Bruno Walter (September 15, 1876 – February 17, 1962) was a German-born conductor and composer. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance He was born in Berlin, but moved to several countries between 1933 and 1939, finally settling in the United States in 1939. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the He was born Bruno Schlesinger but began using Walter as his surname in 1896, and officially upon becoming naturalised in Austria in 1911. Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
Contents |
Biography
Born near Alexanderplatz in Berlin to a middle-class Jewish family, Bruno Schlesinger began his musical education at the Stern conservatory at the age of eight, making his first public appearance as a pianist when he was nine. is a large open square and public transport hub in the Berlin district of Mitte in the city centre near the river Spree and the Berliner Dom Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Stern Conservatory ( Stern'sches Konservatorium) was created in 1850 as an urban conservatory for music in Berlin by Julius Stern, Theodor Kullak A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra However, following visits to one of Hans von Bülow's concerts in 1889 and to Bayreuth in 1891, he changed his mind and decided upon a conducting career. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Hans Guido Freiherr von Bülow (January 8 1830 &ndash February 12 1894 Bayreuthfestjpg|thumb|350px|right|Bayreuth Festspielhaus as seen in 1882 He made his conducting début at the Cologne Opera with Lortzing's Waffenschmied in 1894. Gustav Albert Lortzing ( October 23, 1801 - January 21, 1851) was a German Composer, Actor and Singer Later that year he left for the Hamburg Opera to work as a chorus director, where he first met and worked with Gustav Mahler, whom he idolized and with whose music he would later be strongly identified.
In 1896 Schlesinger took a conducting position at the opera house in Breslau–a job found for him by Mahler. In his memoirs the conductor wrote that the director of this theater, Theodor Loewe, required that before taking up this position he change his name of Schlesinger, which literally means Silesian, "because of its frequent occurrence in the capital of Silesia",[1] although other sources attribute the change to a desire to make his name sound less Jewish. [2] (Note: It is often stated that Walter was his middle name and he merely dropped the surname Schlesinger. This is not true; he had no middle name and "Walter" had never been one of his names. ) In 1897, he took an opera-conducting position at Pressburg, and in 1898 he took one in Riga, Latvia. ARTICLE TEXT BEGINS AFTER THESE COMMENTS - PLEASE READ 1 Please do not edit the lead without reading Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Then Walter returned in 1900 to Berlin, where he assumed the post of Royal Prussian Conductor at the Staatsoper Unter den Linden , succeeding Franz Schalk; his colleagues there included Richard Strauss and Karl Muck. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Staatsoper Unter den Linden ( Berlin State Opera) is a prominent German Opera company WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> Franz Schalk ( 27 May 1863 &ndash 3 September 1931 Richard Georg Strauss (11 June 1864 &ndash 8 September 1949 was a German Composer of the late Romantic era and early modern era particularly noted WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Karl Muck ( October 22, 1859 &ndash March While at Berlin he also conducted the Berlin premiere of Der arme Heinrich by Hans Pfitzner, a composer who would become a lifelong friend of his. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Hans Erich Pfitzner ( May 5, 1869 &ndash May 22,
In 1901 Walter accepted Mahler's invitation to be his assistant at the Court Opera in Vienna. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Walter led Verdi's Aida at his debut. This article is about the marketing term AIDA For other uses of the term see Aida (disambiguation. In the following years Walter's conducting reputation soared as he was invited to conduct throughout Europe–in Prague, London where in 1910 he conducted Tristan und Isolde and Ethel Smyth's The Wreckers at Covent Garden and in Rome. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Tristan und Isolde ( Tristan and Isolde, or Tristan and Isolda) is an Opera, or Music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner Dame Ethel Mary Smyth, DBE ( 23 April 1858 &ndash 8 May 1944) was an English composer and a leader of the Women's WikipediaWikiProject Opera --> The Royal Opera House is an Opera house and major performing Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 A few months after Mahler's death in 1911, Walter led the first performance of Das Lied von der Erde in Munich, as well as Mahler's Symphony No. 9 in Vienna the next year. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The Symphony No 9 in D major by the Composer Gustav Mahler was written in 1909 and 1910 and was the last Symphony that he completed Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria.
Although Walter became an Austrian citizen in 1911, he left Vienna to become the Royal Bavarian Music Director in Munich in 1913. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich In January the next year Walter conducted his first concert in Moscow. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of During the First World War, he remained actively involved in conducting, giving premieres to Erich Wolfgang Korngold's Violanta and Der Ring des Polykrates as well as Pfitzner's Palestrina. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Erich Wolfgang Korngold ( May 29, 1897 &ndash November 29, 1957) was an Academy Award -winning 20th century Film and
Walter ended his appointment in Munich in 1922, and left for New York, the United States in 1923, working with the New York Symphony Orchestra in Carnegie Hall; he later conducted in Detroit, Minnesota and Boston. The New York Symphony Society was an Orchestra founded in New York City by Leopold Damrosch in 1878 Carnegie Hall (generally ˌkɑrnɨgi ˈhɔːl is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers
Back in Europe Walter was re-engaged for several appointments, including Berlin in 1925, as musical director at the Städtische Opera, Charlottenburg and Leipzig in 1929. This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong He made his debut at La Scala in 1926. The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was In London, Walter was chief conductor of the German seasons at Covent Garden from 1924 to 1931.
In his speeches in the late 1920s, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler complained bitterly about the presence of Jewish conductors at the Berlin opera, and mentioned Walter a number of times, adding to Walter's name the phrase, "alias Schlesinger. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately " (The matter is recounted in Alex Ross's 2007 book, The Rest Is Noise. Nelson Alexander "Alex" Ross (born January 22, 1970) is an American Comic book painter, Illustrator and ) In 1933, when the Nazis took power, they undertook a systematic process of barring Jews from artistic life. Walter left for Austria, which would remain the main center of activity for the next several years, although he was also a frequent guest conductor of the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra from 1934 to 1939, and made guest appearances such as in annual concerts with the New York Philharmonic from 1932 to 1936. The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (In Dutch: Koninklijk Concertgebouworkest) is the best-known and most respected Symphony orchestra of the The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active Symphony Orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842 In 1938, when Hitler annexed Austria in the Anschluss, Walter was at a recording session in Paris; France offered Walter citizenship, which he accepted. The ( German: "link-up" also known as the, was the 1938 Annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi (His daughter was in Vienna at the time, and was arrested by the Nazis; Walter was able to use his influence to free her. He also used his influence to find safe quarters for his brother and sister in Scandinavia during the war. )
On November 1, 1939, he set sail for the United States, which became his permanent home. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the He settled in Beverly Hills, California, where his many expatriate neighbors included the German writer Thomas Mann. An expatriate (in abbreviated form expat) is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of the person's upbringing Paul Thomas Mann ( June
While Walter had many influences within music, in his Of Music and Making (1957) he notes a profound influence from the philosopher Rudolf Steiner. Rudolf Steiner ( 25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian philosopher literary scholar educator artist playwright He notes, "In old age I have had the good fortune to be initiated into the world of anthroposophy and during the past few years to make a profound study of the teachings of Rudolf Steiner. Anthroposophy is a spiritual philosophy based on the teachings of Rudolf Steiner (25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925 which postulates the existence of an objective intellectually Here we see alive and in operation that deliverance of which Hoelderlin speaks; its blessing has flowed over me, and so this book is the confession of belief in anthroposophy. Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (ˈjoːhan ˈkrɪstiaːn ˈfriːdrɪç 'hœldərliːn in German March 20, 1770 &ndash June 6, 1843 There is no part of I my inward life that has not had new light shed upon it, or been stimulated, by the lofty teachings of Rudolf Steiner . . . I am profoundly grateful for having been so boundlessly enriched . . . It is glorious to become a learner again at my time of life. I have a sense of the rejuvenation of my whole being which gives strength and renewal to my musicianship, even to my music-making. "
During his years in the United States, Walter worked with many famous American orchestras, including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the NBC Symphony Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic (where he was musical adviser from 1947 to 1949, but declined an offer to be music director), and the Philadelphia Orchestra. The Chicago Symphony Orchestra ( CSO) is an American orchestra based in Chicago Illinois. The Los Angeles Philharmonic (LA Phil LAP or LAPO is an American Orchestra based in Los Angeles, California, United States The NBC Symphony Orchestra was a Radio orchestra established by David Sarnoff of the National Broadcasting Company especially for conductor Arturo The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active Symphony Orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842 The Philadelphia Orchestra is an Orchestra based in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, in the United States. From 1946 onwards, he made numerous trips back to Europe, becoming an important musical figure in the early years of the Edinburgh Festival and in Salzburg, Vienna and Munich. Edinburgh Festival is a collective term for several simultaneous arts and cultural Festivals which take place during August each year in Edinburgh, is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. His late life was marked by stereo recordings with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra. The Columbia Symphony Orchestra was an Orchestra formed by Columbia Records. He made his last live concert appearance on December 4, 1960 with the Los Angeles Philharmonic and pianist Van Cliburn. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Los Angeles Philharmonic (LA Phil LAP or LAPO is an American Orchestra based in Los Angeles, California, United States Harvey Lavan "Van" Cliburn Jr (b July 12, 1934) is an American Pianist who achieved worldwide recognition in 1958 when at age 23 His last recording was a series of Mozart overtures with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra at the end of March in 1961.
Bruno Walter died of a heart attack in his Beverly Hills home in 1962
Work
Recordings
Walter's work was documented on hundreds of recordings made between 1923 (when he was nearly 50) and 1961. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Most listeners became familiar with him through the stereo recordings made in his last few years, when his health was declining. But many critics agree that these recordings do not fully convey what Walter's art must have sounded like in its prime. For one thing, the late recordings sometimes have a geniality that contrasts with the more mercurial, intense, and energetic performances Walter recorded in earlier decades. For another, the late recordings focus mostly on music from Mozart through Mahler, but in Walter's youth he often conducted what was then newer music (including Mahler).
Walter worked closely with Mahler as an assistant and protege. Mahler did not live to perform his Das Lied von der Erde or Symphony No. 9, but his widow, Alma Mahler, asked Walter to premiere both. Das Lied von der Erde (" The Song of the Earth " is a large-scale work for two vocal soloists and orchestra by the Austrian Composer The Symphony No 9 in D major by the Composer Gustav Mahler was written in 1909 and 1910 and was the last Symphony that he completed Alma Maria Mahler-Werfel (born Schindler) (31 August 1879 &ndash 11 December 1964 was a Viennese-born socialite well known in her youth for her beauty and vivacity Walter led the first performance of Das Lied in 1911 in Munich and of the Ninth in 1912 in Vienna with the Vienna Philharmonic. Decades later, Walter and the Vienna Philharmonic (with Mahler's brother-in-law Arnold Rose still the concertmaster) made the first recordings of Das Lied von der Erde in 1936 and of the Ninth Symphony in 1938. Das Lied von der Erde (" The Song of the Earth " is a large-scale work for two vocal soloists and orchestra by the Austrian Composer The latter was recorded live in concert, two months before the Nazi Anschluss drove Walter (and Rose) into exile. These recordings are of special interest for the performance practices of the orchestra and also for intensity of expression. Walter was to re-record both works quite successfully in later decades. He recorded the Ninth in stereo in 1961, and one of his most cherished recordings is his 1951 Das Lied von der Erde with Kathleen Ferrier, Julius Patzak, and the Vienna Philharmonic. Das Lied von der Erde (" The Song of the Earth " is a large-scale work for two vocal soloists and orchestra by the Austrian Composer Kathleen Mary Ferrier CBE ( 22 April 1912 &ndash 8 October 1953) was an English Contralto Julius Patzak ( 9 April, 1898 &ndash 26 January, 1974) was an Austrian Tenor distinguished in operatic and concert work The Vienna Philharmonic (in German: die Wiener Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra in Austria, regularly considered one of the finest in the He conducted the New York Philharmonic in the 1957 stereo recording of the second symphony. Walter also made a 1960 studio recording of Das Lied with the New York Philharmonic. These recordings, as well as his other American recordings, were released initially by Columbia Records and later on CD by Sony. Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with
Nonetheless, Walter regretted that he could never hear Mahler himself conduct the Ninth and Das Lied; these performances should not be considered documentations of the composer's interpretations.
Walter's various other recordings of Mahler–various songs and the First, Second, Fourth, and Fifth symphonies–are highly prized. Walter's personal connection with the composer would by itself add great interest to them in most of these works Walter did have direct experience of the composer's performances. More importantly, their musical qualities strike many critics and musicians as outstanding.
Walter made many highly acclaimed recordings of other great Germanic composers, such as Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert, Johannes Brahms, Johann Strauss Jr. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Johannes Brahms ( pronounced ˈbʁaːms (May 7 1833 &ndash April 3 1897 was a German Composer , and Anton Bruckner, as well as of Bach, Wagner, Schumann, Dvorak, Richard Strauss, Tchaikovsky, Smetana, and others. Anton Bruckner (4 September 1824 &ndash 11 October 1896 was an Austrian composer known primarily for his symphonies, masses, and Motets Walter was a leading conductor of opera, particularly known for his Mozart, and recordings of some from the Metropolitan Opera and the Salzburg Festival are now available on CD. The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880 is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. So are performances of Wagner, Verdi, and Beethoven's Fidelio. Fidelio (Op 72 is an Opera in two acts by Ludwig van Beethoven. Also of great interest are recordings from the 1950s of his rehearsals of Mozart, Mahler, and Brahms, which give insight into his musical priorities and into the warm and non-tyrannical manner (as contrasted with some of his colleagues) with which he related to orchestras.
Compositions
Walter only composed in his early years. Later he decided to be "not a composer. " His compositions include:
- Symphony No. 1 in D minor
- Symphony No. 2
- Symphonic Fantasia
- String Quartet
- Piano Quintet
- Sonata for Violin and Piano in A
- Songs
- Choral Works
Written works
- Gustav Mahler's III. Symphonie. In: Der Merker 1 (1909), 9–11
- Mahlers Weg: ein Erinnerungsblatt. In: Der Merker 3 (1912), 166–171
- Über Ethel Smyth: ein Brief von Bruno Walter. In: Der Merker 3 (1912), 897–898
- Kunst und Öffentlichkeit. In: Süddeutsche Monatshefte (Oktober 1916), 95–110
- Beethovens Missa solemnis. In: Münchner Neueste Nachrichten (30. Oct. 1920), Beethoven suppl. , 3–5
- Von den moralischen Kräften der Musik. Vienna 1935
- Gustav Mahler. Wien 1936
- Bruckner and Mahler. In: Chord and Discord 2/2 (1940), 3–12
- Thema und Variationen - Erinnerungen und Gedanken. Stockholm 1947
- Von der Musik und vom Musizieren. Frankfurt 1957
- Mein Weg zur Anthroposophie. In: Das Goetheanum 52 (1961), 418–21
- Briefe 1894–1962. Hg. L. W. Lindt, Frankfurt a. M. 1969
Notable recordings
- 1935: Richard Wagner, Die Walküre (Act I), with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, feat. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Die Walküre ( The Valkyrie) is the second of the four Operas that comprise Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelung The Vienna Philharmonic (in German: die Wiener Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra in Austria, regularly considered one of the finest in the soloists Lotte Lehmann, Lauritz Melchior, Emanuel List, et al. Lotte Lehmann ( February 27, 1888 &ndash August 26, 1976) was a German Soprano WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> Lauritz Melchior ( March 20, 1890 – March 18, 1973 Emanuel List (born March 22, 1888, Vienna - died June 21, 1967, Vienna was an Austrian American Opera (EMI Great Recordings of the Century, Naxos Historical)
- 1938: Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 9, with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Symphony No 9 in D major by the Composer Gustav Mahler was written in 1909 and 1910 and was the last Symphony that he completed The Vienna Philharmonic (in German: die Wiener Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra in Austria, regularly considered one of the finest in the (Dutton, EMI Great Artists of the Century, Naxos Historical)
- 1941: Ludwig van Beethoven, Fidelio, with the Metropolitan Opera, feat. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Fidelio (Op 72 is an Opera in two acts by Ludwig van Beethoven. The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880 is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. soloists Kirsten Flagstad, Alexander Kipnis, Herbert Janssen, et al. Kirsten Malfrid Flagstad ( 12 July 1895 &ndash 7 December 1962) was a Norwegian Opera singer one of the greatest Alexander Kipnis (Олександр Кіпнiс born ( February 13, (February 1 Julian calendar 1891 in Zhytomyr, the capital of the government of Volhynia Herbert Janssen ( Cologne, September 22 1892 &ndash June 3 1965 in New York) was a German Baritone (Naxos Historical)
- 1952: Gustav Mahler, Das Lied von der Erde, with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, feat. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Das Lied von der Erde (" The Song of the Earth " is a large-scale work for two vocal soloists and orchestra by the Austrian Composer The Vienna Philharmonic (in German: die Wiener Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra in Austria, regularly considered one of the finest in the soloists Kathleen Ferrier and Julius Patzak. Kathleen Mary Ferrier CBE ( 22 April 1912 &ndash 8 October 1953) was an English Contralto Julius Patzak ( 9 April, 1898 &ndash 26 January, 1974) was an Austrian Tenor distinguished in operatic and concert work (Decca Legends)
- 1958–1961: Ludwig van Beethoven, Symphony No. 4 and Symphony No. 6, with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Ludwig van Beethoven 's Symphony No 4 in B Flat Major, Op 60 was written in 1806. The Columbia Symphony Orchestra was an Orchestra formed by Columbia Records. (Sony Bruno Walter Edition)
- 1960: Johannes Brahms, Symphony No. 2 and Symphony No. 3, with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Johannes Brahms ( pronounced ˈbʁaːms (May 7 1833 &ndash April 3 1897 was a German Composer The Symphony No 2 in D, Op 73 was composed by Johannes Brahms in the summer of 1877 during a visit to the Austrian Alps. The Symphony No 3 in F major Op90, is a Symphony written by Johannes Brahms. The Columbia Symphony Orchestra was an Orchestra formed by Columbia Records. (Sony Bruno Walter Edition)
Source: Grove Music Online
References
- ^ Walter, Bruno; James A Galston (1946. ). Theme and variations: an autobiography. New York: A. A. Knopf, p. 89.
- ^ Andrew Ford (29 June 2002). Bruno Walter: A World Elsewhere. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 2007-06-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- Holden, Raymond (2005). The Virtuoso Conductors: The Central European Tradition from Wagner to Karajan. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300093268.
- Ryding, Erik; Pechefsky, Rebecca (2001). Bruno Walter: A World Elsewhere. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300087136.
- Walter, Bruno (1946). Theme and Variations: An Autobiography. New York: A. A. Knopf. OCLC 564814. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- Walter, Bruno (1961). Of Music and Music-Making. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. OCLC 394450. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
External links
- The Bruno Walter Foundation
- Bruno Walter at Allmusic
- Bruno Walter in the German National Library catalogue
- The Bruno Walter Papers in the Music Division of The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
- Bruno Walters Heritage at Vienna Music University
- Page with an mp3 file: Bruno Walter conducts Gustav Mahler (1. Symphony, Trio of 2d Movement)
- Bruno Walter biography at Sony Classical
- Conducting the London Philharmonic
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Walter, Bruno |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Walter, Bruno, Schlesinger |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | German-born conductor and composer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 15, 1876 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Berlin |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 17, 1962 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Beverly Hills, California |
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