Bucharest Bucureşti
The Palace of the Parliament
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname: Little Paris, Paris of the East
Motto: Patria si Dreptul Meu (My Country and My Right)
Location of Bucharest within Romania (in red)
Coordinates: 44°26′7″N 26°6′10″E / 44.43528, 26.10278
Country	Romania
County	Municipality of Bucharest
Founded	1459 (first official record)
Government
- Mayor	Adriean Videanu (PD)
Area
- City	228 km² (88 sq mi)
- Metro	238 km² (91. The Palace of the Parliament (Palatul Parlamentului in Bucharest, Romania is a multi-purpose building containing both chambers of the Romanian Parliament The Coat of arms of Bucharest is the heraldic symbol standing for Bucharest, the capital of Romania. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Romania 's administration is relatively centralised and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified Adriean Videanu (b 1 June 1962 in Crevenicu, Teleorman County) is a businessman and former Mayor of Bucharest, Romania The Democratic Party ( Romanian: Partidul Democrat, PD was a centre-right party of Romania. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 9 sq mi)
Elevation	60 - 90 m (197–295 ft)
Population (2007-July-11[1])
- City	▲ 1,931,838
- Density	8,510/km² (22,040. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/sq mi)
- Metro	2,600,000
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal Code	0xxxxx
Area code(s)	+40 x1
Car Plates	B
Website: www.pmb.ro

Bucharest (Romanian: Bucureşti /bu.kuˈreʃtʲ/ (help·info)) is the capital city, industrial, and commercial centre of Romania. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The standard Romanian License plate consists of a blue vertical strip (the European strip on the left side of the plate displaying the 12 stars of the Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania It is Romania's largest city. It is located in the southeast of the country, at 44°25′N, 26°06′E, and lies on the banks of the Dâmboviţa River. The Dâmboviţa River is a river in Romania. It starts at the junction of Headwaters Valea Vladului and Boarcăşu, having its source in It was originally known as Dâmboviţa citadel.

By European standards, Bucharest is not an old city, its existence first being referred to by scholars as late as 1459. ^[2] Since then it has gone through a variety of changes, becoming the state capital of Romania in 1862 and steadily consolidating its position as the centre of the Romanian mass media, culture and arts. Its eclectic architecture is a mix of historical, interbellum, Communist-era and modern. In the period between the two World Wars, the city's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of the "Paris of the East" or "Little Paris" (Micul Paris). ^[3] Although many buildings and districts in the historic centre were damaged or destroyed by war, earthquakes and Nicolae Ceauşescu's program of systematization, many survived. Nicolae Ceauşescu (nikoˈlaje tʃauˈʃesku (January 26 1918 – December 25 1989 was the communist dictator of Romania from 1965 until December 1989 when a revolution Systematization in Romania refers to a program of Urban planning carried out under Nicolae Ceauşescu 's communist regime. In recent years, the city has been experiencing an economic and cultural boom. ^[4]

According to January 2006 official estimates, Bucharest proper has a population of 1,930,390. ^[5] The urban area extends beyond the limits of Bucharest proper and has a population of 2. 1 million people. ^[6] Adding the satellite towns around the urban area, the metropolitan area of Bucharest has a population of 2. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 6 million people. ^[6] Bucharest is the 6th largest city in the European Union by population within city limits. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in ^[5]

Economically, the city is the most prosperous in Romania^[7] and is one of the main industrial centres and transportation hubs of Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. As the most developed city in Romania, Bucharest also has a broad range of educational facilities.

The city proper is administratively known as the Municipality of Bucharest (Municipiul Bucureşti), and has the same administrative level as a county, being further subdivided into six sectors. List of counties See also List of Romanian Counties by Population The Judeţe (translated in English as "counties" are administrative The Municipality of Bucharest (the capital of Romania) is divided into six administrative sectors ( sectoare in Romanian) each of which

Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Law and government 5.1 Administration 5.2 Justice system 5.3 Crime 6 Demographics 7 Economy 8 Transport 9 Culture 9.1 Landmarks 9.2 Visual arts 9.3 Performing arts 9.4 Music and nightlife 9.5 Traditional culture 9.6 Cultural events and festivals 10 Architecture 10.1 Historical architecture 10.2 Communist architecture 10.3 Contemporary architecture 11 Gallery 12 Media 13 Sports 14 Portrayal in film and fiction 15 Sister cities 16 See also 17 Notes 18 References 19 External links 19.1 Official sites 19.2 City guides 19.3 Other

Etymology

Tradition connects the founding of Bucharest with the name of Bucur who was either a prince, an outlaw, a fisherman or a shepherd according to different legends. The name of Bucur (from "bucurie" meaning "joy") is of Thracian-Geto-Dacian origin. Bucur is the legendary Romanian Shepherd who is said to have founded Bucharest, giving its name to it ^[8] In Albanian, a language which has historical connections with the Thracian languages, "bukur' signifies 'beautiful'.

The official city name in full is The Municipality of Bucharest (Romanian: Municipiul Bucureşti). Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Bucharest has been known in Latin as Bucaresta, in Hungarian and German as Bukarest and in French, Italian and Spanish as Bucarest in Dutch as Boekarest. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.

A native or resident of Bucharest is called Bucharester (Romanian: Bucureştean). Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance

History

Main article: History of Bucharest

The remains of Curtea Veche, the royal court in Bucharest during the Middle Ages

Bucharest in 1837

Back view of the CEC Palace and the royal guard

Bucharest's history alternated periods of development and decline from the early settlements of the Antiquity and until its consolidation as capital of Romania late in the 19th century. The history of Bucharest covers the time from the early settlements on the locality's territory (and that of the surrounding area in Ilfov County) until its modern Curtea Veche (the Old Princely Court) built as a place or residence during the rule of Vlad III Dracula in the 15th century, now operates as a museum Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean

First mentioned as "the Citadel of Bucureşti" in 1459, it became a residence of the Wallachian prince Vlad III the Impaler. A citadel is a fortress for protecting a Town, sometimes incorporating a Castle. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania This is a List of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union The Old Princely Court (Curtea Veche) was built by Mircea Ciobanul, and during following rules, Bucharest was established as the summer residence of the court, competing with Târgovişte for the status of capital after an increase in the importance of southern Muntenia brought about by the demands of the suzerain power, the Ottoman Empire. Curtea Veche (the Old Princely Court) built as a place or residence during the rule of Vlad III Dracula in the 15th century, now operates as a museum Mircea V Ciobanul ( Mircea the Shepherd) (d 25 September 1559) was the Prince ( Voivode) of Wallachia three times January Târgovişte (old spelling Tîrgovişte; tɨrˈgoviʃte is a city in the Dâmboviţa county of Romania. Muntenia (or Greater Wallachia) is a historical province of Romania, usually considered Wallachia -proper ( Muntenia, Ţara Românească Suzerainty (ˈsjuːzərənti RP or /ˈsjuːzəreɪnti/ RP) (/ˈsuːzərənti/ GA) is a situation in which a Region or people is a The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish

Burned down by the Ottomans and briefly discarded by princes at the start of the 17th century, Bucharest was restored and continued to grow in size and prosperity. Its centre was around the street "Uliţa Mare", which starting 1589 was known as Lipscani. Lipscani is a street and a district of Bucharest, Romania, which in the Middle Ages was the most important commercial center of Bucharest and the whole Before the 1700s, it became the most important trade centre of Wallachia and became a permanent location for the Wallachian court after 1698 (starting with the reign of Constantin Brâncoveanu). See also Brâncovenesc architecture Constantin Brâncoveanu (1654 &ndash August 15 1714) was Prince of Wallachia

Partly destroyed by natural disasters and rebuilt several times during the following 200 years, hit by Caragea's plague in 1813-1814, the city was wrested from Ottoman control and occupied at several intervals by the Habsburg Monarchy (1716, 1737, 1789) and Imperial Russia (three times between 1768 and 1806). Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya It was placed under Russian administration between 1828 and the Crimean War, with an interlude during the Bucharest-centered 1848 Wallachian revolution, and an Austrian garrison took possession after the Russian departure (remaining in the city until March 1857). Regulamentul Organic ( Romanian name translated as Organic Statute or Organic Regulation; French: Règlement Organique, The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought The Wallachian Revolution of 1848 was a Romanian liberal and Romantic nationalist uprising in the principality of Wallachia. For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. Additionally, on March 23, 1847, a fire consumed about 2,000 buildings of Bucharest, destroying a third of the city. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The social divide between rich and poor was described at the time by Ferdinand Lassalle as making the city "a savage hotchpotch". Ferdinand Lassalle (11 April 1825 &mdash 31 August 1864 was a German Jurist and socialist political Activist.

In 1861, when Wallachia and Moldavia were united to form the Principality of Romania, Bucharest became the new nation's capital; in 1881, it became the political center of the newly-proclaimed Kingdom of Romania. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the See also Kings of Romania The Kingdom of Roumania (or ' Romania ' in post-1969 and also current spelling was the old Romanian state based on a form of During the second half of the 19th century, due to its new status, the city's population increased dramatically, and a new period of urban development began. The extravagant architecture and cosmopolitan high culture of this period won Bucharest the nickname of "The Paris of the East" (or "Little Paris", Micul Paris), with Calea Victoriei as its Champs-Élysées or Fifth Avenue. Calea Victoriei ( Victory Avenue) is a major avenue in central Bucharest. The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (ʃɑ̃zeliˈze) is the most prestigious avenue in Paris.

Between December 6, 1916 and November 1918, it was occupied by German forces, the legitimate capital being moved to Iaşi. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Iaşi (pronunciation in Romanian: /jaʃʲ/ or Jassy, is a city and municipality in north-eastern Romania. After World War I, Bucharest became the capital of Greater Romania. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All See " România Mare " for other meanings The Greater Romania (România Mare generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years As the capital of an Axis country, Bucharest suffered heavy losses during World War II, due to Allied bombings, and, on August 23, 1944, saw the the royal coup which brought Romania into the anti-German camp, suffering a short but destructive period of Luftwaffe bombings in reprisal. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The bombing of Bucharest (the capital of Romania) in World War II comprised operations by the Allies and Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In June 1941 after a brief period of nominal neutrality under King Carol, Romania joined the Axis Powers. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers On November 8, 1945, the king's birthday, the Soviet-backed Petru Groza government suppressed pro-monarchist rallies. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Petru Groza ( December 7, 1884 - January 7, 1958) was a Romanian politician best known as Prime Minister of the first See also Kingdom of Romania King of the Roumanians (in Romanian Regele Românilor) rather than King of Romania (in Romanian Regele României

During Nicolae Ceauşescu's leadership (1965-1989), most of the historic part of the city was destroyed and replaced with Communist-style buildings, particularly high-rise apartment blocks. Nicolae Ceauşescu (nikoˈlaje tʃauˈʃesku (January 26 1918 – December 25 1989 was the communist dictator of Romania from 1965 until December 1989 when a revolution The best example of this is the development called Centrul Civic (the Civic Centre), including the Palace of the Parliament, where an entire historic quarter was razed to make way for Ceauşescu's megalomaniac constructions. Centrul Civic (literally "the Civic Center" is a portion of Bucharest, Romania which was completely rebuilt as part The Palace of the Parliament (Palatul Parlamentului in Bucharest, Romania is a multi-purpose building containing both chambers of the Romanian Parliament In 1977, a strong 7.4 on the Richter-scale earthquake claimed 1,500 lives and destroyed many old buildings. The 1977 Bucharest Earthquake occurred on Friday 4 March, 1977, 2120 local time and was felt throughout the Balkans. Nevertheless, some historic neighbourhoods did survive to this day.

The Romanian Revolution of 1989 began with mass anti-Ceauşescu protests in Timişoara in December 1989 and continued in Bucharest, leading to the overthrow of the Communist regime. The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of increasingly violent riots and fighting in late December 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae Timişoara (pronunciation in Romanian: {{IPA|/timiˈʃo̯ara/}}; Hungarian: Temesvár, German: Temeschburg, Temeswar Dissatisfied with the post-revolutionary leadership of the National Salvation Front, student leagues and opposition groups organized large-scale protests continued in 1990 (the Golaniad), which were violently stopped by the miners of Valea Jiului (the Mineriad). The Golaniad ( Romanian: Golaniada from the word golan meaning hoodlum was a protest in Romania in the The Jiu Valley ( is a region in southwestern Romania, in Hunedoara county, situated in a valley of the Jiu River between the Retezat Mountains A Mineriad ( Mineriadă in Romanian is the parody term used to name any of the successive violent interventions of miners in Bucharest. Several other Mineriads followed, the results of which included a government change.

After the year 2000, due to the advent of Romania's economic boom, the city has modernised and is currently undergoing a period of urban renewal. In Economics, the term boom and bust refers to the movement of an economy through Economic cycles. Various residential and commercial developments are underway, particularly in the northern districts, while Bucharest's historic centre is currently undergoing significant restoration.

Treaties signed in Bucharest

Treaty of May 28, 1812, at the end of the Russo-Turkish War

Treaty of March 3, 1886, at the end of the Serbo-Bulgarian War

Treaty of August 10, 1913, at the end of the Second Balkan War

Treaty of August 4, 1916, the treaty of alliance between Romania and the Entente

Treaty of May 6, 1918, the treaty between Romania and the Central Powers

Geography

Bucharest is situated on the banks of the Dâmboviţa River, which flows into the Argeş River, a tributary of the Danube. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Russo-Turkish War 1806 – 1812 was one of many wars fought between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Serbo-Bulgarian War (Сръбско-българска война translit Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Second Balkan War was fought in 1913 between Bulgaria on one side and its First Balkan War allies Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Triple Entente (" entente " — French for "agreement" was the name given to the loose alignment of the United Kingdom, the Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Central Powers ( German: "Mittelmächte" Hungarian: "Központi hatalmak" Turkish: "İttifak The Kilometre Zero monument (Romanian Kilometrul zero) located in central Bucharest, Romania in front of Saint George's Church was created by The Dâmboviţa River is a river in Romania. It starts at the junction of Headwaters Valea Vladului and Boarcăşu, having its source in Argeş (Argyas is a river of Southern Romania. It starts at the junction of headwaters Buda and Capra in the Făgăraş Mountains The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Several lakes – the most important of which are Lake Floreasca, Lake Tei and Lake Colentina – stretch across the city, along the Colentina River, a tributary of the Dâmboviţa. The Colentina River is a Tributary of the Dâmboviţa River in Romania. In addition, in the centre of the capital there is a small artificial lake – Lake Cişmigiu – surrounded by the Cişmigiu Gardens. Landmarks The Rondul Român ("Romanian Round" or Rotonda Scriitorilor ("Writers' Rotunda" is a circular alley which has stone busts of The Cişmigiu Gardens have a rich history, being frequented by famous poets and writers. Opened in 1847 and based on the plans of German architect Carl F. W. Meyer, the gardens are currently the main recreational facility in the city centre.

Besides Cişmigiu, Bucharest contains several other large parks and gardens, including Herăstrău Park and the Botanical Garden. Herăstrău Park (Parcul Herăstrău) is a large Park on the northern side of Bucharest, Romania, around Lake Herăstrău. The Botanical Garden of Bucharest, now named after its founder Dimitrie Brândză, is located in the Cotroceni neighbourhood of Bucharest, Herăstrău is a large public park located in the north of the city, and the site of the Village Museum, while the Bucharest's botanical garden is the largest in Romania and contains over 10,000 species of plants, many of them exotic; it was once a pleasure park for the royal family. The Village Museum ( Muzeul Satului in Romanian) is an open-air ethnographic museum located in the Herăstrău Park ( Bucharest, Romania ^[9]

Bucharest is situated in the south eastern corner of the Romanian Plain, in an area once covered by the Vlăsiei forest, which, after it was cleared, gave way to a fertile flatland. The Walachian Plain or the Romanian Plain (Câmpia Română is located in southern Romania. Codrii Vlăsiei was the forest that once covered parts of southern Romania, including the territory of today's Bucharest and the surrounding Ilfov County As with many cities, Bucharest is traditionally considered to have seven hills, in the tradition of the seven hills of Rome. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Bucharest's seven hills are: Mihai Vodă, Dealul Mitropoliei, Radu Vodă, Cotroceni, Spirei, Văcăreşti and Sf. Dealul Mitropoliei ( Romanian for "Metropolitanate Hill" also called Dealul Patriarhiei or "Patriarchate Hill" is a small hill in Bucharest Cotroceni is a neighbourhood in western Bucharest, Romania located around the Cotroceni hill in Bucharest's Sector 6. Dealul Spirii ( Spirii Hill, lit "Spirea's Hill" an antiquated version of the name is Dealul Spirei) is a hill in Bucharest, Romania Văcăreşti is a neighbourhood in south-eastern Bucharest, located near Dâmboviţa River and the Văcăreşti Lake. Gheorghe Nou.

The city has a total area of 226 square kilometres (87 sq mi). Landmarks The Rondul Român ("Romanian Round" or Rotonda Scriitorilor ("Writers' Rotunda" is a circular alley which has stone busts of The altitude varies from 55. 8 metres (183. 1 ft) at the Dâmboviţa bridge in Căţelu, south-eastern Bucharest and 91. 5 m (300. 2 ft) at the Militari church. Militari is a district in the western part of Bucharest, in Sector 6, built in the early 1960s by Soviet workers after completely razing the village called The city has a relatively round shape, with the centre situated approximately in the cross-way of the main north-south/east-west axes at the University Square. University Square (Piaţa Universităţii is located in downtown Bucharest, near the University of Bucharest. The milestone for Romanian's Kilometre Zero is placed just south of University Square in front of the New St. In many countries Kilometre Zero (also written km 0) or similar terms in other languages is a particular location (often in the nation's capital city from which distances George Church (Sfântul Gheorghe Nou) at St. George Square (Piaţa Sfântul Gheorghe). Bucharest's radius, from University Square to the city limits in all directions, varies from about 10 to 12 km (6. 25–7. 5 mi).

Until recently, the regions surrounding Bucharest were largely rural, but after 1989, new suburbs started to be built around Bucharest, in the surrounding Ilfov county. Further urban consolidation is expected to take place when the Bucharest metropolitan area is formed in 2006, which will incorporate various communes and cities of Ilfov and surrounding counties.

Climate

Bucharest has a continental climate, characterised by hot dry summers and cold winters. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year Due to its position on the Romanian Plain, the city's winters can get windy, even though some of the winds are mitigated due to urbanisation. The Walachian Plain or the Romanian Plain (Câmpia Română is located in southern Romania. Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing Winter temperatures are often below 0 °C (32 °F), even though they rarely drop below −10 °C (14 °F). In summer, the average temperature is approximately 23 °C (73 °F) (the average for July and August), despite the fact that temperatures sometimes reach 35 °C (95 °F) to 40 °C (104 °F) in mid-summer in the city centre. Although average precipitation and humidity during summer is low, there are infrequent yet heavy and often violent storms. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity. During spring and autumn, temperatures vary between 18 °C (64 °F) to 22 °C (72 °F), and precipitation during this time tends to be higher than in summer, with more frequent yet milder periods of rain.

Weather averages for Bucharest
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	2 (36)	3 (37)	10 (50)	16 (61)	22 (72)	26 (79)	27 (81)	27 (81)	23 (73)	17 (63)	8 (46)	3 (37)	16 (61)
Average low °C (°F)	-5 (23)	-3 (27)	0 (32)	5 (41)	10 (50)	14 (57)	15 (59)	15 (59)	11 (52)	6 (43)	0 (32)	-2 (28)	5 (41)
Precipitation mm (inches)	40 (1. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 6)	36 (1. 4)	38 (1. 5)	46 (1. 8)	70 (2. 8)	77 (3)	64 (2. 5)	58 (2. 3)	42 (1. 7)	32 (1. 3)	49 (1. 9)	43 (1. 7)	595 (23. 4)
Source: weatherbase. com[10]

Law and government

Administration

See also: Bucharest metropolitan area

Bucharest has a unique status in Romanian administration, since it is the only municipality that is not part of a county. } The Bucharest metropolitan area includes Bucharest, the capital city of Romania, and surrounding communes. The Municipality of Bucharest (the capital of Romania) is divided into six administrative sectors ( sectoare in Romanian) each of which List of counties See also List of Romanian Counties by Population The Judeţe (translated in English as "counties" are administrative Its population, however, is larger than that of any Romanian county, and hence the power of the Bucharest General City Hall (Primăria Generală), which is the city's local government body, is about the same as, if not greater than, that of Romanian county councils.

The city government is headed by a General Mayor (Primar General), currently (as of 2007) Adriean Videanu. The Mayor of Bucharest ( Primarul General al Municipiului Bucureşti in Romanian) is the head of the Bucharest City Hall which is responsible for city-wide Adriean Videanu (b 1 June 1962 in Crevenicu, Teleorman County) is a businessman and former Mayor of Bucharest, Romania Decisions are approved and discussed by the General Council (Consiliu General) made up of 55 elected councillors. The General Council of Bucharest ( Consiliul General al Municipiului Bucureşti in Romanian) is the legislative body of the Municipality of Bucharest, and Furthermore, the city is divided into six administrative sectors (sectoare), each of which has their own 27-seat sectorial council, town hall and mayor. The Municipality of Bucharest (the capital of Romania) is divided into six administrative sectors ( sectoare in Romanian) each of which The powers of local government over a certain area are therefore shared by the Bucharest City Hall and the local sectorial councils with little or no overlapping of authority. The general rule is that the main City Hall is responsible for citywide utilities such as the water system, the transport system and the main boulevards, while sectorial town halls manage the contact between individuals and the local government, secondary streets, parks, schools and cleaning services.

The six sectors are numbered from one to six and are disposed radially so that each one has under its administration an area of the city center. They are numbered clockwise and are further divided into districts without any form of administration (cartiere):

• Sector 1 with population in 2007 of 228,629 including:Dorobanţi, Băneasa, Aviaţiei, Pipera, Aviatorilor, Primăverii, Romană, Victoriei, Herăstrău Park, Bucureştii Noi, Dămăroaia, Strǎuleşti, Griviţa, 1 Mai, Băneasa Forest, Pajura, Domenii and a small part of Giuleşti - the part with Giuleşti Stadium
• Sector 2 with population in 2007 of 359,107 including:Pantelimon, Colentina, Iancului, Tei, Floreasca, Moşilor, Obor, Vatra Luminoasă, Fundeni, Plumbuita, Ştefan cel Mare, Baicului
• Sector 3 with population in 2007 of 394,812 including:Vitan, Dudeşti, Titan, Centrul Civic, Dristor, Lipscani, Muncii, Unirii
• Sector 4 with population in 2007 of 301,172 including:Berceni, Olteniţei, Giurgiului, Văcăreşti, Timpuri Noi, Tineretului
• Sector 5 with population in 2007 of 287,480 including:Rahova, Ferentari, Cotroceni, 13 Septembrie, Dealul Spirii
• Sector 6 with population in 2007 of 360,638 including:Giuleşti, Crângaşi, Drumul Taberei, Militari, Grozǎveşti (also known as Regie), Ghencea

Like all other local councils in Romania, the Bucharest sectorial councils, the city's General Council and the mayors are elected every four years by the population. Sector 1 is a sector in Bucharest. It includes the northern part of the city centre as well as the northwestern districts of Băneasa and Pipera Dorobanţi is a district in Sector 1 Bucharest The theme of the district is represented by red brick buildings and modern glass buildings Băneasa (bəˈne̯asa is a borough (cartier in the north side of Bucharest, near the Băneasa Lake (0 Aviaţiei is a district divided between Sector 1 and Sector 2 of Bucharest, mainly in Sector 1. Pipera is a district situated in the north of Bucharest, Romania. Herăstrău Park (Parcul Herăstrău) is a large Park on the northern side of Bucharest, Romania, around Lake Herăstrău. Bucureştii Noi is a district situated in north-west of Bucharest and of Sector 1. For the commune in Galaţi County, see Griviţa Galaţi, for the commune in Ialomiţa County, see Griviţa Ialomiţa, for the commune Băneasa Forest (Pădurea Băneasa in Romanian is a wood in the north of Bucharest For the commune of Giuleşti see Giuleşti Maramureş. Giuleşti (pronounced /ʤju Sector 2 ( Sectorul 2 in Romanian) is a sector in Bucharest. Demographics Sector 2 is the city's most multicultural Pantelimon is a neighborhood located in the north-eastern part of Bucharest, Romania in Sector 2. Colentina is one of the main neighborhoods in Bucharest's 2nd district located on the north-east of the city Tei is a neighborhood in Bucharest - Sector 2. The name comes from the name of the lake in this area Lacul Tei ( Linden Tree Lake Obor is the name of a square and the surrounding district of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. Sector 3 ( Sectorul 3 in Romanian) is a sector in Bucharest. Politics The mayor of the sector is Liviu Gheorghe Vitan is a neighborhood in southeastern Bucharest, Romania, along the Dâmboviţa River, located between Titan, Dristor, Centrul Dudeşti is a neighbourhood in south-eastern Bucharest, along the Calea Dudeşti. Titan is a neighborhood of Eastern Bucharest, part of Sector 3. Centrul Civic (literally "the Civic Center" is a portion of Bucharest, Romania which was completely rebuilt as part Dristor is a neighborhood located in the southeastern part of Bucharest. Lipscani is a street and a district of Bucharest, Romania, which in the Middle Ages was the most important commercial center of Bucharest and the whole Sector 4 is a sector in Bucharest. Politics The mayor of the sector is Cristian Popescu Piedone from the Conservative Party. Berceni is a district (quarter cartier in Romanian) of Bucharest. Văcăreşti is a neighbourhood in south-eastern Bucharest, located near Dâmboviţa River and the Văcăreşti Lake. Sector 5 ( Sectorul 5 in Romanian) is a sector in Bucharest. Politics The mayor of the sector is Marian Vanghelie Rahova is a neighbourhood of southwest Bucharest, Romania, situated in Sector 5, west of Dâmboviţa River. Ferentari (IPA) is a neighbourhood located in the 5th Sector of Bucharest, Romania. Cotroceni is a neighbourhood in western Bucharest, Romania located around the Cotroceni hill in Bucharest's Sector 6. Sector 6 ( Sectorul 6 in Romanian) is a sector in Bucharest. For the commune of Giuleşti see Giuleşti Maramureş. Giuleşti (pronounced /ʤju Crângaşi is one of the smallest neighbourhoods in the 6th Sector of Bucharest, Romania. Drumul Taberei (approx Road of the Camp) is a neighbourhood located in the south-west of Bucharest, Romania, roughly between Timişoara Avenue (south Militari is a district in the western part of Bucharest, in Sector 6, built in the early 1960s by Soviet workers after completely razing the village called The General Council of Bucharest ( Consiliul General al Municipiului Bucureşti in Romanian) is the legislative body of the Municipality of Bucharest, and Additionally, Bucharest has a prefect, who is appointed by Romania's central government. The prefect is not allowed to be a member of a political party. The prefect's role is to represent the national government at local level, acting as a liaison and facilitating the implementation of National Development Plans and governing programmes at local level. The current prefect of Bucharest (as of 2007) is Călin Deaconescu.

The Municipality of Bucharest, along with the surrounding Ilfov county, forms the Bucharest development region, which is equivalent to NUTS-II regions in the European Union and is used by the European Union and the Romanian Government for statistical analysis and regional development. The Bucharest-Ilfov development region is a development region in Romania, encompassing the national capital Bucharest, as well as the surrounding The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Bucharest development region is not, however, an administrative entity.

Justice system

Bucharest's judicial system is similar to that of the Romanian counties. Each of the six sectors has their own local tribunal, while appeals from these tribunals' verdicts, and more serious cases, are directed to the Bucharest Court of Appeals, the city's municipal court. Bucharest is also home to Romania's supreme court, the High Court of Cassation and Justice, as well as other national courts such as the Constitutional Court of Romania and the National Military Tribunal. The High Court of Cassation and Justice (Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie is Romania 's Supreme court.

Bucharest has its own municipal police force, the Bucharest Police (Poliţia Bucureşti), which is responsible for policing of crime within the whole city, and operates a number of special divisions. The Bucharest Police are headquartered on Ştefan cel Mare Blvd in the city centre, and has a number of precincts throughout the city. From 2004 onwards, each sector City Hall also has under its administration a Community Police force (Poliţia Comunitară), dealing with local community issues. Poliţia Comunitară (poli'ʦia komuni'tarə is the generic name for the local Police in Romania - on city or commune level Bucharest also houses the General Inspectorates of the Gendarmerie and the National Police. Jandarmeria Română (ʒandarme'ria ro'mɨnə is the military branch of the two Romanian Police forces (the civil force being the The Romanian Police (Poliţia Română po'litsia ro'mɨnə is the national police force and main civil law enforcement agency in Romania.

Crime

Main article: Crime in Bucharest

Bucharest's crime rate is rather low in comparison to other East-European capital cities, with the number of total offences declining by 51% between 2000 and 2004. Crime in Bucharest is quite low in comparison to other European capital cities with the number of total offences declining by 51% between 2000 and 2004 ^[11] In particular, levels of violent crime remain very low, with 24 murders and 1069 other violent offences taking place in 2004. A violent crime or crime of violence is a Crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim ^[11] Although there have been a number of recent police crackdowns on organised crime gangs, such as the Cămătaru clan, organised crime generally has little impact on public life. "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. Petty crime, however, is more common, particularly in the form of pickpocketing, which occurs mainly on the city's public transport network. This article is about the crime For the Robert Bresson film see Pickpocket (film. Additionally, confidence tricks are sometimes common, especially in regards to tourists, even though the frequency of these tricks has declined in recent years. A confidence trick or confidence game (also known as a bunko, con, flim flam, gaffle, grift, scam, scheme Levels of crime are higher in the southern districts of the city, particularly in Ferentari, a socially-disadvantaged area mainly inhabited by people of Roma ethnicity. Ferentari (IPA) is a neighbourhood located in the 5th Sector of Bucharest, Romania. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins

Although the presence of street children was a problem in Bucharest in the 1990s, their numbers have declined significantly in recent years, currently lying at or below the average of major European capital cities^[12]. Street children is a term used to refer to children who live on the streets The same is true for beggars and homeless people, many of them from the Roma minority. "Beggar" redirects here Distinguish from Begga and Bega. Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who lack housing because they cannot afford or are otherwise unable to maintain regular safe and adequate shelter The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins However, there are still an estimated 1,000 street children in the city,^[12] many of whom engage in petty crime and begging. There has also been speculation that the street children are recruited by professional underground networks for criminal purposes. From 2000 onwards, Bucharest has seen an increase in illegal road races which occur mainly at night in the city's outskirts or on industrial sites.

A significant problem in the city remains institutional corruption, which is seen as the most important justice-and-law related problem in the city. Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain

Demographics

Historical population of Bucharest
Year	Population
1789	30,030
1831	▲ 60,587
1859	▲ 122,000
1900	▲ 282,000
1918	▲ 383,000
1930	▲ 639,000
January 25, 1948 census	▲ 1,041,807[13]
February 21, 1956 census	▲ 1,177,661[13]
March 15, 1966 census	▲ 1,366,684[13]
January 5, 1977 census	▲ 1,807,239[13]
July 1, 1990 estimate	▲ 2,127,194[5]
January 7, 1992 census	▼ 2,067,545[13]
March 18, 2002 census	▼ 1,926,334[13]
July 1, 2005 estimate	▼ 1,924,959[5]
January 1, 2006 estimate	▲ 1,930,390[5]
July 11, 2007 estimate	▲ 2,088,500[14]

The city's population, according to the 2002 census, is 1,926,334 inhabitants,^[13] or 8. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 9% of the total population of Romania. Additionally, there are about 50,000 people who commute to the city every day, mainly from the surrounding Ilfov county.

Bucharest's population experienced two phases of rapid growth, the first in the late 19th century, when the city grew in importance and size, and the second during the Communist period, when a massive urbanisation campaign was launched and many people migrated from rural areas to the capital. At this time, due to Ceauşescu's ban on abortion and contraception, natural increase was also significant. In demographics the rate of natural increase ( RNI) is the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate of a population (excluding migration

Approximately 97% of the population of Bucharest are ethnic Romanians, with the second largest ethnic group being the Roma, which make up 1. The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins 4% of the population. Other significant ethnic groups are Hungarians (0. Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. 3%), Jews (0. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ 1%), Turks (0,1%) and Germans (0,1%). The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Some other inhabitants of Bucharest are of Greek, Armenian, Lipovan and Italian descent. There has been a Greek presence in Romania for at least 27 centuries Armenians have been present in what is now Romania and Moldova for over a millennium and have been an important presence as traders since the 14th century Lipovans or Lippovans (Lipoveni Липовани Липоване липованци are the Old Believers, mostly of Russian ethnic origin who settled Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Greeks and the Armenians used to play significant roles in the life of the city at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. One the predominantly Greek neighbourhoods Vitan - where a Jewish population also lived; the latter was more present in Văcăreşti and areas around Unirii Square. Vitan is a neighborhood in southeastern Bucharest, Romania, along the Dâmboviţa River, located between Titan, Dristor, Centrul PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Văcăreşti is a neighbourhood in south-eastern Bucharest, located near Dâmboviţa River and the Văcăreşti Lake. Piaţa Unirii (meaning "Union Square" in Romanian) is one of the largest squares in central Bucharest, located in center of the city where Sectors

In terms of religion, 96. 1% of the population are Romanian Orthodox, 1. The Romanian Orthodox Church ( Biserica Ortodoxă Română in Romanian) is a Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church 2% are Roman Catholic, 0. The Roman-Catholic Church (Biserica Romano-Catolică din România in Romania is a Latin Church Christian church part of the worldwide Catholic Church 5% are Muslim and 0. Islam in Romania is followed by only 03 percent of population but has 700 years of tradition in Northern Dobruja, a region on the Black Sea coast which was part 4% are Eastern Rite-Catholic. The Romanian Church United with Rome Greek-Catholic (Biserica Română Unită cu Roma Greco-Catolică is an Eastern Rite or Greek-Catholic Church ranked as a Major Despite this, only 24% of the population, of any religion, attend a place of worship once a week or more. ^[15] The life expectancy of residents of Bucharest in 2003-2005 was 74. 14 years, around 2 years higher than the Romanian average. Female life expectancy was 77. 41 years, in comparison to 70. 57 years for males. ^[16]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Bucharest

Bucharest is the most economically-developed and industrialised city in Romania, producing around 21% of the country's GDP and about one-quarter of its industrial production, while only accounting for 9% of the country's population. Bucharest is the most economically-developed and industrialised city in Romania producing around 21% of the country's GDP and about one-quarter of its industrial production Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French Charles de Gaulle Plaza is a class A office building in Bucharest constructed entirely out of steel and glass Herăstrău Park (Parcul Herăstrău) is a large Park on the northern side of Bucharest, Romania, around Lake Herăstrău. BRD - Groupe Société Générale is a Romanian bank in which the French Société Générale financial group holds a majority stake of 58 BRD Tower is a class A office building in Bucharest. It has 19 floors and a surface of 37000 sqm one of the largest office building in Bucharest. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one ^[17] Almost one third of national taxes is paid by Bucharest's citizens and companies. In 2005, at purchasing power parity, Bucharest had a per-capita GDP of €16,760, or 74. 8% that of the European Union average and more than twice the Romanian average. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania ^[18] The city's strong economic growth has revitalised infrastructure and led to the development of many shopping malls and modern residential towers and high-rise office buildings. In September 2005, Bucharest had an unemployment rate of 2. 6%, significantly lower than the national unemployment rate of 5. 7%. ^[19]

Bucharest's economy is mainly centred on industry and services, with services particularly growing in importance in the last ten years. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The city serves as the headquarters of 186,000 firms, including nearly all large Romanian companies. ^[20] An important source for growth since 2000 has been the city's property and construction boom, which has resulted in a significant growth in the construction sector. Bucharest is also Romania's largest centre for information technology and communications and is home to several software companies operating offshore delivery centers. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Bucharest contains Romania's largest stock exchange, the Bucharest Stock Exchange, which was merged in December 2005 with the Bucharest-based electronic stock exchange, Rasdaq. The Bucharest Stock Exchange ( Bursa de Valori Bucureşti in Romanian) is a Stock exchange in Bucharest, Capital of Romania RASDAQ is a former stock market in Romania, now part of the Bucharest Stock Exchange.

The city has a number of international supermarket chains such as Carrefour, Cora and METRO. Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good Carrefour SA ( (karˈfur is a French international Hypermarket chain with a global network of outlets Cora is a retail group based in Belgium which owns several supermarket and hypermarket chains internationally Metro AG ( is a diversified Retail and Wholesale / cash and carry group based in Germany. At the moment, the city is undergoing a retail boom, with a large number of supermarkets, and hypermarkets, constructed every year. For more information, see supermarkets in Romania. The Romanian Supermarket industry is a highly successful market in the Retail area The biggest modern shopping centres in Bucharest are Bucharest Mall, Plaza Romania, City Mall, Jolie Ville Galleria and Unirea Shopping Center. The Bucureşti Mall is a Shopping mall located in Bucharest, Romania, close to the Dudeşti and Văcăreşti neighbourhoods The Plaza Romania is one of Romania 's largest shopping centres Jolie Ville Galleria is a luxury shopping centre in the town of Voluntari, near Bucharest, Romania. Unirea Shopping Center is a shopping mall located in Unirii Square, Bucharest, Romania. However, there are also a large number of traditional markets; the one at Obor covers about a dozen city blocks, and numerous large stores that are not officially part of the market effectively add up to a market district almost twice that size. Obor is the name of a square and the surrounding district of Bucharest, the capital of Romania.

In Bucharest the average salary is £1000 a month which is higher than that of Spain. Also as Romania is experiencing a real construction boom the average price for a central one bedroom flat is around £650 which puts the price of rent on par with Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city ^[21]

Romania is most importantly feeling the benefits of the new wealth due to the economic boom that it has seen for the recent years. ^[21]

Transport

Main article: Transport in Bucharest

Public Transport

Bucharest's extensive public transport system is the largest in Romania and the third largest in Europe. The Bucharest Metro ( Metroul Bucureşti in Romanian) is an underground urban railway network that serves the capital of Romania, Bucharest. Bucharest boasts the largest transport network in Romania and one of the largest in Europe. Bucharest boasts the largest transport network in Romania and one of the largest in Europe. It is made up of the Bucharest Metro, as well as a surface transport system run by RATB (Regia Autonomă de Transport Bucureşti), which consists of buses, trams, trolleybuses and light rail. The Bucharest Metro ( Metroul Bucureşti in Romanian) is an underground urban railway network that serves the capital of Romania, Bucharest. This article is about the Romanian public transport operator For the British-based Cuba solidarity organisation see Rock Around the Blockade Regia Autonomă de Transport Bucharest boasts the largest transport network in Romania and one of the largest in Europe. In addition, there is a private minibus system. Marshrutka ( Bulgarian, маршру́тка mɘr'ʂrutkɘ from marshrutnoye taksi (Mаршрутное такси is a Share taxi in The metro and the surface transport system — used to be run by two separate state-owned corporations but have been merged in early 2007 to form the Bucharest Metropolitan Transport Board. As of 2007, there is a limit of 10,000 taxicab licences ^[22], down from 25,000 in the 1990s, and the even higher demand is supplied by taxis registered in Ilfov county.

Air

The city is served by two airports: Henri Coandă International Airport (formerly Otopeni) and Aurel Vlaicu International Airport (formerly Băneasa). Henri Coandă International Airport (Aeroportul Internaţional Henri Coandă is the busiest airport in Romania, as well as one of the two airports serving Bucharest Bucharest " Aurel Vlaicu " Airport (largely known as Băneasa Airport or Bucharest City Airport) is located in Băneasa district Henri Coandă is the largest airport in Romania with 5 million passengers in 2007 and the main hub for the national operator TAROM. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania SC „Compania Națională de Transporturi Aeriene Române – TAROM” S Delta Air Lines serves Bucharest directly from JFK. Delta Air Lines Inc ( is a United States Airline based and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It is also connected to several international airports by a wide range of international airlines. The smaller Aurel Vlaicu International Airport is used for charter flights and low-cost carriers. Bucharest " Aurel Vlaicu " Airport (largely known as Băneasa Airport or Bucharest City Airport) is located in Băneasa district No-frills or no frills is a term used to describe any service or product for which the non-essential features have been removed

Railways

Bucharest is the hub of Romania's national railway network, run by Căile Ferate Române. Căile Ferate Române (translated "Romanian Railways" abbreviated as CFR) is the official designation of the State Railway carrier The main railway station is Gara de Nord, or North Station, which provides connections to all major cities in Romania as well as international destinations such as Belgrade, Budapest, Sofia, Vienna, Prague, Moscow, Istanbul, Chisinau, and many others European capital and city. Gara de Nord Bucureşti ( North Station in English is the main railway station in Bucharest and the largest railway station in Romania. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Chişinău (kiʃi'nəw (also known as Kishinev, Кишинёв Kishinyov) is the capital and largest city of Moldova. The city also has five other railway stations run by CFR, most important are Basarab (in proximity of North Station), Obor, Baneasa, Progresu, which are in the process of being integrated in a commuter railway serving Bucharest and the surrounding Ilfov county. From the Bucharest depart 7 main line.

Infrastructure

The city's municipal road network is centred around a series of high-capacity boulevards, which generally radiate out from the city centre to the outskirts. The main axes, which run north-south, east-west and northwest-southeast, as well as one internal and one external ring road, support the bulk of the traffic. The city's roads are usually very crowded during rush hours, due to an increase in car ownership in recent years. Every day, there are more than one million vehicles travelling within the city. ^[23] This has resulted in wear and potholes appearing on many Bucharest roads, particularly secondary roads, this being identified as one of Bucharest's main infrastructural problems. Potholing can also be the sport of exploring vertical caves as a synonym of Caving. In recent years, there has been a comprehensive effort on behalf of the City Hall to boost road infrastructure and according to the general development plan, nearly 2000 roads are expected to be repaired by 2008. ^[24]

Roads

Bucharest is also a major intersection of Romania's national road network. Public roads in Romania are ranked according to importance and traffic as follows motorways ( autostradă - pl It is the origin of most of the country's national roads and motorway, which link the city to all of Romania's major cities as well as to neighbouring countries such as Hungary, Bulgaria and Ukraine. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Romania's two motorway currently in operation, the A1 to Pitesti and the A2, in Romanian "Autostrada Soarelui" (the sun motorway) to Dobrogea region and Constanta both start from Bucharest. The planned A3 and A4 freeways will also radiate from the Voluntari region in the city's northern outskirts.

Water

Although it is situated on the banks of a river, Bucharest has never functioned as a port city, with other Romanian cities such as Constanţa and Brăila acting as the country's main ports. Constanţa (pronunciation in Romanian: /kon'stanʦa/ historical names Tomis, Κωνστάντια or Constantia, Köstence Brăila (pronunciation in Romanian: /brə'ila/ Браила Ibrail is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and However, the Danube-Bucharest Canal, which is 73 km (45 mi) long, is currently in construction and is around 60% completed. The Danube-Bucharest Canal is a 73 Kilometre -long Canal project that is supposed to link Bucharest, Romania to the Danube via When finished, the canal will link Bucharest to the Danube River and, via the Danube-Black Sea Canal, to the Black Sea. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Danube-Black Sea Canal (Canalul Dunăre-Marea Neagră is a Canal in Romania which runs from Cernavodă on the Danube to Agigea The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey This corridor is expected to be a significant component of the city's transport infrastructure and increase sea traffic by a large margin.

Culture

Bucharest has a diverse and growing cultural scene, with cultural life exhibited in a number of various fields, including the visual arts, performing arts and nightlife. University Square (Piaţa Universităţii is located in downtown Bucharest, near the University of Bucharest. Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazul Vitéz Mihály 1558 - 9 August 1601) was the Prince of Wallachia (1593-1601 of Transylvania The visual arts are art forms that focus on the creation of works which are primarily Visual in nature such as Painting, Photography The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence NightLife with Tony Delroy is a popular late night talkback show across ABC Local Radio, Broadcasting from the 702 ABC Sydney studios in Ultimo Unlike other parts of Romania, such as the Black Sea coast or Transylvania, Bucharest's cultural scene is much more eclectic, without a defined style, and instead incorporates various elements of Romanian and international culture. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian Bucharest has an eclectic mixture of elements from traditionally Romanian buildings to buildings that are influenced by French architects. It is because of this French influence that Bucharest was once called "the Paris of the East" or "Little Paris. "

Landmarks

Bucharest has a number of landmark buildings and monuments. Perhaps the most prominent of these is the Palace of the Parliament, built in the 1980s during the reign of Communist dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu. The Palace of the Parliament (Palatul Parlamentului in Bucharest, Romania is a multi-purpose building containing both chambers of the Romanian Parliament Currently the largest building in Europe and the second-largest in the world, the Palace houses the Romanian Parliament (the Chamber of Deputies and Senate), as well as the National Museum of Contemporary Art. The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor is the lower house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. The Senate of Romania ( romanian: "Senat" is the upper house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. The National Museum of Contemporary Art ( Muzeul Naţional de Artă Contemporană, or MNAC, in Romanian) is a Contemporary art It is also often used as a convention centre.

Another well-known landmark of Bucharest is Arcul de Triumf (The Triumphal Arch), built in 1935 and modeled after the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Arcul de Triumf is a Triumphal arch located in the northern part of Bucharest, on the Kiseleff Road. The Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris, France that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle also known as the Place de l'Étoile. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city A newer landmark of the city is the Memorial of Rebirth, a stylized marble pillar unveiled in 2005 to commemorate the victims of the Romanian Revolution of 1989, which overthrew Communism. Controversy Despite a commonly-acknowledged need for a memorial commemorating Romania's 1989 revolution the monument sparked a significant amount of controversy when it was The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of increasingly violent riots and fighting in late December 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae The abstract monument sparked a great deal of controversy when it was unveiled, being dubbed with names such as "the toothpick and the olive", ("măslina-n scobitoare"), as many argued that it does not fit in its surroundings and believed that its choice was based on political reasons. ^[25]

The Romanian Athaeneum building is considered to be a symbol of Romanian culture and since 2007 is on the list of the Label of European Heritage sights. The Romanian Athenaeum ^[26]

Other cultural venues include the National Museum of Art, Museum of Natural History "Grigore Antipa", Museum of the Romanian Peasant (Muzeul Ţăranului Român), National History Museum, and the Military Museum.

Visual arts

In terms of visual arts, the city contains a number of museums featuring both classical and contemporary Romanian art, as well as selected international works. The National Museum of Art of Romania (Muzeul Naţional de Artă al României is located in the former royal palace in Revolution Square, central Bucharest The visual arts are art forms that focus on the creation of works which are primarily Visual in nature such as Painting, Photography The National Museum of Art of Romania is perhaps the best-known of Bucharest museums. The National Museum of Art of Romania (Muzeul Naţional de Artă al României is located in the former royal palace in Revolution Square, central Bucharest It is located in the former royal palace and features extensive collections of medieval and modern Romanian art, including works by renowned sculptor Constantin Brâncuşi, as well as a prominent international collection assembled by the former Romanian royal family. Constantin Brâncuşi, ( February 19, 1876 &ndash March 16, 1957) konstanˈtin brɨnˈkuʃʲ was an internationally renowned Romanian

Other, smaller museums, contain more specialised collections of works. The Zambaccian Museum, which is situated in the former home of Armenian-Romanian art collector Krikor H. The Zambaccian Museum in Bucharest, Romania is a museum in the former home of Krikor Zambaccian (1889 &ndash1962 an Armenian businessman Zambaccian contains works by many well-known Romanian artists as well as international artists such as Paul Cézanne, Eugène Delacroix, Henri Matisse, Camille Pissarro and Pablo Picasso. Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 &ndash 13 August 1863 was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954 was a French Artist, known for his use of Colour and his fluid brilliant and original draughtsmanship Camille Pissarro ( July 10 1830 &ndash November 13 1903) was a French Impressionist painter. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973

The Gheorghe Tattarescu Museum contains portraits of Romanian revolutionaries in exile such as Gheorghe Magheru, Ştefan Golescu, Nicolae Bălcescu and allegorical compositions with revolutionary (Romania's rebirth, 1849) and patriotic (The Principalities' Unification, 1857) themes. Gheorghe Tattarescu (October 1818 - October 24 1894) was a Moldavian born Romanian painter and a pioneer of Neoclassicism General Gheorghe Magheru (1802 Bârzeiul de Gilort, Gorj County &mdash March 23, 1880) was a Romanian revolutionary and soldier Ştefan Golescu (1809&mdash1874 was a Wallachian Romanian politician who served as a Prime Minister of Romania between 26 November Nicolae Bălcescu ( June 29, 1819 &mdash November 29, 1852) was a Romanian Wallachian soldier historian journalist Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the The Theodor Pallady Museum is situated in one of the oldest surviving merchant houses in Bucharest and includes many works by Romanian painter Theodor Pallady as well as a number of European and Oriental furniture pieces. The Theodor Pallady Museum is a museum situated in one of the oldest surviving merchant houses in Bucharest, Romania. Theodor Pallady ( April 11 1871, Iaşi &mdash August 16 1956, Bucharest) was a Romanian painter The Museum of Art Collections contains the collections of a number of well-known Romanian art aficionados, including Krikor Zambaccian and Theodor Pallady. The Museum of Art Collections is a branch of the National Museum of Art of Romania and is situated in Bucharest.

Despite the extensive classical art galleries and museums in the city, there is also a contemporary arts scene that has become increasingly prominent in recent times. The National Museum of Contemporary Art (MNAC), situated in a wing of the Palace of the Parliament, was opened in 2004 and contains a widespread collection of Romanian and international contemporary art, in a number of expressive forms. The Palace of the Parliament (Palatul Parlamentului in Bucharest, Romania is a multi-purpose building containing both chambers of the Romanian Parliament The MNAC also manages the Kalinderu MediaLab, which caters specifically to multimedia and experimental art. There is also a range of smaller, private art galleries throughout the city centre.

Performing arts

Performing arts are one of the strongest cultural elements of Bucharest, and the city has a number of world-renowned facilities and institutions. The National Theatre Bucharest (Teatrul Naţional " Ion Luca Caragiale " Bucureşti is the national theatre of Romania, located in the capital Bucharest The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence The most prominent is the neoclassical Romanian Athenaeum, which was founded in 1852, hosts classical music concerts, the George Enescu Festival, and is home to the "George Enescu" Philharmonic. The Romanian Athenaeum George Enescu (pronunciation in Romanian: /'ʤěorʤe e'nesku/ known in France as Georges Enesco) ( August 19 1881, Liveni &ndash George Enescu (pronunciation in Romanian: /'ʤěorʤe e'nesku/ known in France as Georges Enesco) ( August 19 1881, Liveni &ndash Bucharest is also home to the Romanian National Opera, as well as the I.L. Caragiale National Theatre. The Romanian National Opera ( Opera Naţională in Romanian) is the national Opera of Romania, situated in a historical building in Bucharest The National Theatre Bucharest (Teatrul Naţional " Ion Luca Caragiale " Bucureşti is the national theatre of Romania, located in the capital Bucharest Another well-known theatre in Bucharest is the State Jewish Theatre, which has gained increasing prominence in recent years due partly to the fact that it features plays starring world-renowned Romanian-Jewish actress Maia Morgenstern. Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat (TES the State Jewish Theater) in Bucharest, Romania is a theater specializing in Jewish related plays Maia Morgenstern (b May 1, 1962) is a Romanian film and stage actress described by Florin Mitu of AMOS News as "a symbol of Romanian theater and film" There is also a large number of smaller theatres throughout the city that cater to specific genres, such as the Comedy Theatre, the Nottara Theatre, the Bulandra Theatre, the Odeon Theatre, and the Constantin Tănase Revue Theatre. Constantin Tănase ( July 5, 1880 &ndash August 29, 1945) was a Romanian actor and writer for stage a key figure in the

Music and nightlife

Bucharest is home to Romania's largest recording labels, and is often the residence of Romanian musicians. Tower Center International is a class A office building in Bucharest. The city's music scene is quite eclectic. Eclecticism is used to describe the combination in a single work of elements from different historical styles Many Romanian rock bands of the 1970s and 1980s, such as Iris and Holograf, continue to be popular, particularly with the middle-aged, while since the 1990s there has been growth in the boy band and hip hop genres. IRIS is a well known Romanian Hard rock band It was established in 1977 by Ioan Dumitrescu (drums Ion Olteanu (lead solo guitar and vocals and Emil Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with The eclectic pop-rock band Taxi have been gaining international respect, as has Spitalul de Urgenţă's raucous updating of traditional Romanian music. There are other music bands named Taxi. ---- Taxi are a Romanian pop-rock band Spitalul de Urgenţă, literally "Emergency Hospital" is a Romanian pop band integrating elements of traditional Romanian music into a sometimes While many discos play manele, a Turkish-influenced type of music that is particularly popular in Bucharest's working class districts, the city has an increasing jazz and blues scene, and, to an extent, eurodance/trance and heavy metal/punk. A discothèque, diskoˈtɛk̚ compare the Spanish "discoteca" is an Entertainment venue or Club with recorded music played by "Discaires" Manele (singular manea) is a Music style from the Balkans, mainly derived from Turkish Greek Arab or Serbian love songs Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Eurodance is a subgenre of Electronic dance music originating in the early 1990s. Trance is a style of Electronic dance music that developed in the 1990s The city's nightlife, particularly its club scene grew significantly in the 1990s, and continues to increase. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark The city does not have a central nightlife strip, with many entertainment venues dispersed throughout the city centre, with a cluster in the historical centre. One of the city's best known clubs is the Lăptăria Enache and the La Motoare, located above (on the rooftop of) the National Theatre, as well as Fire Club and Club A. Lăptăria Enache (literally "Enache's Milkbar" also sometimes known as Lăptăria lui Enache, "Enache's Milkbar" is one of the leading bars in Bucharest Most clubs and bars are located around the center of the city, from the Piaţa Unirii to Piaţa Romană. Piaţa Unirii (meaning "Union Square" in Romanian) is one of the largest squares in central Bucharest, located in center of the city where Sectors Piaţa Romană (meaning " Roman Square" in Romanian) is a major traffic intersection in Sector 1, central Bucharest. Also, a large concentration of rock clubs can be found in the Lipscani area, the old part of the city, in the vicinity of Piata Unirii. Lipscani is a street and a district of Bucharest, Romania, which in the Middle Ages was the most important commercial center of Bucharest and the whole Another popular venue, especially among students from the Politehnica University campus, is Club Maxx, located on Splaiul Independentei No. 290.

The city also hosts some of the best electronic/house music clubs in Europe such as Bamboo and Krystal Club. During the summer, Zoom Beach Club is an outdoor club on the shore of a lake and has two separate dance floors. The Office is one of the most exclusive clubs in Bucharest and has a long tradition in clubbing. One of the best cocktail clubs is Deja Vu situated on Balcescu Boulevard Near the Italian church. Other clubs are: Gaia, Fratelli, Glamour, Tipsy, Cotton Club, Pat, Studio Martin and Embryo.

Traditional culture

Bucharest's culture has, especially since the early 1990s, become more modern and worldly in comparison to other Romanian cities. The National Museum of Romanian History (Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României is a museum on Calea Victoriei in Bucharest, Romania, which contains Romanian Traditional Romanian culture, however, continues to have an influence in domains such as theatre and music. Additionally, Bucharest has two internationally-renowned ethnographic museums, the Museum of the Romanian Peasant and the open-air Village Museum. Ethnography ( Greek ethnos = people and graphein = writing is a genre of writing that uses Fieldwork to provide a descriptive The Museum of the Romanian Peasant (Muzeul Ţăranului Român is a Museum in Bucharest, Romania, with a collection of Textiles (especially The Village Museum ( Muzeul Satului in Romanian) is an open-air ethnographic museum located in the Herăstrău Park ( Bucharest, Romania The Village Museum, in Herăstrău Park, contains 272 authentic buildings and peasant farms from all over Romania. Herăstrău Park (Parcul Herăstrău) is a large Park on the northern side of Bucharest, Romania, around Lake Herăstrău. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant was declared the European Museum of the Year in 1996, and displays a rich collection of textiles (especially costumes), icons, ceramics, and other artifacts of Romanian peasant life.

The Museum of Romanian History is another important museum in Bucharest, containing a collection of artefacts detailing Romanian history and culture from the prehistoric times, Dacian era, medieval times and the modern era. The National Museum of Romanian History (Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României is a museum on Calea Victoriei in Bucharest, Romania, which contains Romanian Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae "

Cultural events and festivals

There are a number of cultural festivals in Bucharest throughout the year, in various domains, even though most festivals take place in the summer months of June, July and August. George Enescu (pronunciation in Romanian: /'ʤěorʤe e'nesku/ known in France as Georges Enesco) ( August 19 1881, Liveni &ndash The National Opera organises the International Opera Festival every year in May and June, which includes ensembles and orchestras from all over the world. The Romanian Athaeneum Society hosts the George Enescu Classical Music Festival at various locations throughout the city in September every year. George Enescu (pronunciation in Romanian: /'ʤěorʤe e'nesku/ known in France as Georges Enesco) ( August 19 1881, Liveni &ndash Additionally, the Museum of the Romanian Peasant and the Village Museum organise a number of events throughout the year showcasing Romanian folk arts and crafts.

In the 2000s, due to the growing prominence of the Chinese community in Bucharest, several Chinese cultural events have taken place. The first officially-organised Chinese festival was the Chinese New Year's Eve Festival of February 2005 which took place in Nichita Stănescu Park and was organised by the Bucharest City Hall. ^[27] In 2005, Bucharest was the first city in Southeastern Europe to host the international CowParade, which resulted in dozens of decorated cow sculptures being placed at various points across the city. CowParade is an international Public art exhibit that has been featured in major cities all over the world

Since 2005 Bucharest has its own contemporary art biennale, the Bucharest Biennale. The Bucharest Biennale (full name Bucharest International Biennial for Contemporary Art) is a contemporary art festival held every two years in Bucharest The current (2006) issue (curated by Zsolt Pétranyi) will go on until the end of June, the next edition will be in 2008.

The 2000s also saw an increasing visibility of Bucharest gay culture, with the opening of the Queen's Club, the first LGBT club in the city, in 2001, and the launch of the annual Bucharest GayFest in 2004. Poliamory pride in San Francisco 2004jpg|thumb|Representatives of the Polyamory community at a San Francisco parade LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual GayFest is the annual Gay pride festival of Bucharest, Romania, which first took place in 2004 and now occurs in May-June of each year lasting The city's first gay pride parade was held as part of the 2005 GayFest.

Architecture

Bucharest's architecture is highly eclectic due to the many influences on the city throughout its history. Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single Paradigm or set of assumptions but instead draws upon multiple theories styles or ideas to The city centre is a mixture of medieval, neoclassical and art nouveau buildings, as well as 'neo-Romanian' buildings dating from the beginning of the 20th century and a remarkable collection of modern buildings from the 30s and 40s. Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Very present as well the mostly-utilitarian Communist-era architecture. The city is lately invaded by contemporary structures such as skyscrapers and office buildings, mainly constructed after 2000.

Historical architecture

Of the city's medieval architecture, most of what survived into modern times was destroyed by the Communists and replaced by high-rise apartment blocks. The Romanian Athenaeum The Museum of the Romanian Peasant (Muzeul Ţăranului Român is a Museum in Bucharest, Romania, with a collection of Textiles (especially Creţulescu Palace ( Palatul Creţulescu in Romanian, alternative spelling "Kretzulescu" is a historic building near the Cişmigiu Gardens Still, some historical precincts remain, the most notable of which is the Lipscani area. Lipscani is a street and a district of Bucharest, Romania, which in the Middle Ages was the most important commercial center of Bucharest and the whole This precinct contains buildings such as Manuc's Inn and the ruins of the Curtea Veche (the Old Court of the King), and during the Middle Ages was the heart of Bucharest's commercial world. Manuc's Inn (Hanul lui Manuc was until it was recently shut for refurbishment the oldest operating hotel building in Bucharest, Romania; it also housed a restaurant Curtea Veche (the Old Princely Court) built as a place or residence during the rule of Vlad III Dracula in the 15th century, now operates as a museum From the 1970s onwards, the area went through urban decline, and many historical buildings fell into disrepair. In 2005, the Lipscani area was entirely pedestrianised and is currently undergoing restoration.

The city centre has also retained architecture from the late 19th century and early 20th century, particularly the interwar period, which is often seen as the "golden age" of Bucharest architecture. During this time, the city grew significantly in size and sought to emulate other large European capitals such as Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Much of the architecture of the time belongs to a remarkably strong Modern (rationalist) Architecture current, led by Horia Creanga and Marcel Iancu, which managed to literally change the face of the city. Marcel Janco ( May 24, 1895 &ndash April 21, 1984) was a Romanian born Israeli painter and architect and one of the founders Two notable buildings from this time are the Creţulescu Palace, currently housing cultural institutions including UNESCO's European Centre for Higher Education, and the Cotroceni Palace, the current residence of the Romanian President. Creţulescu Palace ( Palatul Creţulescu in Romanian, alternative spelling "Kretzulescu" is a historic building near the Cişmigiu Gardens United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Cotroceni Palace is a palace of Bucharest which is the residence of the President of Romania, located at Bulevardul Geniului nr The President of Romania is the Head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a Two-round system for a five-year term (since 2004 Many large-scale constructions such as Gara de Nord, the main railway station, and the National Bank of Romania's headquarters, date from these times. Gara de Nord Bucureşti ( North Station in English is the main railway station in Bucharest and the largest railway station in Romania. The National Bank of Romania (Banca Naţională a României BNR is the Central bank of Romania and was established in April 1880 In the 2000s, a wide variety of historic buildings in the city centre underwent restoration. In some residential areas of the city, particularly the high-income northern suburbs, there are many turn-of-the-century villas, most of which were restored after 2000. Fin de siècle (fɑ̃ dɛ si'ɛːkl French for ‛end of the century‘ was a cultural movement between 1880 and the beginning of World War I.

Communist architecture

A major part of Bucharest's architecture is made up of buildings constructed during the Communist era replacing the historical architecture with "more efficient" high density apartment blocks - one-fifth of the city was demolished only for constructing the third largest building in the world: Casa Poporului - Palace of the Parliament. During the final few years of the presidency of Nicolae Ceauşescu, who ruled Romania from 1965 until 1989 significant portions of the historic center of Bucharest The Palace of the Parliament (Palatul Parlamentului in Bucharest, Romania is a multi-purpose building containing both chambers of the Romanian Parliament The Palace of the Parliament (Palatul Parlamentului in Bucharest, Romania is a multi-purpose building containing both chambers of the Romanian Parliament In Nicolae Ceauşescu's project of systematization many new buildings were built in previously-historical areas, which were razed and then built upon from scratch. Systematization in Romania refers to a program of Urban planning carried out under Nicolae Ceauşescu 's communist regime. During the final few years of the presidency of Nicolae Ceauşescu, who ruled Romania from 1965 until 1989 significant portions of the historic center of Bucharest One of the best examples of this type of architecture is Centrul Civic, a development that replaced a major part of Bucharest's historic city centre with giant utilitarian buildings, mainly with marble or travertine façades, inspired by North Korean architecture. Centrul Civic (literally "the Civic Center" is a portion of Bucharest, Romania which was completely rebuilt as part Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of Travertine is a Sedimentary rock. It is a natural chemical precipitate of Carbonate minerals; typically Aragonite, but often recrystallized to North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Communist-era architecture can also be found in Bucharest's residential districts, mainly in blocuri, which are high-density apartment blocks that house the majority of the city's population.

Since the fall of Communism in 1989, several Communist-era buildings have been refurbished, modernised and used for other purposes. The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of increasingly violent riots and fighting in late December 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae Perhaps the best example of this is the conversion of several agro-alimentary complexes into shopping malls and commercial centres. These giant circular halls, which were most often known as hunger circuses due to the food shortages experienced in the 1980s, were constructed during the Ceauşescu era to act as produce markets and refectories, although most were left unfinished at the time of the Revolution. " Hunger circus " (Circ al foamei was a colloquial name for any in a series of identical buildings which were to be completed as part of Nicolae Ceauşescu 's program Trapeza redirects here for the prehistoric Greek settlement see Trapeza Crete. Modern shopping malls like Bucharest Mall, Plaza Romania and City Mall emerged on pre-existent structures of former hunger circuses. The Bucureşti Mall is a Shopping mall located in Bucharest, Romania, close to the Dudeşti and Văcăreşti neighbourhoods The Plaza Romania is one of Romania 's largest shopping centres City Mall is a Shopping mall located in Eroii Revolutiei square Bucharest, Romania. Another example is the modernisation and conversion of a large utilitarian construction in Centrul Civic into a Marriott Hotel. Centrul Civic (literally "the Civic Center" is a portion of Bucharest, Romania which was completely rebuilt as part Marriott International Inc ( is a worldwide operator and Franchisor of a range of value and luxury Hotels and related Lodging facilities. This process was accelerated after 2000, when the city underwent a property boom, and many Communist-era buildings in the city centre became prime real estate due to their location. In recent years, many Communist-era apartment blocks have also been refurbished to improve the city's urban appearance.

Contemporary architecture

The newest contribution to Bucharest's architecture took place after the fall of Communism, and particularly after 2000, when the city went through a period of urban renewal – and architectural revitalization – on the back of Romania's economic boom. See also Serviciul Român de Informaţii The Securitate ( Romanian for Security; official full name Departamentul Securităţii Statului Bucharest Financial Plaza is a class A office building in Bucharest. Buildings from this time are mostly made out of glass and steel, and often have more than fifteen storeys. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Examples include shopping malls (particularly the Bucharest Mall, a conversion and extension of an abandoned building), office buildings, bank headquarters, the Bucharest World Trade Center and the Chamber of Commerce, which lies on the banks of the Dâmboviţa. The Bucureşti Mall is a Shopping mall located in Bucharest, Romania, close to the Dudeşti and Văcăreşti neighbourhoods The Bucharest World Trade Center is a business centre in Bucharest, Romania. A chamber of commerce (also referred to in some circles as a board of trade) is a form of Business network. The Dâmboviţa River is a river in Romania. It starts at the junction of Headwaters Valea Vladului and Boarcăşu, having its source in As of 2005, there is a significant number of office buildings in construction, particularly in the northern and eastern parts of the city. Additionally, there has been a trend in recent years to add modern wings and façades to historic buildings, the most prominent example of which is the Bucharest Architects' Association Building, which is a modern glass-and-steel construction built inside a historic stone façade. A facade or façade (fəˈsɑːd is generally one side of the exterior of a Building, especially the front but also sometimes the sides and rear Aside from buildings used for business and institutions, various new residential developments are currently underway, many of which consist of modern high-rise buildings with a glass exterior, surrounded by American-style residential communities. These developments are increasingly prominent in the northern suburbs of the city, which are less densely-populated and are home to middle- and upper-class Bucharesters due to the process of gentrification. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class

Gallery

University of Bucharest. The University of Bucharest (Universitatea din Bucureşti in Romania, is a University founded in 1864 by Decree of Prince Alexander John Cuza	The University of Bucharest Library	The Unirii Square fountain	George Enescu Museum - The Cantacuzino Palace
Bucharest avenue	The Cotroceni Palace	In Front of the Palace of the Parliament	Modern architecture on the banks of Dâmboviţa River
Bucharest Financial Plaza Tower	Herăstrău Park	Nicolae Balcesco Boulevard by night	The Cişmigiu Gardens
The old city center of Bucharest	Stavropoleos street, with the CEC Palace in the background	Stavropoleos Church, built in 1724	Statue of Ion Heliade Rădulescu in University Square
The Palace of the Parliament from above	Statue of Iuliu Maniu in Revolution Square	Howard Johnson Hotel	InterContinental Hotel
Bancpost Tower	Millenium Bussiness Center	Trade Center	Museum of the Romanian Peasant
Manuc's Inn	Romanian National Opera	The House of the Free Press	Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral
Radu Vodă Orthodox Monastery	Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies	Polytechnic University of Bucharest

Media

Bucharest is the most important centre for Romanian mass media, since it is the headquarters of all the national television networks as well as national newspapers and radio stations. The University of Bucharest (Universitatea din Bucureşti in Romania, is a University founded in 1864 by Decree of Prince Alexander John Cuza Piaţa Unirii (meaning "Union Square" in Romanian) is one of the largest squares in central Bucharest, located in center of the city where Sectors George Enescu (pronunciation in Romanian: /'ʤěorʤe e'nesku/ known in France as Georges Enesco) ( August 19 1881, Liveni &ndash The Cantacuzino ( Cantacuzène) family has its origins in the Byzantine Empire Cotroceni Palace is a palace of Bucharest which is the residence of the President of Romania, located at Bulevardul Geniului nr The Palace of the Parliament (Palatul Parlamentului in Bucharest, Romania is a multi-purpose building containing both chambers of the Romanian Parliament The Dâmboviţa River is a river in Romania. It starts at the junction of Headwaters Valea Vladului and Boarcăşu, having its source in Herăstrău Park (Parcul Herăstrău) is a large Park on the northern side of Bucharest, Romania, around Lake Herăstrău. Landmarks The Rondul Român ("Romanian Round" or Rotonda Scriitorilor ("Writers' Rotunda" is a circular alley which has stone busts of Stavropoleos Church ( Romanian: Biserica Stavropoleos) is an Eastern Orthodox Church, built in Brâncovenesc style, in central Stavropoleos Church ( Romanian: Biserica Stavropoleos) is an Eastern Orthodox Church, built in Brâncovenesc style, in central Ion Heliade Rădulescu or Ion Heliade (also known as Eliad or Eliade Rădulescu;; January 6, 1802 &ndash April 27, University Square (Piaţa Universităţii is located in downtown Bucharest, near the University of Bucharest. The Palace of the Parliament (Palatul Parlamentului in Bucharest, Romania is a multi-purpose building containing both chambers of the Romanian Parliament Iuliu Maniu ( January 8, 1873 &mdash February 5, 1953) was an Romanian politician Revolution Square (Piaţa Revoluţiei is a square in central Bucharest, on Calea Victoriei. Howard Johnson Hotel Bucharest is a 70 m high five star hotel in Bucharest. InterConinental is a brand of upscale luxury Hotels originally founded by Pan Am, under Juan Trippe, and now owned by InterContinental Hotels Group Bancpost is a Romanian bank based in Bucharest and a member of EFG Eurobank-Ergasias Group. Casa Presei Libere (The House of the Free Press is a building in northern Bucharest, Romania, the highest one in the city until 2007 The largest daily newspapers in Bucharest include Evenimentul Zilei, Jurnalul Naţional, Cotidianul, România Liberă, Adevărul, Gardianul and Gândul. Evenimentul Zilei is one of the leading Newspapers in Romania. Jurnalul Naţional is a Romanian newspaper part of the Intact media group led by Dan Voiculescu, which also includes the popular TV station Cotidianul is a Romanian newspaper published Monday to Saturday in Berliner format România Liberă ( Romanian: Free Romania) is one of the leading Newspapers in Romania. Adevărul ( The Truth) is a Romanian newspaper based in Bucharest. Gardianul ("The Guardian" is a Romanian daily Newspaper published in Bucharest. Gândul ('gɨndul "The Thought" is a Romanian daily newspaper published in Bucharest. During the rush hours, tabloid newspapers Libertatea and Ziarul are very popular for commuters. A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest Libertatea ( The Liberty in Romanian) is a Romanian tabloid newspaper published in Bucharest. Ziarul is a Romanian daily newspaper published in Bucharest.

A significant number of newspapers and media publications are based in Casa Presei Libere (The House of the Free Press) a landmark of northern Bucharest, originally named Casa Scânteii after the Communist-era official newspaper Scînteia. Casa Presei Libere (The House of the Free Press is a building in northern Bucharest, Romania, the highest one in the city until 2007 Casa Presei Libere is not the only Bucharest landmark that grew out of the media and communications industry. Palatul Telefoanelor ("the telephone palace") was the first major modernist building on Calea Victoriei in the city's center, and the massive, unfinished communist-era Casa Radio looms over a park a block away from the Opera. Palatul Telefoanelor ("the Telephone Palace" is an Art deco style building in Bucharest, Romania. Casa Radio is an unfinished Romanian building in Bucharest, near Cotroceni, on the shore of the Dâmboviţa River.

English-language media became available in Bucharest in the 1990s, and has become increasingly prominent since 2000. There are two daily English-language newspapers, Bucharest Daily News and Nine O' Clock, as well as numerous other magazines. Bucharest Daily News was an English-language Newspaper operating out of the Romanian capital city Bucharest, and was frequently cited as a source by the Nine O' Clock is a Romanian English-language Newspaper. Founded in 1991 it consisted only of 4 pages when it was launched but has since then A number of publications in other languages are also available, such as the Hungarian-language daily Új Magyar Szó. Új Magyar Szó ( New Hungarian Word) is a Hungarian-language Romanian broadsheet newspaper based in Bucharest.

Observator Cultural covers the city's arts, and the free weekly Şapte Seri ("Seven Evenings") and B24FUN lists entertainments of all sorts. Observator Cultural ("The Cultural Observer" is a Literary magazine based in Bucharest, Romania. Şapte Seri ("Seven Evenings" is a free leaflet-sized weekly magazine about goings-on in Bucharest, Romania. The city is also home to the intellectual journal Dilema and the satire magazine Academia Caţavencu, as well as the usual array of commercial magazines one would find in any European capital. Dilema veche ("The Old Dilemma " is a prominent Romanian weekly journal of culture Criticism and opinion Academia Caţavencu ("The Caţavencu Academy" is a Romanian satirical magazine founded in 1991, and made famous by its Investigative journalism

Bucharest is the host city of the fourth edition of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2006. The Junior Eurovision Song Contest ( sometimes known as Junior Eurovision or JESC is an international song contest which has been organised by the European Broadcasting Union

Sports

Football (soccer) is the most widely-followed sport in Bucharest, with the city having various club teams that are known throughout Europe. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Four football teams of Bucharest participate in Liga 1 (League 1), formerly Divizia A, the top division in the Romanian football league:

Club	Founded	Stadium	Notes
FC Sportul Studenţesc	1916	Regie Stadium	Oldest established local team Playing in the 2nd League from 2006 to present
FC Rapid	1923	Giuleşti Stadium	The first Romanian team in a European cup final (Mitropa Cup, 1940, was not played because of WWII) The only team to win 6 times in a row the Romanian Cup (1936-1942) Won the Romanian Championship 3 times, the Romanian Cup 13 times, and the Romanian SuperCup 4 times. "Divizia A" redirects here Liga is the official name of the top division of the Romanian football league system. FC Sportul Studenţesc Bucureşti is a Romanian football club that was established in 1916 (making it one of the oldest Romanian clubs still active Current format Liga II has two parallel regional (West - East division each with 18 teams Fotbal Club Rapid Bucureşti is a Romanian Football club. It was founded in 1923 by a group of workers of the Griviţa workshops under the name of "Cultural The Mitropa Cup, officially called the La Coupe de l'Europe Centrale was one of the first really international major European football cups for club sides World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Sponsorship On July 22, 2005, FRF and Samsung Electronics signed a one-year sponsorship deal
Progresul Bucuresti	1944	Cotroceni Stadium	Playing in the 2nd League from 2007 to present
FC Steaua	1947	Ghencea Stadium	Winner of the 1986 European Champion Clubs Cup and European Super Cup Won the Romanian Championship 23 times, the Romanian Cup 20 times, and the Romanian SuperCup 5 times. FC Progresul Bucureşti is a Romanian football club playing in Liga II. Current format Liga II has two parallel regional (West - East division each with 18 teams FC Steaua Bucureşti is a Romanian professional football club from Ghenceasouth-west Bucharest. See also List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League winners The UEFA Champions League, which evolved from the European Champion Clubs' Cup is a seasonal club The European Super Cup ( UEFA Super Cup) is at stake in an annual football game between the reigning champions of the UEFA Cup and the Champions
FC Dinamo	1948	Dinamo Stadium	The first Romanian team to participate in European Champion Clubs Cup (1956) The first Romanian team to reach the semifinals of the European Champion Clubs Cup (1983-1984 season) Won the Romanian Championship 18 times, and the Romanian Cup 12 times

The Lia Manoliu Stadium is the largest stadium in Romania (capacity: 60,120). See also List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League winners The UEFA Champions League, which evolved from the European Champion Clubs' Cup is a seasonal club See also List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League winners The UEFA Champions League, which evolved from the European Champion Clubs' Cup is a seasonal club The Lia Manoliu Stadium ( Stadionul Lia Manoliu in Romanian) was a multi-use Stadium in Bucharest, Romania. The Lia Manoliu Stadium ( Stadionul Lia Manoliu in Romanian) was a multi-use Stadium in Bucharest, Romania. Also there are sport centers, like Dinamo Sports Park and the National Sports Center.

There are also a number of sport clubs for ice hockey, rugby union, basketball, handball, water polo and volleyball. Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, or Olympic handball) is a Team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six Water polo is a team water sport A team consists of six field players and one Goalkeeper. Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet The majority of Romanian track and field athletes, boxers, and a great number of gymnasts are affiliated with clubs in Bucharest. The Athletics and many Gymnastics National Championships are held in Bucharest, one main reason being the city's extensive sporting infrastructure.

Every autumn, Bucharest hosts BCR Open Romania international tennis tournament, which is included in the ATP Tour. Banca Comercială Română (Romanian Commercial Bank is the largest bank in Romania. The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP was formed in 1972 to protect the interests of male professional Tennis players Also, the Romanian Davis Cup Team usually plays its matches in Bucharest, either outdoors at the BNR Arena or indoor at the Sala Polivalentă. The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's Tennis. Sala Polivalentă is a multi-purpose hall in Bucharest, Romania, located in Tineretului Park. Ice hockey games are held at the Mihai Flamaropol hall, which holds 8,000 spectators.

For the 2007 season, Bucharest will host a round of the FIA GT Championship at the new Bucharest Ring, on May 20. The 2007 FIA GT Championship season was the 11th season of FIA GT Championship. The FIA GT Championship is a Sports car racing series organized by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO at the behest of the Fédération Internationale de The Bucharest Ring (Bucharestring is a street race track in the Romanian capital city of Bucharest. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held It is now known as the Bucharest City Challenge^[28]

Portrayal in film and fiction

• The American novel The Historian by Elizabeth Kostova focuses on Romanian history and the story of Dracula, following one of the main characters who travels to Bucharest and Romania during the 1930s. The Historian is a 2005 Novel by Elizabeth Kostova about a Quest, reaching through the past five centuries for the historical Vlad
• The British writer Olivia Manning set part of her Fortunes of War novel series in Bucharest during World War II. Olivia Manning is also the name of the wife of Archie Manning and mother of Eli and Peyton Manning. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
• The American-produced Romanian-language documentary Children Underground (2001) ^[29] portrays the lives of homeless children in Bucharest. Children Underground is a 2001 Documentary film directed by Edet Belzberg.
• The James Bond video game "Agent Under Fire" features two driving levels through the city of Bucharest. James Bond 007 Agent Under Fire is a First-person shooter Video game based on the James Bond franchise
• The Romanian-language film Filantropica ("Philanthropy", 2002) ^[30] gives a satiric portrayal of the city and of many strata of its life. Filantropica (alternate spellings Philantropica, Philantropy, Philantropique) is a 2002 Romanian
• The English-language film The Wild Dogs (2002) ^[31] gives a more uniformly bleak portrait of the city.
• The English-dubbed film Entre chiens et loups (2002) ^[32] features various parts of the city, suburbs & night-spots as a backdrop to a French action movie.
• Wesley Snipes starred in 7 Seconds (2005), an action flick filmed entirely on location in Bucharest. Wesley Trent Snipes (born July 31, 1962) is an American Actor, Film producer, and Martial artist. ^[33] The film features the city's varied architecture.
• Historic Communist Bucharest was depicted in Jack Chick's first comic book, "Operation Bucharest", first published in 1974. Jack Thomas Chick (born April 13, 1924) is an American Publisher, writer and comic book artist, and has been called the most published It is loosely based on a Baptist Ministry called "Couriers For Christ" based there.
• The film adaptation of the novel Blood and Chocolate was set in Bucharest. Blood & Chocolate is a 2007 film directed by Katja von Garnier, produced by Lakeshore Entertainment and distributed by MGM.
• The French film 'Ils' (2006) was set in Bucharest, based on real events. ^[34]
• The 1991 vampire film Subspecies, which was produced by Full Moon Features, was the first American film to be filmed in Bucharest. Subspecies is an American Direct-to-video, horror Film series produced by Full Moon Studios. Full Moon Features is a motion picture production and distribution company headed by B-movie veteran Charles Band. ^[35]
• An episode of MacGyver ("Humanity"; Season 6, airdate September 24, 1990) took place in Bucharest. MacGyver is an American Adventure Television series, produced in the United States and Canada, about the laid-back Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar)
• Blood and Chocolate a film based on the book by Annette Curtis Clause starring Hugo Dancy and is set in Bucharest.

Sister cities

Bucharest has 14 sister cities, including Istanbul, Budapest, London, Moscow, Sofia and the 8 below:

Country	City	Date
Canada	Montreal
China	Beijing	2005
Cyprus	Nicosia	2004
Greece	Athens	1993
Jordan	Amman	1999
Republic of Moldova	Chişinău
Turkey	Ankara
United States	Atlanta	1994
Syria	Damascus

See also

• List of Bucharesters (important personalities born in Bucharest)
• List of buildings in Bucharest (important buildings in Bucharest)
• Coat of arms of Bucharest

Notes

References

• Webcam Live in Bucharest
• Modern history of Bucharest, City Hall of Bucharest
• Public transport in Bucharest, InYourPocket Bucharest, 2005
• Şerban Cantacuzino, Două Oraşe Distincte. Revista Secolul XX 4/6 (1997): 11–40
• Ernie Schoffham, Luminiţa MacHedon, Şerban Cantacuzino, Romanian Modernism: The Architecture of Bucharest, 1920-1940
• Romania: Arts & Architecture, Romanian Tourist Office
• Tatiana Murzin, Romanian Education, 2005
• Romanian Education Portal, Site for the Ministry of Education containing lists of all educational establishments.
• Overview of Bucharest, Fodor's Travel Guide
• Bucharest, the small Paris of the East, on the Museums from Romania web site.
• Bucica, Cristina. Legitimating Power in Capital Cities: Bucharest - Continuity Through Radical Change?PDF (39. 0 KiB), 2000. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International

External links

• Bucharest is at coordinates 44°25′00″N 26°06′00″E / 44.4167, 26.1 (Bucharest)Coordinates: 44°25′00″N 26°06′00″E / 44.4167, 26.1 (Bucharest)

Official sites

• Bucharest: Official administration site
• The Bucharest Prefecture
• RATB (Public Transport Company) official website
• Metrorex (Underground Transport Company) official website
• Bucharest Airport Henri Coanda
• Bucharest Airport Aurel Vlaicu
• (National Railway Company) official website
• (Railway Passenger Transport) official website
• (Romania Bus Passenger) official website
• City of Bucharest

City guides

• Bucharest travel guide from Wikitravel
• Bucharest Interactive map

Other

• Bucharest between the World Wars: A modernity with fringes, exhibition by the Centre of Excellence in Image Studies (CESI), of the University of Bucharest. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.
• Bucureştii - un oraş fară istorie ... ??!! / Bucurestiul - inainte de ... ("Bucharest - a city without history . . .  ??!! / Bucharest - before . . . "). Extensive collection of historical photos and drawings.
• Article on Building in Bucharest: The city where anything goes, From 'The Diplomat - Bucharest' magazine
• A red's white elephant 2005 National Review article by Anthony Daniels
• [1] Views from Bucharest
• Bucharest trolleybus

	Sectors of Bucharest
	Sector 1 | Sector 2 | Sector 3 | Sector 4 | Sector 5 | Sector 6

The Municipality of Bucharest (the capital of Romania) is divided into six administrative sectors ( sectoare in Romanian) each of which Sector 1 is a sector in Bucharest. It includes the northern part of the city centre as well as the northwestern districts of Băneasa and Pipera Sector 2 ( Sectorul 2 in Romanian) is a sector in Bucharest. Demographics Sector 2 is the city's most multicultural Sector 3 ( Sectorul 3 in Romanian) is a sector in Bucharest. Politics The mayor of the sector is Liviu Gheorghe Sector 4 is a sector in Bucharest. Politics The mayor of the sector is Cristian Popescu Piedone from the Conservative Party. Sector 5 ( Sectorul 5 in Romanian) is a sector in Bucharest. Politics The mayor of the sector is Marian Vanghelie Sector 6 ( Sectorul 6 in Romanian) is a sector in Bucharest.

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic