| Saint Bruno of Cologne | |
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| Confessor | |
| Born | c. 1030, Cologne |
| Died | October 6, 1101 |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholicism |
| Feast | October 6 |
| Attributes | skull that he holds and contemplates, with a book and a cross, Carthusian habit |
| Patronage | Calabria, trade marks |
 Saints Portal |
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Saint Bruno of Cologne (Cologne, c. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Christianity has used symbols from its very beginnings Each Saint has a story and a reason why he or she led an exemplary life Skull symbolism is the attachment of symbolic meaning to the human Skull. A Book is a set or collection of written printed illustrated or blank sheets made of Paper, Parchment, or other material usually fastened together The Christian cross is the best-known Religious symbol of Christianity. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Calabria ( Latin: Brutium) is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual 1030 – October 6, 1101), the founder of the Carthusian Order, personally founded the order's first two communities. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus The Carthusian Order, also called the Order of St Bruno, is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics. He was a celebrated teacher at Reims, France and a close advisor of his former pupil, Pope Urban II. Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Pope
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Remembered for his eloquence
His funeral elegies celebrate his eloquence, his poetic, philosophical, and theological talents; and his merit as a teacher is reflected in the merits of his pupils, amongst whom were Eudes of Châtillon, afterwards Pope Urban II, Rangier, Cardinal Bishop of Reggio, Robert, Bishop of Langres, and a large number of prelates and abbots. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Pope A prelate is a high-ranking member of the Clergy who either is an Ordinary or ranks in precedence with ordinaries The word abbot, meaning Father, is a title given to the head of a Monastery in various traditions including Christianity.
Chancellor to the diocese of Reims
In 1075 Bruno was appointed chancellor to the Diocese of Reims, which involved him in the daily administration of the diocese. Meanwhile the pious Bishop Gervais de Château-du-Loir, a friend to Bruno, had been succeeded by Manasses de Gournai, a violent aristocrat with no real vocation for the Church. Gervais de Château-du-Loir (1007-1067 was a French nobleman bishop and a powerful figure of his time in Northern France In 1077, at the urging of Bruno and the clergy at Reims, de Gournai was suspended at a council at Autun. Autun is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in Burgundy in eastern France. He responded, in typical 11th century fashion, by having his retainers pull down the houses of his accusers; he confiscated their goods, sold their benefices, and even appealed to the pope. Bruno discreetly avoided the cathedral city until in 1080 a definite sentence, confirmed by popular riot, compelled Manasses to withdraw and take refuge with the Emperor Henry IV, the fierce opponent of the ambitious current papacy of Gregory VII. Henry IV ( November 11, 1050 &ndash August 7, 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until Pope
Refused to become a Bishop
Upon the verge of being made bishop himself, Bruno instead followed a vow he had made to renounce secular concerns and withdraw, along with two of his friends, Raoul and Fulcius, also canons of Reims. Vincenzo Carducci (in Spanish, sometimes Vicencio or Vicente Carducho; 1568&ndash1638 was an Italian painter The Museo del Prado is a Museum and Art gallery located in Madrid, the capital of Spain.
Bruno's first thought on leaving Reims seems to have been to place himself and his companions under the direction of an eminent solitary, Saint Robert, who had recently (1075) settled at Sèche-Fontaine, near Molesme in the Diocese of Langres, together with a band of other hermits, who were later on (in 1098) to form the Cistercian Order. Saint Robert of Molesme (c 1028 &ndash 1111 was a Christian Saint and Abbot, one of the founders of the Cistercian Order in France Molesme is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. A hermit (from the Greek ἔρημος erēmos, signifying " Desert " "uninhabited" hence "desert-dweller" adjective "eremitic" But he soon found that this was not his vocation. After a short stay he went with six of his companions to Saint Hugh of Châteauneuf, Bishop of Grenoble. Saint Hugh of Châteauneuf (1052&ndash April 1 1132) was the Bishop of Grenoble from 1080 to his death The bishop, according to the pious legend, had recently had a vision of these men, under a chaplet of seven stars, and he installed them himself in 1084 in a mountainous and uninhabited spot in the lower Alps of the Dauphiné, in a place named "Chartreuse", not far from Grenoble. The Dauphiné or Dauphiné Viennois is a former province in southeastern France, roughly corresponding to the present departments ' of the The Grande Chartreuse is the head Monastery of the Carthusian order. Grenoble is a city and commune in south-east France situated at the foot of the Alps where the Drac joins the Isère River. With St. Bruno were Landuin, Stephen of Bourg and Stephen of Die, canons of St. Rufus, and Hugh the Chaplain, and two laymen, Andrew and Guerin, who afterwards became the first lay brothers. In the most common usage lay brothers are those members of Catholic Religious orders particularly of monastic orders occupied primarily with manual labor and with
They built a little retreat where they lived isolated and in poverty, entirely occupied in prayer and study, for these men had a reputation for learning, and frequently honored by the visits of St. Hugh who became like one of themselves.
At the time, Bruno's pupil, Eudes of Châtillon, had become pope as Urban II (1088). Resolved to continue the work of reform commenced by Gregory VII, and being obliged to struggle against an antipope Guibert of Ravenna, and the Emperor Henry IV, he was in dire need of competent and devoted allies and called his former master to Rome in 1090. This article is about the Antipope Clement III see here for Pope Clement III.
It is difficult to assign the place which Bruno occupied in Rome, or his influence in contemporary events, because it remained entirely hidden and confidential. Lodged in the Lateran with the pope himself, privy to his most private councils, he worked as an advisor but wisely kept in the background, apart from the fiercely partisan rivalries in Rome and within the curia. Lateran and Laterano are the shared names of several architectural projects throughout Rome. Shortly after his arrival in Rome, the Papal party was forced to evacuate to the south by the arrival of Henry IV with his own antipope in tow.
In all the upheaval Bruno managed to efface the role he was playing in policy. He did not even attend the Council of Clermont, where Urban preached the First Crusade. The Council of Clermont was a mixed Synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, which was held on November 27 1095 at Clermont France The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of conquering the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and freeing He seems to have been present at the Council of Benevento (March, 1091). The Council of Benevento may mean one of a number of Councils or more accurately in some cases Synods of the Roman Catholic Church His part in history is effaced.
During the voyage south, the former professor of Reims attracted attention in Reggio Calabria, which had just lost its archbishop Arnulph (1090). Reggio di Calabria (Italian pronunciation /ˈrɛʤo ˌdikaˈlabrja/ Calabrian dialect: Rìggiu, Greek-Calabrian: Righi, Greek: The Pope and Roger Guiscard, the Norman Duke of Apulia, strongly approved of the election and pressed Bruno to accept it. Roger Borsa (1060/1061&ndash February 22, 1111) was the son and successor of Robert Guiscard, the Norman conqueror of Southern Italy The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. Apulia ( Italian: Puglia) is a region in southeastern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east the Ionian Sea Bruno side-stepped the offer, which he guided to one of his former pupils nearby at a Benedictine abbey near Salerno. Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in Salerno is a town in southern Italy, capital of the province of the same name in the region of Campania. Instead Bruno begged to return again to his solitary life. His intention was to rejoin his brethren in Dauphiné, as a letter addressed to them makes clear. But the will of Urban II kept him in Italy, near the papal court, to which he could be called at need.
The place chosen in 1091 for his new retreat by Bruno and some followers who had joined him was in the Diocese of Squillace, in a small forested high valley, where the band constructed a little wooden chapel and cabins. The Italian Catholic diocese of Calabria in Calabria existed until 1986 His patron there was Roger Guiscard, Count of Sicily and Calabria and uncle of the Duke of Apulia, who granted them the lands they occupied, and a close friendship developed. Roger I (1031 &ndash June 22, 1101) called Bosso and the Great Count, was the Norman Count of Sicily from 1071 to 1101 Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Calabria ( Latin: Brutium) is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of Bruno went to the Guiscard court at Mileto to visit the count in his sickness (1098 and 1101), and to baptize his son Roger (1097), the future King of Sicily. Mileto (Miletos is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about 60 km southwest Roger II ( 22 December 1095 &ndash 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his But more often Roger went into retreat with his friends, where he erected a simple house for himself. Through his generosity, the monastery of St. Stephen was built in 1095, near the original hermitage dedicated to the Virgin.
At the turn of the new century the friends of St. Bruno died one after the other: Urban II in 1099; Landuin, the prior of the Grande Chartreuse, his first companion, in 1100; Count Roger in 1101. The Grande Chartreuse is the head Monastery of the Carthusian order. Bruno followed October 6, 1101.
Bruno's legacy
After his death, the Carthusians of Calabria, following a frequent custom of the Middle Ages, dispatched a roll-bearer, a servant of the community laden with a long roll of parchment, hung round his neck, who travelled through Italy, France, Germany, and England. The Carthusian Order, also called the Order of St Bruno, is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics. stopping to announce the death of Bruno, and in return, the churches, communities, or chapters inscribed upon his roll, in prose or verse, the expression of their regrets, with promises of prayers. Many of these rolls have been preserved, but few are so extensive or so full of praise as that about St. Bruno. A hundred and seventy-eight witnesses, of whom many had known the deceased, celebrated the extent of his knowledge and the fruitfulness of his instruction. Strangers to him were above all struck by his great knowledge and talents. But his disciples praised his three chief virtues — his great spirit of prayer, an extreme mortification, and a devotion to the Blessed Virgin.
Both the churches built by him in the desert were dedicated to the Blessed Virgin: Our Lady of Casalibus in Dauphiné, Our Lady Della Torre in Calabria; and, faithful to his inspirations, the Carthusian Statutes proclaim the Mother of God the first and chief patron of all the houses of the order, whoever may be their particular patron. He is also the eponym for San Bruno Creek in California. San Bruno Creek (Spanish for "St Brun" is an intermittent stream that rises on the eastern slopes of the Northern Santa Cruz Mountains in San Mateo County California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.
Inscription in the Roman Calendar
Bruno was buried in the little cemetery of the hermitage of Santa Maria. In 1513 his bones were discovered with the epitaph "Haec sunt ossa magistri Brunonis" over them. Since the Carthusian Order maintains a strict observance of humility, Saint Bruno was never formally canonised. He was not included in the Tridentine Calendar, but in 1623 Pope Gregory XV included him in the Roman Catholic calendar of saints for celebration on 6 October. The Tridentine Calendar is the Calendar of saints to be honoured in the official Liturgy of the Roman Rite during the course of the Liturgical year Pope Gregory XV ( January 9 or January 15, 1554 – July 8, 1623) born Alessandro Ludovisi, was pope from 1621 succeeding For earlier forms of the General Roman Calendar see the Tridentine Calendar, the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus [1]
Saint Bruno has long been regarded the patron saint of Calabria. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Calabria ( Latin: Brutium) is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of
A writer as well as founder of his order, Saint Bruno composed commentaries on the Psalms and on the Epistles of Saint Paul. Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included The word " Epistle " is from the Greek word epistolos which means a written " letter " addressed to a recipient or recipients Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and Two letters of his also remain, his profession of faith, and a short elegy on contempt for the world which shows that he cultivated poetry. Bruno's Commentaries reveal that he knew a little Hebrew and Greek; he was familiar with the Fathers, especially Saint Augustine and Saint Ambrose. The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church Saint Ambrose (c 338 &ndash 4 April 397) was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the fourth century "His style", says Dom Rivet, "is concise, clear, nervous and simple, and his Latin as good as could be expected of that century: it would be difficult to find a composition of this kind at once more solid and more luminous, more concise and more clear".
In Catholic art, Saint Bruno can be recognized by a skull that he holds and contemplates, with a book and a cross. Skull symbolism is the attachment of symbolic meaning to the human Skull. The Christian cross is the best-known Religious symbol of Christianity. He may be crowned with a halo of seven stars; or with a roll bearing the device O Bonitas. A halo (ἅλως also known as a nimbus, Aureole, glory, or gloriole) is a ring of light that surrounds a person in art A star is a massive luminous ball of plasma. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the Energy on Earth A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people
References
- ^ Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 105
External links
- Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Bruno
- International Fellowship of St. Bruno
- Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica
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