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Bruno Maderna (April 21, 1920 – November 13, 1973) was an Italian-German conductor and composer. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance

Contents

Biography

Maderna was born in Venice. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the

At the age of four he was taught violin in Chioggia, and his grandfather noticed the young boy was a genius; Madame de Polignac (a French princess and patron) paid his following studies, so at the age of eight he was able to conduct the orchestras of La Scala and Arena di Verona. Chioggia ( Venetan: Cióxa, Latin: Clodia) is a coastal town and Comune of the Province of Venice in the Veneto The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was The Verona Arena ( Arena di Verona) is a Roman Amphitheatre in Verona, Italy, which is famous for the Opera performances From here, he started a career as a child prodigy, internationally known as "Brunetto" (Italian for Little Bruno).

He protracted his studies in Milan (1935), Venice (1939) and in Rome (1940), where he finally took his degree in composition and musicology at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia under the guide of Alessandro Bustini and Antonio Guarnieri. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia ( English: National Academy of St Cecilia is one of the oldest musical institutions in the world After his degree he studied also composition with Gian Francesco Malipiero and conducting with Hermann Scherchen. Gian Francesco Malipiero ( Venice, March 18, 1882 - Asolo ( Treviso) August 1, 1973) was an Italian Hermann Scherchen ( June 21, 1891 &ndash June 12, 1966) was a German conductor.

During World War II he joined the army, the Partisan Resistance and he was also imprisoned in a concentration camp. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including After the war years, he taught composition at the Venice Conservatory from 1947 to 1950, where he was called by Malipiero; here he studied a lot the ancient and medieval music, which was the base for many of his early works. The Conservatorio di Musica Benedetto Marcello di Venezia is a Conservatory in Venice, Italy named after Composer Benedetto Marcello Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In those years he held a very big class, in which there was also Luigi Nono (at that time only a young law student). Luigi Nono ( January 29, 1924 – May 8, 1990) was an Italian Avant-garde Composer of Classical music Karl Amadeus Hartmann called him to conduct a concert in the "Musica Viva" festival in Munich; this was the first time a foreign director was called, and for Maderna it was the beginning of a fabulous career. Karl Amadeus Hartmann ( August 2, 1905 Munich &ndash December 5, 1963 Munich was a German Composer Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Whilst at the (1951) Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik in Darmstadt he founded the Internationales Kranichsteiner Kammer-Ensemble; here he met, among others, Boulez, Messiaen, Stockhausen, Cage, Unruh, Pousseur and the most important players of the neue musik that inspired him to compose new pieces (for example he wrote Musica su due dimensioni for Severino Gazzelloni). Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Initiated in 1946 by Wolfgang Steinecke, the Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik Darmstadt ( Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music held annually WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Pierre Boulez (pjɛʁ buˈlɛz (b Olivier Messiaen ( December 10 1908 &ndash April 27 1992 was a French Composer, organist and ornithologist. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> John Milton Cage Jr Henri Pousseur (born 23 June 1929, Malmedy) is a Belgian Composer. Severino Gazzelloni ( January 5, 1919 - November 21, 1992) was an Italian Flute player

Maderna was an eclectic director, so he was able to switch between different musical styles: he directed Purcell's Dido and Aeneas, Wagner's Parsifal, many works by Debussy and Ravel, classical and romantic symphonies; he also liked jazz music. Henry Purcell (ˈpɜrsəl 10 September 1659 (? – 21 November 1695 was an English Baroque Composer. Dido and Æneas is an Opera by the English Baroque composer Henry Purcell, from a libretto by Nahum Tate. Parsifal is an Opera, or Music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner. Achille-Claude Debussy (aʃil klod dəbysi (August 22 1862 &ndash March 25 1918 was a French Composer. Together with Luciano Berio, he founded the Studio di Fonologia Musicale of the RAI (Radiotelevisione Italiana) in 1955 and they also organized the Incontri Musicali music review and concert series. Luciano Berio, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( October 24, 1925 &ndash May 27, 2003) was an Italian Composer. Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana, known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane, is the Italian public service broadcaster, and is considered Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana, known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane, is the Italian public service broadcaster, and is considered Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar)

In 1957-58 he taught dodecaphonic technique at the Milan Conservatory; in this period he also taught composition seminars at the Darlington's Summer School of Music. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Year 58 was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. In 1963 he became a German citizen. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. From 1967 to 1970 he taught conducting at the Salzburg Mozarteum and also at the Rotterdam Conservatory. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. In 1970 he obtained the Darmstadt's citizenship (but he never changed his Italian citizenship for the German one). In 1971 and 1972 he was the Tanglewood (MA, USA) Berkshire Music Center's director. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Tanglewood is an estate and Music venue in Lenox and Stockbridge Massachusetts and is the home of the annual summer Tanglewood Music Festival Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In 1971 he became the Milan RAI Symphony Orchestra's director. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar.

He died in 1973 at Darmstadt, when he was working on Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland Pierre Boulez wrote his Rituel in Memoriam Bruno Maderna the following year. Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna (1974–75 is a composition for large chamber ensemble in eight groups by the French Composer Pierre Boulez

Works

Among the early works we find the Concerto per due pianoforti e strumenti (1947-1948) with Bartók influences and a special attitude towards difficult sonorities; we find also the Quartetto per archi in due tempi (1955), a more serial/atonal influenced piece. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Béla Viktor János Bartók (March 25 1881&ndashSeptember 26 1945 was a Hungarian Composer and Pianist, considered to be one of the greatest Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) In Music, serialism is a technique for composition that uses sets to describe musical elements, and allows the manipulation of those

As mentioned before, the flutist Severino Gazzelloni inspired Maderna during the Darmstadt experience. Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland In those years he was obviously influenced also by the electronic music new paradigm. Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production In 1961 he composed Honeyreves for flute and piano: this piece was built on the complex flute melodies and on the strange piano sound effects (clusters, playing on the strings, etc. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ). In the Studio di Fonologia Musicale, with the help of the sound technician Marino Zuccheri, he wrote some of the most impressive electroacustic works of his time: Musica su due dimensioni (Music on two dimensions, 1958) for flute and magnetic tape, Notturno (1956) and Continuo (1958) both for magnetic tape. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Maderna's favorite solo instrument was the oboe: this was the perfect 'aulodic' media that he was searching in order to build the 'absolute melody' (Aulody is a word that mixes the Greek aulos (i. e. oboe) and melody). In 1962-63, he wrote the first concert for oboe (Konzert fur Oboe und Kammerensemble), in which he was influenced by serial composition; in 1967 he wrote the second Concerto per oboe, in 1973 he wrote the Terzo Concerto per Oboe. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar.

One of his most famous works was Quadrivium for four percussionists and four orchestra's groups (played for the first time at the Royan Festival, in 1969). Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This masterpiece uses an enormous amount of players, and is influenced by the aleatory technique. The aleatory technique is used also in Ausstrahlung for woman voice, flute and oboe obbligati, big orchestra and magnetic tape (Irradiation, 1971, a homage to Persian culture), in Serenata per un satellite for — ad libitum — violin, flute, oboe, clarinet, marimba, harp, guitar and mandolin (Serenata for a Satellite, 1969) and in Grande Aulodia for flute and oboe soli with orchestra (1970). Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Among the other compositions, we find an electroacustic divertimento called Le Rire (1964), many Sonatas, an incomplete opera called Hyperion, and other diverse works. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar.

Bibliography

External links

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