"Paintbrush" redirects here. For other uses, see Paintbrush (disambiguation).

"Bottle brush" redirects here. For the tree, see Callistemon. Bottlebrush ( Callistemon) is a Genus with 34 species of Shrubs in the family Myrtaceae.

The term brush refers to devices with bristles, wire or other filaments, used for cleaning, grooming hair, make up making painting, deburring and other kinds of surface finishing, and for many other purposes. A bristle is a stiff Hair or Feather. Also used are synthetic materials such as nylon or straw in items such as brooms and sweepers Cleanliness is the absence of dirt including Dust, Stains bad smells and Garbage. Hair is a keratinised protein filament that grows through the epidermis from follicles deep within the Dermis. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e

Configurations include twisted-in wire (for example the brushes used to clean baby feeding bottles), cylinders, and disks (with bristles spread in one face or radially).

A common way of setting the bristle in the brush is the staple or anchor set brush, in which the filament is forced with a staple by the middle into a hole with a special driver and held there by the pressure against the walls of the hole and the portions of the staple nailed to the bottom of the hole. The staple can be substituted with a kind of anchor, which is a piece of rectangular profile wire that, instead of nailing itself to the bottom of hole, is anchored to the wall of the hole, like in most toothbrushes. Another way to attach the bristles to the surface can be found in the fused brush, in which instead of being inserted into a hole, a plastic fiber is welded to another plastic surface, giving the additional advantage of optionally using different diameters of tufts in the same brush, and a considerably thinner surface (sometimes the bristles can be set this way to the outer surface of a plastic bottle).

Contents 1 Brushes for cleaning 2 Paintbrushes 2.1 Brush care 2.2 Sizes and materials 2.2.1 Decorators' brushes 2.2.2 Artists' brushes

Brushes for cleaning

Brushes used for cleaning come in various sizes, such as very small brushes for cleaning a fine instrument, toothbrushes, the household version that usually comes with a dustpan, or the broomstick. The toothbrush is an instrument consisting of a small Brush on a handle used to clean Teeth through Tooth brushing. A broom is a Cleaning Tool consisting of stiff fibres attached to and roughly parallel to a cylindrical handle, the broomstick. Hallbrooms are even larger and are used for cleaning large areas. Cleaning brushes also include brushes for cleaning vegetables, cleaning the toilet, washing glass, finishing tiles, and sanding doors. A toilet brush is a domestic implement designed for the cleaning of the lavatory pan usually in conjunction with Toilet cleaner or Bleach.

Paintbrushes

Paintbrushes are used for applying ink or paint. An ink is a Liquid containing various Pigments and/or Dyes used for coloring a surface to produce an Image, text, or Paint is any Liquid, liquifiable or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque Solid These are usually made by clamping the bristles to a handle with a ferrule. A ferrule (a corruption of Latin viriola "small bracelet" under the influence of ferrum "iron

Short handled brushes are for watercolor or ink painting while the long handled brushes are for oil or acrylic paint. The styles of brush tip seen most commonly are:

• Round: Long closely arranged bristles for detail
• Flat: For spreading paint quickly and evenly over a surface. They will have longer hairs than their Bright counterpart.
• Bright: Flat brushes with short stiff bristles, good for driving paint into the weave of a canvas in thinner paint applications, as well as thicker painting styles like impasto work. In English the borrowed Italian word impasto most commonly refers to a technique used in Painting, where Paint is laid on an area of the surface (or the entire
• Filbert: Flat brushes with domed ends. They allow good coverage and the ability to perform some detail work.
• Fan: For blending broad areas of paint.
• Angle: Like the Filbert, these are versatile and can be applied in both general painting application as well as some detail work.
• Mop: A larger format brush with a rounded edge for broad soft paint application as well as for getting thinner glazes over existing drying layers of paint without damaging lower layers.
• Rigger: Round brushes with longish hairs, traditionally used for painting the rigging in pictures of ships. They are useful for fine lines and are versatile for both oils and watercolors.

Some other styles of brush include:

• Sumi: Similar in style to certain watercolor brushes, with a generally thick wooden or bamboo handle and a broad soft hair brush that when wetted should form a fine tip.
• Hake: An Asian style of brush with a large broad wooden handle and an extremely fine soft hair used in counterpoint to traditional Sumi brushes for covering large areas. Often made of goat hair.
• Spotter: Round brushes with just a few short bristles. These brushes are commonly used in spotting photographic prints.

Brush care

• A natural/artificial hair brush utilized in one medium (oil paint, acrylic, watercolor, etc. A bristle is a stiff Hair or Feather. Also used are synthetic materials such as nylon or straw in items such as brooms and sweepers ) should not be used again in a different medium, unless the nature of each medium and accompanying solvent affects the hairs of the brushes differently. Using brushes across mediums can cause them to age prematurely. This information does not apply to synthetic hair brushes.

• Paint and solvent residue should be cleaned from brushes after use. After removing most of the paint from the bristles manually with an appropriate solvent, detergent and water should be used to clean the brush further. After a thorough cleaning, natural hair brushes benefit from using a brush conditioner on the hairs to restore oils. A conditioner can be worked into the bristles which can then be shaped to a point and left to dry. Before the next painting session, the conditioner should be removed with water.

• Brushes should not be left bristle-end down in solvent for a prolonged period. Doing so will cause distress to the brush shape and may cause the bristles to splay out and lose their shape. Methods of suspending brushes in solvent include a metal spring, a mesh or a clamp. These grip brush handles and do not allow the bristles of the brush to touch the bottom of the solvent container. Also, leaving brushes in solvent for a prolonged period can cause damage to the bristles themselves by stripping oils and swelling, to the ferrule, to the adhesive used to hold bristles in place, and to the wooden handle.

• An environmentally friendly way of removing oil paint from brushes while paint is wet is to immerse the brush in a container containing vegetable oil. The oil will naturally cleanse away the oil paint.

Sizes and materials

Decorators' brushes

The sizes of brushes used for painting and decorating is given in mm or inches, referring to the width of the head.

Common sizes are:

• ⅛ in, ¼ in, ⅜ in, ½ in, ⅝ in, ¾ in, ⅞ in, 1 in, 1¼ in, 1½ in, 2 in, 2½ in, 3 in, 3½ in, 4 in.

• 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm.

Bristles may be natural or synthetic. Natural bristles are preferred for oil-based paints and varnishes, while synthetic brushes are better for water-based paints as the bristles do not expand when wetted.

Handles may be wood or plastic; ferrules are metal (usually nickel-plated steel). Nickel (ˈnɪkəl is a metallic Chemical element with the symbol Ni and Atomic number 28 Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0

Artists' brushes

Artists' brushes are usually given numbered sizes, although there is no exact standard for their physical dimensions. The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating

From smallest to largest, the sizes are:

• 10/0, 7/0 (also written 0000000), 6/0, 5/0, 4/0, 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 30. Brushes as fine as 30/0 are manufactured by major companies, but are not a common size.

Sizes 000 to 20 are most common.

Artists' brushes are most commonly categorized by type and by shape.

Types include: watercolor brushes which are usually made of sable, synthetic sable or nylon; oil painting brushes which are usually made of sable or bristle; and acrylic brushes which are almost entirely nylon or synthetic. Watercolor ( US) or Watercolour ( UK) (and "aquarelle" in French is a Painting method SABLE is an XML Markup language used to annotate texts for Speech synthesis. Overview Nylon is a Thermoplastic silky material first used commercially in a nylon- Bristled Toothbrush (1938 followed more famously by Oil paint is a type of slow-drying Paint consisting of small Pigment particles suspended in a Drying oil. Acrylic paint is fast-drying Paint containing pigment suspended in an acrylic polymer Emulsion. Synthetic fibers are the result of extensive research by Scientists to improve upon naturally occurring Animal and plant Turpentine or thinners used in oil painting can destroy some types of synthetic brushes. Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine oil of turpentine wood turpentine gum turpentine is a fluid obtained by the Distillation of Resin obtained from trees A paint thinner is a Solvent used to thin oil-based paints or as a cleaning agent However, innovations in synthetic bristle technology have produced solvent resistant synthetic bristles suitable for use in all mediums. Natural hair, squirrel, badger or sable are used by watercolorists due to their superior ability to absorb and hold water.

Shapes include rounds (pointed), flats, brights (shorter than flats) and filbert. Other shapes include stipplers (short, stubby rounds), deer-foot stipplers, liners (elongated rounds), daggers, scripts (highly elongated rounds), egberts and fans.

Bristles may be natural — either soft hair or hog bristle — or synthetic. Pigs, also called hogs or' swine', are Ungulates which have been domesticated as sources of food leather and similar products since ancient times

• Soft hair brushes are made from Kolinsky sable or ox hair (sabeline); or more rarely, squirrel, pony, goat, mongoose or badger. A Kolinsky sable -hair brush (also known as red sable or sable hair brush) is a fine Artists Brush. Oxen (singular ox) are Cattle trained as draft animals. Often they are adult castrated males A squirrel is one of the many small or medium-sized Rodents in the family Sciuridae. A pony is a small Horse with a specific conformation and temperament The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe A mongoose (plural mongooses) is a member of the family Herpestidae (although also used for some members of Eupleridae) a family of small Badger is the Common name for any animal of three subfamilies which belong to the family Mustelidae: the same Mammal family as the Cheaper hair is sometimes called camel hair, although it does not come from camels. Camels are Even-toed ungulates within the Genus Camelus. The Dromedary, one-humped or Arabian camel has a single hump and the
• Hog bristle (often called china bristle or Chunking bristle) is stiffer and stronger than soft hair. It may be bleached or unbleached.
• Synthetic bristles are made of special multi-diameter extruded nylon filament. Overview Nylon is a Thermoplastic silky material first used commercially in a nylon- Bristled Toothbrush (1938 followed more famously by

Artists' brush handles are commonly wooden but can also be made of molded plastic. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products Many mass-produced handles are made of unfinished raw wood; better quality handles are of seasoned hardwood. The wood is sealed and lacquered to give the handle a high-gloss, waterproof finish that reduces soiling and swelling. In a general sense lacquer is a clear or coloured Varnish, that dries by solvent evaporation and often a curing process as well that produces a hard durable finish in any

Metal ferrules may be of aluminum, nickel, copper, or nickel-plated steel. WikipediaNaming Nickel (ˈnɪkəl is a metallic Chemical element with the symbol Ni and Atomic number 28 Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Quill ferrules are also found: these give a different "feel" to the brush. Quill is a high level object oriented Programming language created by the Dutch software company Quintiq. The top of the range brushes, however, usually have ferrules made from transparent plastic tightened in place by thin wire.

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