| Bruise Classification and external resources |
|
 |
|
|---|---|
| Bruises from a ladder fall | |
| ICD-10 | S00.-S90., T14.0 |
| ICD-9 | 920-924 |
| DiseasesDB | 31998 |
| MeSH | D003288 |
A bruise, also called a contusion or ecchymosis, is an injury to biological tissue in which the capillaries are damaged, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings S00-T14 - Injury (S00-S09 Head ( Superficial Injury of head ( Superficial injury of S00-T14 - Injury (S00-S09 Head ( Superficial Injury of head ( Superficial injury of S00-T14 - Injury (S00-S09 Head ( Superficial Injury of head ( Superficial injury of The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Injury or bodily injury is Damage or Harm caused to the Structure or function of the Body caused by an outside agent or Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism Capillaries are the smallest of a body's Blood vessels measuring 5-10 μm in diameter which connect Arterioles and Venules and enable the interchange Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products It is usually caused by blunt impact. Bruises often induce pain but are not normally dangerous. Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm Sometimes bruises can be serious, leading to other more life threatening forms of hematoma, or can be associated with serious injuries, including fractures and internal bleeding. A hematoma, or haematoma, is a collection of Blood outside the blood vessels generally the result of Hemorrhage, or more specifically Internal bleeding A bone fracture (sometimes abbreviated # or Fx or Fx) is a medical condition in which a Bone is cracked or broken Internal bleeding is Bleeding occurring inside the Body. It can be a serious Medical emergency depending on where it occurs (e Minor bruises may be easily recognized, in people with light skin color, by their characteristic blue or purple appearance (idiomatically described as "black and blue") in the days following the injury. Human skin color can range from almost black (due to very high concentrations of the dark brown pigment melanin to nearly colorless (appearing reddish white due to the Blood Blue is a Colour, the Perception of which is evoked by Purple is a general term for the range of shades of Color occurring between Red and Blue.
Contents |
Severity of bruises
Bruises can be scored on a scale from 0-5 to categorize the severity and danger of the injury. Extreme sport (also called action sport and adventure sport) is a media term for certain activities perceived as having a high level of inherent
| Harm score | Severity level | Notes |
| 0 | Light bruise | No damage |
| 1 | Light bruise | Little damage |
| 2 | Moderate bruise | Some damage |
| 3 | Serious bruise | Dangerous |
| 4 | Extremely serious bruise | Dangerous |
| 5 | Critical bruise | Risk of death |
The harm score is determined by the extent and severity of the fractures to the organs and tissues causing the bruising, in turn depending on multiple factors. A contracted muscle will bruise more severely, as can the tissues being crushed against underlying bone. A muscles contraction (also known as a muscle twitch or simply twitch) occurs when a Muscle fibre generates tension through the action of Actin Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce Capillaries vary in strength, stiffness and toughness, which can also vary by age and medical conditions. Capillaries are the smallest of a body's Blood vessels measuring 5-10 μm in diameter which connect Arterioles and Venules and enable the interchange
Light bruises
At low levels of damage producing low-level bruising, the individual will feel some pain, either initially or delayed. Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm The skin and surrounding region show inflammation, becoming red, tender and swollen due to the release of histamines. Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens Histamine is a Biogenic amine involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a Neurotransmitter Repeated impacts worsen bruises, increasing the harm level. As time progresses, blood may escape and seep into the surrounding tissues even when the capillaries are being repaired, causing the bruise to darken and spread. Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products During about the next two weeks, the bruise color changes to a dark red then to purple, black, or blue, eventually fading to yellow and disappearing as healing progresses. Some of these color changes are related to the breakdown of the hemoglobin in the escaped red blood cells. Normally, light bruises heal nearly completely on average in two weeks. Some may take a shorter or longer time and this is caused by random variation in the healing process;[1] more severe or deeper bruises may take longer. The striking colors of a bruise are caused by hemoglobin and its breakdown products, bilirubin and biliverdin. Hemoglobin ( also spelled haemoglobin and abbreviated Hb or Hgb) is the Iron -containing Oxygen -transport Metalloprotein Bilirubin (formerly referred to as hematoidin) is the yellow breakdown product of normal Heme Catabolism. Biliverdin is a green Pigment formed as a byproduct of Heme breakdown
Treatment for light bruises is minimal, including RICE, painkillers (particularly NSAIDs) and later in recovery, some light stretching exercises may be appropriate. RICE is a treatment method for Soft tissue injury which is an acronym for Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, usually abbreviated to NSAID s or NAID s, are drugs with Analgesic, Antipyretic and in higher If swelling is severe, swelling may be reduced by applying ice and / or by elevating the area. Ice is a Solid phase, usually crystalline, of a Non-metalic substance that is liquid or gas at Room temperature, such as Ammonia Rest and preventing re-injury is essential for faster recovery. Very gentle massage of the area may relieve pain and encourage blood flow, though pain may indicate the massage is exacerbating the injury. [2]
Moderate to severe bruises
If bruising is severe (harm score 2-3) may be dangerous or cause serious complications. Further bleeding and excess fluid may accumulate causing a hard, fluctuating lump or swelling hematoma. A hematoma, or haematoma, is a collection of Blood outside the blood vessels generally the result of Hemorrhage, or more specifically Internal bleeding This has the potential to cause compartment syndrome as the swelling cuts off blood flow to the tissues. Compartment syndrome is an acute medical problem following injury surgery or in most cases repetitive and extensive muscle use in which increased pressure (usually caused by inflammation Blunt trauma which cause severe bruising by shock waves may also cause other severe and fatal harm to internal organs. In medical terminology blunt trauma, blunt injury, non-penetrating trauma or blunt force trauma refers to a type of Physical trauma In Biology, an organ ( Latin: organum, "instrument tool" from Greek όργανον - organon "organ instrument Impacts to the head can cause traumatic brain injury, bleeding, bruising and massive swelling of the brain with the potential to cause concussion, coma and death. In Anatomy, the head of an Animal is the Rostral part (from Anatomical position that usually comprises the Brain, Eyes Traumatic brain injury (TBI also called intracranial injury, occurs when Physical trauma injures the Brain. In Medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep is a profound state of Unconsciousness. Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific Treatment may involve emergency surgery to relieve the pressure on the brain. Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental
Bones may be broken by similar impacts, tendons can be bruised and joints can be sprained or otherwise harmed in ways that impairs the functioning of the limbs. A bone fracture (sometimes abbreviated # or Fx or Fx) is a medical condition in which a Bone is cracked or broken A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of Fibrous connective tissue that usually connects Muscle to Bone and is capable of withstanding tension A joint is the location at which two or more Bones make contact A sprain (from the French espraindre - to wring is an Injury which occurs to Ligaments caused by a sudden overtearing (for the Muscle The symptoms and signs of these injuries may appear to be those of simple bruising. Severe injuries that cause difficulty in moving a limb, abdominal bruising and the feeling of liquid under the skin may indicate life-threatening injury and require the attention of a doctor.
If a severely bruised muscle is used too early before healing has occurred, bone tissue may form inside the muscle, causing permanent stiffness, pain and disability. Extremely severe bruises may take as long as a year to completely heal.
As a medical sign
The presence of bruises may be seen in patients with platelet or coagulation disorders. Platelets, or Thrombocytes, are small cytoplasmic bodies derived from cells They circulate in the Blood of Mammals and are involved Coagulation is a complex process by which Blood forms Clots It is an important part of Hemostasis (the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel whereby Unexplained bruising may be a warning sign of child abuse or serious medical problems, such as leukemia and meningoccocal infection. Child abuse is the physical, psychological or sexual maltreatment of children Leukemia or leukaemia (Greek leukos λευκός, "white" aima αίμα, "blood" is a Cancer of the Blood Neisseria meningitidis, also simply known as meningococcus, is a heterotrophic Gram-negative diplococcal Bacterium best known for Unexplained bruising could indicate internal bleeding or certain types of cancer. A deficiency in Vitamin C can also make a person more susceptible to bruises from impacts. Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian Also long term glucocorticoid therapy can cause easy bruising.
Other uses
Fruit
The word "bruise" is also used for fruit — a fruit is considered bruised when an impact breaks its internal water-containing structures, leading to a soft and discolored spot. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology.
In language
More generally, "bruise" is used metaphorically to mean any minor injury: one's ego might be "bruised" if one's painting was not included in a gallery showing, for example. Metaphor (from the Greek: μεταφορά - metaphora, meaning "transfer" is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects Id, ego, and super-ego are the three parts of the " Psychic apparatus " defined in Sigmund Freud 's structural model of Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually Visual art. The implication is that the injury is painful and sensitive but minor and will recover on its own.
See also
Notes
- ^ Voorhees, Benjamin W. A black eye (periorbital Hematoma) is Bruising around the Eye commonly due to an injury to the face rather than an Eye injury. A burn is a type of Injury that may be caused by Heat, cold, Electricity, Chemicals, Light, Radiation, or Gua Sha (刮痧 literally "to scrape for cholera" in Chinese (more loosely "to scrape for fever" is an ancient medical treatment A subconjunctival hemorrhage (or subconjunctival haemorrhage) is bleeding underneath the Conjunctiva. A petechia (pɨˈtiːkiə plural petechiae (pɨˈtiːkɪiː is a small (1-2mm red or purple spot on the body caused by a minor Hemorrhage (broken Capillary Purpura (from the Latin purpura, meaning "purple" is the appearance of red or purple discolorations on the Skin, caused by Bleeding underneath A love-bite or hickey / hickie is a temporary mark or Bruise on one's Skin (medically a minor Hematoma) resulting from Kissing (2007-08-31). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Medical Encyclopedia - Bruise healing. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
- ^ WebMD article on bruising.
External links
Dictionary
bruise
-noun
- (medicine) A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
- A dark mark on fruit caused by a blow to its surface.
-verb
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic