| Bryansk (English) Брянск (Russian) |
|
|---|---|
  Location of Bryansk on the map of Russia
|
|
| Coordinates Coordinates: |
|
| Coat of Arms | |
.gif/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bryansk_(Bryansk_oblast).gif) |
|
| City Day: September 17 | |
| Administrative status | |
| Federal subject In jurisdiction of Administrative center of |
Bryansk Oblast Bryansk Oblast Bryansk Oblast |
| Local self-government | |
| Charter | |
| Municipal status | Urban okrug |
| Head | Igor Alyokhin |
| Legislative body | |
| Area | |
| Area | 186 km² (71. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Russia is a Federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal Bryansk Oblast (Бря́нская о́бласть Bryanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Bryansk Oblast (Бря́нская о́бласть Bryanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Bryansk Oblast (Бря́нская о́бласть Bryanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) A charter is the grant of authority or rights stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified Being the largest country in the world spanning a large percentage of Eurasia, and one of the most populated Russia is divided into several types and levels of A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 8 sq mi) |
| Population (as of the 2002 Census) | |
| Population - Rank - Density |
431,526 inhabitants 2,320/km² (6,008. Russia 's area is about 17 million square kilometers (65 million sq Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried This is a list of cities and towns in Russia with population over 50000 grouped by federal subject and sorted by population Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/sq mi) |
| Events | |
| Founded | 985 |
| Town status | 1146 |
| Liberated from Germans | September 17, 1943 |
| Other information | |
| Postal code | 241 |
| Dialing code | +7 4832 |
| Official website | |
| http://www.admin.bryansk.ru | |
Bryansk (Russian: Брянск) is a city in Russia, located 379 km southwest from Moscow. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of It is the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast. Bryansk Oblast (Бря́нская о́бласть Bryanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Population: 431,526 (2002 Census). Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried
Contents |
History
The first written mention of Bryansk was in 1146, in the Hypatian Codex, as Debryansk (appears variously as Дъбряньск, Дьбряньск, and in other spellings). The Hypatian Codex ( Hypatian Chronicle, Ipatiev Chronicle, Ипатьевская летопись is a compendium of three Chronicles Primary Chronicle [1] Its name is derived from "дъбръ", a Slavic word for "ditch", "lowland" or "dense woodland"[2][3]; the area was known for its dense woods, брянские леса, of which very little remains today. Local authorities and archaeologists, however, believe that the town had existed as early as 985 as a fortified settlement on the right bank of the Desna River. Desna (Десна is a River in Russia and Ukraine, left Tributary of the Dnieper.
Bryansk remained poorly attested until the Mongol invasion of Russia. The Mongol invasion of Rus' was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223 between Subutai 's reconnaissance unit and the combined force It was the northernmost of the Severian cities in the possession of the Chernigov Rurikids. Severia (Северщина Severshchina; Сіверія or Сіверщина translit Chernihiv, also referred to as Chernigov (Чернігів Чернигов Чарнігаў is a historic city in northern Ukraine. The Rurik Dynasty was the ruling Dynasty of Kievan Rus', the successor Russian principalities and early united Russia, from 862 to 1598 After Mikhail of Chernigov was murdered by the Mongols and his capital was destroyed, his son moved his seat to Bryansk. Mikhail Vsevolodovich (Михаил Всеволодович (1179? &ndash September 20, 1246) was the last prominent ruler of Kiev from the bloodline In 1310, when the Mongols sacked the town again, it belonged to the principality of Smolensk. Smolensk (Смоленск is a city in western Russia, located on the Dnieper River, the administrative centre of Smolensk Oblast.
Olgierd of Lithuania acquired Bryansk through inheritance in 1356 and gave it to his son, Dmitry the Elder. Algirdas, (ɑlgərdɑːs known as Olgierd Альгерд Ольгерд b Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Dmitry I Starshy or Dmitry of Bryansk (Dmitrijus Algirdaitis died on 12 August 1399 in the Battle of the Vorskla River) was the second eldest Until the end of the century, the town was contested between Jogaila, Vytautas, Švitrigaila, and George of Smolensk. Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. Vytautas the Great ( Lithuanian:; Vitaŭt; Latin: Alexander Vitoldus; Witold Ruthenian: Vitovt; c Švitrigaila (ca 1370 – 10 February 1452) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1430 to 1432 Yury Svyatoslavich or Georgy Svyatoslavovich (Юрий Святославович or Георгий Святославович was the last sovereign ruler of Smolensk
Great Duchy of Moscow conquered Bryansk following the Battle of Vedrosha in 1503. The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое княжество Московское was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and Battle of Vedrosha was one of the greatest Battles in the medieval history of Russia. The town was turned into a fortress which played a major role during the Time of Troubles. For the Dungeons & Dragons plotline see Time of Troubles (Forgotten Realms. Peter the Great incorporated Bryansk into the Kiev governorate, but Catherine the Great deemed it wise to transfer the town to the Oryol guberniya in 1779. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years History While there are no historical records archaeological evidence proves that a fortress settlement existed between the Oka and Orlik Rivers as early as the 12th century Guberniya (губе́рния) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually She also promulgated the town's coat of arms.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, the economy of Bryansk, which had become a regional trading center, was based on the Svenskaya fair, the largest in Western Russia. The fair was held annually under the auspices of the Svensky Monastery. Svensky Monastery (Russian Свенский монастырь is a Russian Orthodox Monastery located at the confluence of the Desna and Svin After canon and ammunition started to be manufactured there for the Imperial Russian Navy in 1783, Bryansk evolved from a regional market town into an important industrial center for metallurgy and textiles. The Imperial Russian Navy refers to the Tsarist Fleets prior to the Bolshevik Revolution. Metallurgy is a domain of Materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. The city's population exceeded 30,000 by 1917.
In 1918 the Belarusian People's Republic claimed Bryansk, but the town was taken by Bolshevik forces in 1919. The Belarusian People's Republic (Белару́ская Наро́дная Рэспу́бліка bʲeɫa'ruskaja na'rodnaja rɛs'publʲika translit The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction During the World War II, Bryansk was occupied by the Germans (from October 6, 1941 to September 17, 1943) and the city was heavily damaged by fighting. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. About 60,000 Soviet partisans were active in and around Bryansk, inflicting heavy losses on the German army. The Soviet partisans were members of a Resistance movement which fought a Guerrilla war against the Axis occupation of the Soviet Union Soon after its liberation, Bryansk became the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast (1944). Bryansk Oblast (Бря́нская о́бласть Bryanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast)
Modern city
Today Bryansk is an important center for steel and machinery manufacturing, and is home to many large factories. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity Railway wagons and locomotives are important products. A wagon (in British English, sometimes waggon) or dray is a heavy four-wheeled Vehicle. Bryansk also has two universities, three theatres and a technical academy. The city and the region was mildly affected by Chernobyl accident. The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear reactor accident in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Soviet Union. The city has a developed Trolley bus network and is a hub of several road and rail connections.
Russian cosmonaut Viktor M. Afanasyev, shot put athlete Svetlana Krivelyova, and sculptor and the architect Naum Gabo were born in Bryansk. Viktor Mikhailovich Afanasyev (Виктор Михайлович Афанасьев is a colonel in the Russian Air Force, who is also a test Cosmonaut of the Yu The shot put is an Athletics (track and field event involving "putting" (throwing in a pushing motion a heavy Svetlana Vladimirovna Krivelyova ( Russian: Светлана Владимировна Кривелёва born June 13, 1969 in Bryansk, An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction Naum Gabo KBE, born Naum Neemia Pevsner ( August 5 1890 - August 23 1977) was a prominent Russian sculptor Bulgarian communist leader Stanke Dimitrov (Marek) died in an aviation accident near the city. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Stefan Dimitrov Todorov (Стефан Димитров Тодоров ( 5 February 1889, Dupnitsa &ndash 26 August 1944, Bryansk An aviation accident is defined in the International Civil Aviation Organization Annex 13
External links
- (Russian) Official website of the city
- (Russian) History of Bryansk on the website of the regional administration
- (Russian) Unecha - towns in Bryansk Oblast
- (English) Google Maps Satellite Image
References
- ^ Hypatian Codex
- ^ Черных П. Я. : Историко-этимологический словарь современного русского языка. Москва, Русский язык-Медиа, 2004
- ^ Смолицкая Г. П. : Топонимический словарь Центральной России. Москва, Армада-пресс, 2002
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic