge Newbery Airpark (Aeroparque "Jorge Newbery" is located northeast of the center of Buenos Aires, the Capital city of Argentina. General aviation (abbr GA) is one of two categories of Civil aviation.

Sports

Football is a passion for Argentines. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Buenos Aires has the highest concentration of football teams of any city in the world (featuring no less than 24 professional football teams),^[30] with many of its teams playing in the major league. The best-known rivalry is the one between Boca Juniors and River Plate; a match between these two teams was named as one of the "50 sporting things you must do before you die" by The Observer. Club Atlético Boca Juniors known also as Boca Juniors or simply Boca, is one of the most popular Argentine Sports clubs, best known for Club Atlético River Plate, known also as River Plate or simply River, is an Argentine Sports club best known for its football ^[30] Other major clubs include San Lorenzo de Almagro, Vélez Sársfield, Argentinos Juniors and Huracán. San Lorenzo de Almagro is a football club based in the barrio (neighbourhood of Boedo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Club Atlético Vélez Sársfield is an Argentine Sports club best known for its football team based in the Liniers neighborhood of western Argentinos Juniors is an Argentine football club founded in La Paternal Buenos Aires, on August 15, 1904. Club Atlético Huracán is a professional football team from Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Luna Park Arena. Luna Park is an 8000 seat Arena located on the corner of Corrientes and Leandro N

Diego Armando Maradona, born in Villa Fiorito, a villa miseria in the Lomas de Zamora Partido (then part of Lanús Partido) of Greater Buenos Aires, is widely hailed as one of the greatest football players of all time. Club Atlético River Plate, known also as River Plate or simply River, is an Argentine Sports club best known for its football The Estadio Monumental Antonio V Liberti, better known as El Monumental de Nuñez or River Plate Stadium, is a Stadium in the Nuñez district Club Atlético Boca Juniors known also as Boca Juniors or simply Boca, is one of the most popular Argentine Sports clubs, best known for The Estadio Alberto J Armando (formerly the Estadio Camilo Cichero is a Stadium located in the La Boca district of Buenos Aires. San Lorenzo de Almagro is a football club based in the barrio (neighbourhood of Boedo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Estadio Pedro Bidegain, nicknamed el Nuevo Gasómetro (the New Gasometer) is the home stadium of San Lorenzo football club in the Nueva Pompeya Villa Fiorito is suburb in the Lomas de Zamora Partido (formerly in Lanús Partido) in Buenos Aires Province, to the south of central Buenos Aires Vista Riachuelo desde Puente Boschjpg|thumb|240px| Villa miseria along the Riachuelo, on Buenos Aires' industrial southern edge Lomas de Zamora is a partido (district of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, and part of the Gran Buenos Aires urban Agglomeration Lanús is a partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, located at the south of the Gran Buenos Aires urban conglomerate neighbouring Greater Buenos Aires ( Gran Buenos Aires, GBA in Spanish) is the generic denomination to refer to the Megalopolis comprised by the Autonomous city Maradona started his career with Argentinos Juniors, later playing for Boca Juniors, the Argentina national football team and others (most notably FC Barcelona in Spain and SSC Napoli in Italy). Argentinos Juniors is an Argentine football club founded in La Paternal Buenos Aires, on August 15, 1904. Club Atlético Boca Juniors known also as Boca Juniors or simply Boca, is one of the most popular Argentine Sports clubs, best known for The Argentina national football team is the national football team of Argentina and is controlled by the Asociación del Fútbol Argentino (AFA Fútbol Club Barcelona ( Catalan fudˈbɔɫ ˌklup bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish ˈfutβol ˌkluβ baɾθeˈlona known familiarly as Barça (Spanish ˈbaɾsa Catalan Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli, commonly referred to as simply Napoli or the abbreviation SSC Napoli, is an Italian professional football club based

Buenos Aires has been a candidate city for the Summer Olympic Games on three occasions: for the 1956 Games, which were lost by a single vote to Melbourne; for the 1968 Summer Olympics, held in Mexico City; and in 2004, when the games were awarded to Athens. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The 1956 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was held in Melbourne Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 The 1968 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Mexico City Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's

Skyline of one side of the Palermo neighbourhood

However, Buenos Aires hosted the 1951 Pan American Games - the first,^[20] and was also host city to several World Championship events: the 1950 and 1990 Basketball World Championships, the 1982 and 2002 Men's Volleyball World Championships and, most remembered, the 1978 FIFA World Cup, won by Argentina on June 25, 1978 when it defeated the Netherlands by 3–1. The Pan American Games originated in 1932 At the Games of the X Olympiad in Los Angeles, United States, officials representing the National Olympic Committees The 1950 FIBA World Championship (also called the 1st World Basketball Championship - 1950 was an international basketball tournament held by the International Basketball Federation The 1990 FIBA World Championship was an international Basketball competition hosted by Argentina from August 8 to August 20, 1990. The FIBA World Championship is a world Basketball tournament for men's national teams held quadrennially by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA The Volleyball World Championship is a men's and women's indoor Volleyball competition The 1978 FIFA World Cup, the 11th staging of the World Cup was held in Argentina between June 1 and June 25. The Argentina national football team is the national football team of Argentina and is controlled by the Asociación del Fútbol Argentino (AFA Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The Netherlands national football team is the national football team of the Netherlands and is controlled by the Royal Netherlands Football Association

Juan Manuel Fangio won 5 Formula One World Driver's Championships, and was only matched by Schumacher, with 6 Championships right before retiring. Juan Manuel Fangio ( Balcarce, June 24, 1911 - Buenos Aires, July 17, 1995) nicknamed "El Chueco" ("knock-kneed" The Formula One World Drivers' Championship (WDC is awarded by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA) to the most successful Formula One The Buenos Aires Oscar Gálvez car-racing track hosted 20 editions of the Formula One Argentine Grand Prix between 1953 and 1998; its discontinuation was due to financial reasons. The Argentine Grand Prix was a round of the Formula One championship held intermittently from to. The track features local categories on most weekends.

Argentines' love for horses can be experienced in several ways: horse racing at the Hipódromo Argentino de Palermo racetrack, polo in the Campo Argentino de Polo (located just across Libertador Avenue from the Hipódromo), and pato, a kind of basketball played on horseback that was declared the national game in 1953. The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. Palermo is a neighborhood or Barrio of the Argentine capital Buenos Aires. A race track (or 'racetrack' or 'racing track' is a purpose-built facility for Racing of animals (eg Polo is a team sport played outdoors on Horseback in which the objective is to score goals against an opposing team The Campo Argentino del Polo, popularly known as the 'Cathedral of Polo' is a multi-use Stadium in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Pato is a game played on horseback that combines elements from Polo and Basketball.

Buenos Aires native Guillermo Vilas (who was raised in Mar del Plata) was one of the great tennis players of the 1970s and 1980s,^[20] and popularized tennis in all of Argentina. Guillermo Vilas (born August 17 1952 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a former Argentine professional Tennis player Mar del Plata is an Argentine city located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the Buenos Aires Province, south of Buenos Aires. He won the ATP Buenos Aires numerous times in the 1970s. The ATP Buenos Aires ( Spanish Abierto de Buenos Aires) is an annual Tennis event for male tennis players held in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Other popular sports in Buenos Aires are golf, basketball, rugby, and field hockey. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Field hockey is a Team sport in which players attempt to score goals by hitting the Ball across the pitch with a stick

Panorama of Buenos Aires CBD, seen from Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve

Sister cities

See also

• List of Mayors and Chiefs of Government of Buenos Aires
• List of cities
• List of national capitals
• List of twin towns and sister cities of Buenos Aires
• Large Cities Climate Leadership Group
• List of metropolitan areas by population
• Megacity

References

• Encyclopædia Britannica
• Microsoft Encarta
• General Information
• (Spanish) Patricia Moglia, Fabián Sislián and Mónica Alabart, Pensar la historia Argentina desde una historia de América Latina, Buenos Aires:Plus Ultra

External links

• Buenos Aires (city) travel guide from Wikitravel

• (Spanish) Official government website
• Official tourism website
• (Spanish) Tourism Website of Buenos Aires

Newspapers

• (English) The Nose
• (English) The Argentimes
• (English) Buenos Aires Herald
• (Spanish) Clarín
• (Spanish) La Nación
• (Spanish) Página 12
• (Spanish) Perfil
• (Spanish) Infobae
• (Spanish) Edición Nacional
• (Spanish) La Prensa
• (German) Argentinisches Tageblatt