Bryges - Citizendia

Mount Cholomon, highlands in or near ancient Mygdonia.

Thessaloniki, location of ancient Mygdonia, Macedonian home of the Bryges. Mygdonia was an ancient territory part of Ancient Thrace, later conquered by Macedon, which comprised the plains around Therma ( Thessalonica

Bryges or Briges is the historical name given to a people of the Lusatian culture who moved into the Southern Balkans and, as was said by Herodotus,^[1] according to the Macedonians changed their name to 'Phruges/Phryges' (Phrygians) after crossing the Hellespont into Anatolia sometime between 1200 BC and 800 BC,^[2] a movement perhaps caused by the collapse of the late Bronze Age, particularly the fall of the Hittite Empire and the power vacuum that was created. The Lusatian culture existed in the later Bronze Age and early Iron Age ( 1300 BC - 500 BC) in eastern Germany, most of Poland Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash The Ancient Macedonians (Μακεδόνες Makedónes were an ancient tribe which inhabited the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmon and lower Axius, north In antiquity Phrygia (Φρυγία was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. See also Dardanelles Hellespont ( Turkish, Greek; ie "Sea of Helle" variously named in classical literature Hellespontium Pelagus The History of Anatolia encompasses the region known as Anatolia ( Turkish Anadolu) known by the Latin name of Asia Minor, considered to be The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for Hittites is the conventional English-language term for an ancient people who spoke an Indo-European language and established a kingdom centered in Hattusa In the Balkans, they occupied central Albania and northern Epirus,^[3] as well as Macedonia, mainly west of the Axios river, but also Mygdonia, which was conquered by the kingdom of Macedon in the early 5th century BC;^[4] they seem to have lived peacefully next to the inhabitants of Macedonia,^[2] however, Eugammon in his Telegony, drawing upon earlier epic traditions, mentions that Odysseus commanded the epirotan Thesprotians against the Bryges^[3]. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Epirus (from Ionic Greek Ήπειρος - Ēpeiros, Doric Greek: Ἅπειρος - Apeiros, in Albanian Macedonia is a Geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century Axios ( Greek Άξιος " is worthy" is an Acclamation that is made by the faithful Mygdonia was an ancient territory part of Ancient Thrace, later conquered by Macedon, which comprised the plains around Therma ( Thessalonica Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. Eugammon of Cyrene was an early Greek poet to whom the epic Telegony was ascribed The Telegony ( Greek:, Tēlegoneia; Latin: Telegonia) is a lost Ancient Greek epic poem about Telegonus Epirus (from Ionic Greek Ήπειρος - Ēpeiros, Doric Greek: Ἅπειρος - Apeiros, in Albanian The Thesprotians ( Greek: Θεσπρωτοί English: Thesprôti were an ancient Greek tribe of Thesprotis, akin to the Molossians Small groups of Bryges, after the migration to Anatolia and the expansion of the kingdom of Macedon, were still left in northern Pelagonia and around Epidamnus. Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most Herodotus also mentions that in 492 BC, some Thracian Brygoi or Brygians (Βρύγοι Θρήικες) fell upon the Persian camp by night, wounding Mardonius himself, though he went on with the campaign until he subdued them. Events By place Greece The first expedition of King Darius I of Persia against Greece commences "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity This page is about the historical figure for the Millipede Genus, see Mardonius (genus Mardonius (d ^[5] These Brygoi were later mentioned in Plutarch's Parallel Lives, in the Battle of Philippi, as camp servants of Brutus,^[6] though a link between them and the original Bryges can't be established. Plutarch 's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, commonly called Parallel Lives or Plutarch's Lives, is a series of The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (the Second Triumvirate Marcus Junius Brutus (85&ndash42 BC or Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus was a Roman senator of the late Roman Republic. ^[7]

1 Tribal Name and Origin
2 Language
3 Notes
4 See also

Tribal Name and Origin

The Bryges either owned their name as a prehistoric tribe located somewhere else, such as the plains of Asia, or they received it at their Mygdonian location or near it. There is no certain derivation for the name and tribal origin of the Bryges.

Bryg-onyms

Brygean islands in the supposed Adriatic delta of Istros, mentioned in Argonautica epic poem^[8]
Brygias or Brygium , city in Lychnitis palus^[9]
Brygos (son of Aphrodisios) eponym in Epidamnos/Dyrrhachion^[10]^[11]
Brygos (Attic Potter,5th c. A delta is a Landform where the mouth of a River flows into an Ocean, Sea, Estuary, Lake or another river The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Argonautica ( Greek:) is a Greek Epic poem written by Apollonius Rhodius in the 3rd century BCE. Ohrid (Охрид) is a city on the eastern shore of Lake Ohrid in the Republic of Macedonia. Brygos was an ancient Greek potter active in Athens between circa 490 and 470 BC Attica (Αττική Attikí;) is a periphery (subdivision in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece BC)
Brygindara^[12] (city), Brygindis (local Goddess), Brygindarios^[13] (citizen) in Rhodes island

Free Men

The Lexicographer Hesychius (5th c. Rhodes (Ρόδος Ródos, ˈɾo̞ðo̞s Rodi ردوس Rodos; Ladino: Rodi or Rodes) is a Greek island Hesychius of Alexandria (῾Ησύχιος ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς a Grammarian who flourished probably in the 5th century CE compiled the richest lexicon AD) relates that in the Indo-European, Anatolian lanuage of Lydians, neighbours of Phrygians, Βρίγες, Briges signified free men^[14]. The Anatolian languages are a group of extinct Indo-European languages which were spoken in Asia Minor, the best attested of them being the Hittite language Defining Lydia Aside from a legend related by Herodotus, who states that the name Lydia came from king Lydus at the time of the fall of Troy In antiquity Phrygia (Φρυγία was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. (Original Text : Ἰόβας δὲ ὑπὸ Λυδῶν <ἀπο>φαίνεται <βρίγα> λέγεσθαι τὸν ἐλεύθερον. "Juba (1th c. Juba II ( Iuba in Latin Ιóβας (Ιóβα or Ιουβας in Greek) or Juba II of Numidia (reigned 25 BC - 23 AD was a king BC) opines that (the) free (man) is called briga by Lydians". Defining Lydia Aside from a legend related by Herodotus, who states that the name Lydia came from king Lydus at the time of the fall of Troy

Highlanders

The "highland view" is that Bryges belong to the "highlander" synonymy of the Macedonia region. The definition of Macedonia is a major source of confusion and debate due to the overlapping use of the term to describe geographical political and historical areas languages Since 1844 Hermann Müller has related Bryges to German Berg (mountain) and Slavic Breg (hill, slope, mountain)^[15]

This view partially explains the similarity of the name to the names of distant tribes, such as the Celtic Brigantes, "highlanders" in that case, but a different highland and a different acquisition. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages The Brigantes were a Celtic tribe who in pre-Roman times controlled the largest section of Northern England and a significant part of the Midlands The highland etymology of the Brig-/Breg- class of Celtic names is venerable and focuses on the hilly, or mountainous regions of the Grampian Mountains, the Alps and the Pyrenees. This article is about a mountain range in Scotland for other uses see Grampians. The Pyrenees (Pirineos French: Pyrénées; Catalan: Pirineus; Occitan: Pirenèus; Aragonese: Perinés It was only a matter of time before a connection to the Bryges was made; for example, the Reverend Robert Owen postulating an ethnic substrate from Asia called the Kymry interprets Bryges as the same as Welsh brig-wyr, "hill-men. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic "^[16]

On the other hand, if Brigantes were named after the goddess Brigantia, a form of the Celtic goddess, Brigid, other cultural factors may have been operant; after all, the Phrygians, an Anatolian offshoot of the Bryges, were noted for their worship of Cybele, a to them mountain goddess. For other uses see Brigantia. Brigantia was a Goddess in Celtic ( Gallo-Roman and Romano-British) religion This article refers to the Pagan Goddess Brigid For the Catholic/Orthodox Saint of that name see Saint Brigid. In antiquity Phrygia (Φρυγία was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. The History of Anatolia encompasses the region known as Anatolia ( Turkish Anadolu) known by the Latin name of Asia Minor, considered to be Originally a Hittite and Phrygian Goddess, Cybele (Κυβέλη was a deification of the Earth Mother and was worshipped in

Neither the Kymry nor Brigit's status as a mountain goddess have stood the test of time. The linguist, Julius Pokorny, offered a derivation of many of the names from Indo-European *bhereĝh- "hoch, erhaben", English "high, elevated, noble, illustrious. Julius Pokorny ( 12 June 1887 – 8 April 1970) was a scholar of the Celtic languages, particularly Irish, and a supporter "^[17] The Brig-/Breg- forms must come from the zero-grade (drops the root -e-): *bhṛghu-, which is responsible for Armenian berj "altitude" and such names as Thracian Bergoulē,Berge and Illyrian Berginium. The Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times by the Thracians in South-Eastern Europe Lüleburgaz ( Thracian: Bergule, Bulgarian: Люлебургас, Greek: Αρκαδιούπολη / Arcadioupolis Berge ( Greek:Βέργη or Berga was a town in Bisaltia, Thrace, north-west of Amphipolis, colonized by Athenians in the The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans in former times by groups identified as Berginium was an Illyrian town,near to Servitium in present Bosnia and Herzegovina Pokorny mentions various others such as Gallic Brigantes, Germanic Burgundians, Pergamum,Perge and Bornholm but he happens to omit Bryges. The Burgundians or Burgundes were an East Germanic tribe which may have emigrated from mainland Scandinavia to the island of Bornholm, whose Perga, now commonly spelled "Perge" and pronounced "per-geh" was the capital of the then Pamphylia region which is in modern day Antalya province Bornholm (b̥ʌnˈhʌlˀm or [bɔʀnˈhɔlˀm]) ( Old Norse: Burgundarholm ' is a Danish Island in the Baltic Sea located

The history sources say that the Bryges substituted Phryges for Bryges on migrating to Anatolia. The History of Anatolia encompasses the region known as Anatolia ( Turkish Anadolu) known by the Latin name of Asia Minor, considered to be If this statement implies a linguistic change, and Bryges is "highlanders", then Armenian berj should not have retained the b, but other factors may have been effective.

Keepers of the sacred flame

On the eastern side connections between various identities of the Rig Veda and western tribes have been proposed, one of which is the Bhrigus. The Rigveda ( Sanskrit sa ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, a compound of ṛc "praise verse" and veda "knowledge" Maharishi Bhrigu was one of the seven great sages one of the Saptarshis in ancient India one of many Prajapatis (the facilitators of Creation created by Brahma ^[18] They fought in the Battle of the Ten Kings and were the source of the Vedic fire-priests of the same name. The Battle of the Ten Kings ( dāśarājñá) is a battle alluded to in Mandala 7 of the Rigveda (hymns 18 33 and 83 Their most likely etymology is the Sanskrit root *bhrij-, "to burn, roast", having especially to do with lightening. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical ^[19] According to Lanman^[20] the etymology is the same as that of English flame, from Indo-European *bhel- "to shine, flash, burn. "^[21] Noting that Greek phrugein, "to parch", comes from this root^[20] and that Brigid is a goddess of fire, one is tempted into a far-flung speculation of an Indo-European synonymy based on the worship of fire, which would include a large number of tribal names meaning "bright", such possibly as Hellenes. This article refers to the Pagan Goddess Brigid For the Catholic/Orthodox Saint of that name see Saint Brigid. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Apart from more limited connections the validating research remains to be performed.

Brigands

An alternative for Brigid is the goddess of war, Old Irish brīg and others from Celtic *brig-, from which English brigand, brigantine and brig. This article refers to the Pagan Goddess Brigid For the Catholic/Orthodox Saint of that name see Saint Brigid. Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Irish language, or rather the Goidelic languages, for which extensive written texts are possessed Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts ^[22] The root is the same as for the highland interpretation, but instead of the landforms being great the people are. "Warriors" would be one translation, as the people are great in war (which is consonant with the reputation of the Macedonians), but there is also a connotation of brigandage. The alternative etymology of the Dorians as the "people of the spear" (doru) would be relevant in this case. The Dorians or Dorian Greeks ( Greek:, Dōrieis singular, Dōrieus were

Language

The Phrygian language was most likely close to Thracian, Armenian and Greek^[23]. "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly

Notes

^ Herodotus 7.73
^ ^a ^b Borza, Eugene N. (1990). In the Shadow of Olympus: the Emergence of Macedon. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
^ ^a ^b Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen (1973). The Cambridge Ancient History, Part 2, The Middle East and the Aegean Region c.1380-1000 BC. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
^ Thucydides 2.99
^ Herodotus 6.45
^ Plutarch, The Parallel Lives -Brutus
^ Wilkes, J. J. (1992). The Illyrians. Blackwell Publishing.
^ The Argonautika by Apollonios Rhodios- Peter Green[1]
^ The Classical Gazetteer: A Dictionary of Ancient Geography, Sacred and Profane by William Hazlitt[2]
^ Epigraphical Database
^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith[3]
^ The Dorian Aegean By Elizabeth M. Craik[4]
^ Rhodes in Ancient Times By Cecil Torr[5]
^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith, Mahmoud Saba Phrygia
^ Das nordische Griechenthum und die urgeschichtliche Bedeutung des Nordwestlichen Europas by Hermann Müller (p. 228)[6]
^ Owen, Rev. Robert (1891). The Kymry: Their Origin, History and International Relations. Carmarthen: W. Spurrell and Son, page 230.
^ Pokorny, Julius. Indogermanisches Etymologisches Woerterbuch pages 140-141. University of Leiden. Do a search on Page 140. The notes are German-language but with German dictionary the English-only speaker should be able to translate the brief entries.
^ Johnson, Linda (1999). The Living Goddess: Reclaiming the Tradition of the Mother of the Universe. Saint Paul, Minnesota: Yes International Publishers, page 76. ISBN 0936663286.
^ Ragozin, Zenaide A. (2005). Vedic India as Embodied Principally in the Rig-Veda. Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing, page 364. ISBN 1417944633.
^ ^a ^b Lanman, Charles (1955). Charles Rockwell Lanman ( July 8 1850 &ndash February 20 1941) was an American scholar of the Sanskrit language. A Sanskrit Reader: Text and Vocabulary and Notes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, page 209 under *bhrāj-.
^ bhel-(1). The American Heritage Dictionary: Appendx I: Indo-European Roots.
^ Partridge, Eric (1983). Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. New York: Greenwich House, Under Brigade. ISBN 0-517-414252.
^ The Phrygian Language An ancient language of Western Anatolia. 8th century BC to 2nd century AD. Old Phrygian from 8th - 3rd centuries BC, in distinct alphabet, related to Greek; later texts in Greek alphabet.

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