| Bruce Cockburn | |
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Bruce Cockburn performing at the City Stages festival in Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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| Background information | |
| Born | May 27, 1945 |
| Origin | Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
| Genre(s) | Folk, jazz, rock |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar |
| Years active | 1967–present |
| Website | www.brucecockburn.com |
Bruce Douglas Cockburn, OC (pronounced /ˈkoʊbɚn/; phonetically: "co-burn") (born May 27, 1945)[1] is a Canadian folk/rock guitarist and singer-songwriter. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The Order of Canada is the highest civilian honour within the Canadian system of honours, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the order's Latin Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A guitarist is a Musician who plays the Guitar. Guitarists may perform solo pieces or play with ensembles and bands of a wide variety of genres Singer-songwriter is a term that refers to Performers who write, compose and sing their own material including Lyrics He has recorded an immense volume of work, his 29th album being released in summer 2006, and has written songs in styles ranging from folk to jazz-influenced rock to rock and roll. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African
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Cockburn was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and spent some of his early years on a farm outside Pembroke, Ontario. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Pembroke ( 2006 population 13930 CA population 23195 is a City at the confluence of the Muskrat He has stated in interviews that his first guitar was one he located in his grandmother's attic, which he then adorned with golden stars and used to play along to radio hits[2]; another source places this momentous event as happening in 1959. Cockburn was a student (but did not study music) at Nepean High School, where his 1964 yearbook photo states his desire simply: "hopes to become a musician. Nepean High School can refer to Nepean High School (Ottawa, Canada Nepean High School (Emu Plains, Australia "[3] He then attended Berklee College of Music in Boston for three semesters in the mid-1960s: "I got a lot out of it, but it didn't feel right to continue there. Berklee College of Music, founded in 1945 is an independent music College in Boston Massachusetts. " In 1966 he was asked to join an Ottawa band called The Children, which lasted for about a year. In the spring of 1967, he joined the final lineup of the Esquires before moving to Toronto in the summer to form The Flying Circus with former Bobby Kris & The Imperials members Marty Fisher and Gordon MacBain and ex-Tripp member Neil Lillie. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario For other meanings of this term see the disambiguation page under Flying Circus The Flying Circus were a short-lived Toronto-based group fronted by singer/songwriter Bobby Kris & The Imperials were a popular '60s Toronto folk-rock band that had a local hit with Burt Bacharch and Hal David's "Walk On By" The Tripp was a short-lived Toronto rock band from the mid-Sixties featuring Neil Merryweather and Stan Endersby and formed the link between The Just The group recorded some material in late 1967 (which remains unreleased) before changing its name to Olivus in the spring of 1968, by which point Lillie (who changed his name to Neil Merryweather) had been replaced by Dennis Pendrith from Livingstone's Journey. Neil Merryweather (born Robert Neilson Lillie on December 27 1945 in Winnipeg Manitoba) is a Canadian rock Singer, Bass player and Songwriter Livingston’s Olivus opened for The Jimi Hendrix Experience and Cream in April 1968. "The Experience" redirects here For other uses of this term see Experience (disambiguation. Cream were a 1960s British rock band That summer Cockburn broke up Olivus, intending to go solo but ending up in the band 3's a Crowd with David Wiffen, Colleen Peterson and Richard Patterson, who had played with him in The Children. David Wiffen (born March 11, 1942 in Surrey, England) is a Canadian Folk music Singer-songwriter. Colleen Susan Peterson ( November 14, 1950 - October 9, 1996) was a Canadian country and folk singer who Cockburn left this band in the spring of 1969 to pursue a solo career.
He had made his first solo appearance at the Mariposa Folk Festival in 1967, and was the headliner when Neil Young canceled in order to appear at Woodstock in 1969. The Mariposa Folk Festival was founded in Orillia Ontario, and after being held in various places in Ontario for a few decades has returned there Neil Percival Young OM (born November 12, 1945, Toronto Ontario) is a Canadian Singer-songwriter, Musician In 1970 he released his first, self-titled, solo album. Cockburn's phenomenal guitar work and songwriting skills won him an enthusiastic following. His early work sparkles with rural and nautical imagery, biblical metaphors, and a sense of delight in the belief that whatever happens here on earth, heaven isn't far away. Raised as an agnostic, early in his career he became a devout Christian. Agnosticism ( Greek: α- a-, without + γνώσις gnōsis, knowledge after Gnosticism) is the philosophical view that the A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth [4] Many of his albums from the 1970s reference his Christian belief, which in turn informs the concerns for human rights and environmentalism expressed on his 1980s albums. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. His references to Christianity in his music include the Grail imagery of 20th-century Christian poet Charles Williams and the ideas of theologian Harvey Cox,[5] but they are so subtle and musical that they do not exclude nonbelievers. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings
While Cockburn had been popular in Canada for years, he didn't make a splash in the United States until 1979, with the release of the album Dancing in the Dragon's Jaws, still a landmark of acoustic-based pop featuring intricate lyrics, great sonics, and startling guitar work. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Wondering Where the Lions Are, the first single from that album, reached #21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US in June 1980, and earned Cockburn an appearance on NBC's hit TV show Saturday Night Live. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Saturday Night Live ( SNL) is a weekly late-night 90-minute American Sketch comedy / Variety show based in New York City
Through the 1980s Cockburn's songwriting became first more urban, later more global, and then, ultimately and most famously, more politicized: he became heavily involved with progressive causes. His growing political concerns were first hinted at in two astonishing but little-known discs, Humans and The Trouble with Normal. As far as casual radio listeners were concerned, however, these concerns only became evident in 1984, with Cockburn's second radio hit, "If I Had a Rocket Launcher" (#88 US) from the Stealing Fire album. "If I Had a Rocket Launcher" is a song by Bruce Cockburn, from his 1984 album Stealing Fire. He had written the song a year earlier, after visiting Guatemalan refugee camps in Mexico that were attacked before and after his visit by Guatemalan military helicopters. Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. His political activism continues to the present. Cockburn has traveled to many countries (such as Mozambique and Iraq), played countless benefits, and written many songs on a variety of political subjects ranging from the International Monetary Fund to land mines. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic A land mine is an Explosive device designed to be placed on or in the ground to explode when triggered by an operator or the Proximity of a vehicle person His internationalist bent is reflected in the many world music influences (reggae, Latin, etc. The term world music includes Traditional music (sometimes called Folk music or roots music of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Latin music, includes the music of all countries in Latin America (and the Caribbean) and comes in many varieties ) found in his music.
In 1991, Intrepid Records released Kick at the Darkness, a tribute album to Cockburn whose title comes from a phrase in his song "Lovers in a Dangerous Time". Intrepid Records was a Canadian Independent record label in the late 1980s and early 1990s Kick At the Darkness is a 1991 tribute album to Bruce Cockburn. It features the Barenaked Ladies cover of that song, which became their first Top 40 hit and proved to be an important element in their early success. Barenaked Ladies (often abbreviated BNL or occasionally BnL) is a Juno -winning and Grammy -nominated Canadian Alternative This lyric was also referenced by U2 in their song "God Part II" from their album Rattle and Hum. " God Part II " is the fourteenth track from U2 's 1988 album Rattle and Hum. Rattle and Hum is the name of both an album and its companion motion picture recorded by Irish rock band U2, released in 1988
In the early 1990s Cockburn teamed up with good friend T-Bone Burnett for two albums, Nothing but a Burning Light and Dart to the Heart. T-Bone Burnett is an American songwriter musician and producer The latter included a song, "Closer to the Light", inspired by the death of songwriter Mark Heard. John Mark Heard ( December 16, 1951 - August 16, 1992) was a Record producer, folk-rock Cockburn frequently refers to Heard as his favorite songwriter and was one of many artists who paid tribute to Heard on an album and video titled Strong Hand of Love. Strong Hand of Love A Tribute to Mark Heard is a compilation of songs by various artists in tribute to songwriter Mark Heard. On the album Cockburn performs the title song.
In 1998, he travelled with filmmaker Robert Lang to Mali, West Africa, where he jammed with Grammy Award-winning blues musician Ali Farka Toure and kora master Toumani Diabate. The one month journey was documented in the award-winning one hour film, River of Sand. [6]
In 2002 Cockburn released his first official greatest hits collection, Anything Anytime Anywhere: Singles 1979-2002 (although his previously published material had been collected in several albums: Resume, Mummy Dust, and Waiting for a Miracle).
In January 2003 Cockburn finished recording his 27th album, You've Never Seen Everything, which features contributions from Emmylou Harris, Jackson Browne, Sam Phillips, Sarah Harmer, Hugh Marsh, Jonell Mosser, Larry Taylor and Steven Hodges. Emmylou Harris (born April 2 1947) is an American country, folk, alternative rock, and Alternative country Clyde Jackson Browne (born October 9, 1948) is a German -born American rock Singer-songwriter and Musician. Sarah Harmer (born 12 November 1970 in Burlington, Ontario) is a Canadian Singer-songwriter and Activist Hugh Marsh (born June 5, 1955 in Montreal Quebec) is a Canadian Violinist. Larry Taylor (born Samuel Taylor, 26 June 1942, New York) is an American Bass guitarist, best known for his work as (Taylor and Hodges are known for their work with Tom Waits). Thomas Alan Waits (born 7 December 1949) is an American Singer-songwriter, Composer, and Actor.
Cockburn performed a powerful set at the Live 8 concert in Barrie, Ontario, on July 2, 2005. Live 8 was a string of Benefit concerts that took place on 2 July, 2005, in the G8 states and in South Africa. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An instrumental compilation of both new and previously released material, titled Speechless, was released on October 24, 2005. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His 29th album, Life Short Call Now, was released on July 18, 2006. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Another humanitarian, Canadian Senator/retired General Romeo Dallaire, who is active in humanitarian fund raising and promoting awareness, will be on stage at the University of Victoria with Bruce Cockburn. Lieutenant-General Roméo Antonius Dallaire, OC, CMM, GOQ, MSC, CD (born June 25, 1946 in The University of Victoria (UVic is located in Greater Victoria British Columbia, Canada (northeast of Victoria) The Oct. 4, 2008 concert is to aid child soldiers (Victoria Times Colonist, April 17, 2008). The Times Colonist is an English-language daily Newspaper in Victoria British Columbia, Canada.
Cockburn was made a Member of the Order of Canada in 1982 and was promoted to Officer in 2002. The Order of Canada is the highest civilian honour within the Canadian system of honours, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the order's Latin
On March 5, 2001, during the 30th Annual Juno Awards ceremony, Cockburn was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Juno Awards are presented annually to Canadian Musical Artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music The Canadian Music Hall of Fame honors Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements in Music. The Cockburn tribute during the awards telecast from Copps Coliseum in Hamilton, Ontario, included taped testimonials from U2's Bono, Jackson Browne, Cowboy Junkies' Margo Timmins, and Midnight Oil's Peter Garrett. See also Sports venues in Hamilton Ontario Copps Coliseum is a sports and entertainment arena on the corner of Bay Street North and York Boulevard Hamilton (ˈhæməltən ( 2006 population 504559 UA population 647634 CMA population Clyde Jackson Browne (born October 9, 1948) is a German -born American rock Singer-songwriter and Musician. Cowboy Junkies are a Canadian Country music and Alternative rock band Margo Timmins (born January 27, 1961 in Montreal, Quebec) is the Lead vocalist of the Canadian band Cowboy Junkies Midnight Oil was an Australian rock band from Sydney, Australia Peter Robert Garrett AM MP (born 16 April 1953) is an Australian Musician and Politician. The Barenaked Ladies performed their version of Cockburn's "Lovers in a Dangerous Time". Best Female Artist nominees Jann Arden and Terri Clark performed "Wondering Where the Lions Are", and double nominee Sarah Harmer performed "Waiting for a Miracle". Jann Arden (born Jann Arden Anne Richards on March 27, 1962) is an award-winning Canadian Singer-songwriter with a fan base primarily in Terri Clark (born Terri Lynn Sauson, August 5 1968 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian Country music artist who has had success in both Sarah Harmer (born 12 November 1970 in Burlington, Ontario) is a Canadian Singer-songwriter and Activist
The Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB) honoured Cockburn by inducting him into the Canadian Broadcast Hall of Fame. The Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB is the national voice of Canada's private broadcasters representing the vast majority of Canadian programming services including private The Canadian Broadcast Hall of Fame, started in 1982, recognizes Canadians in broadcasting or entertainment related industries who have "achieved outstanding success in The induction ceremony was held on October 22, 2002, in Vancouver as part of the Gold Ribbon Awards Gala at the organization's 76th annual convention. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal
On November 27, 2002, the CBC's Life and Times series aired a special feature on Cockburn titled The Life and Times of Bruce Cockburn produced by Robert Lang of Kensington Communications in Toronto. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Life and Times was a series of biographical Documentary films aired by CBC Television, CBC Country Canada and CBC Newsworld
Was married from 1969 to 1980 to Kitty Cockburn, and has a daughter Jenny (born in 1976) from that marriage. Wrote the song "Little Seahorse" in late 1975 about the time when his daughter was in utero. It appears on his album In the Falling Dark.
The cover artwork for his 1999 album Breakfast in New Orleans, Dinner in Timbuktu, which is dominated by bold text in the Helvetica font, was included in the exhibition "50 Years of Helvetica" which ran from April 2007 to March 2008 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Helvetica is the name of a widely used Sans-serif Typeface developed in 1957 by Swiss Typeface designer Max Miedinger. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth [7]
As a result of his highly successful solo career, Cockburn has had his songs covered by artists as diverse as Barenaked Ladies ("Lovers in a Dangerous Time"), Jimmy Buffett ("Pacing the Cage", "Anything Anytime Anywhere", "All the Ways I Want You", "Wondering Where the Lions Are" -- in the movie Hoot), Michael Hedges ("Wondering Where the Lions Are"), Lori Cullen ("Fall"), Anne Murray ("One Day I Walk", "Musical Friends"), Ani DiFranco ("Mama Just Wants to Barrelhouse All Night Long"), Dan Fogelberg ("Lovers in a Dangerous Time"), and the Jerry Garcia Band ("Waiting for a Miracle"). Barenaked Ladies (often abbreviated BNL or occasionally BnL) is a Juno -winning and Grammy -nominated Canadian Alternative James William "Jimmy" Buffett (born December 25 1946) is a Singer, Songwriter, Author, Businessman, and recently Michael Hedges ( December 31, 1953 &ndash December 2, 1997) was an American acoustic Guitarist born in Sacramento Anne Murray CC ONS (born Morna Anne Murray on June 20 1945 is a Canadian singer Ani DiFranco (ˈɑːniː (born Angela Maria DiFranco on September 23 1970 is a Grammy Award winning Singer, Guitarist, and Songwriter Daniel Grayling Fogelberg ( August 13 1951 &ndash December 16 2007) was an American singer songwriter and Multi-instrumentalist The Jerry Garcia Band was a San Francisco Bay Area rock band led by Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead. In addition, fellow Canadian singer songwriter Steve Bell recorded an entire album of Bruce Cockburn songs titled My Dinner With Bruce, and jazz guitarist Michael Occhipinti released an album containing jazz arrangements of Cockburn's songs. [8]
Cockburn wrote and performed the theme song for the children's television series Franklin. Franklin is a Canadian children's television series, based on a series of books by Brenda Clark (illustrator and Paulette Bourgeois (writer He composed and performed, with Hugh Marsh, the music for the National Film Board of Canada documentary feature Waterwalker (1984), directed by Bill Mason. Hugh Marsh (born June 5, 1955 in Montreal Quebec) is a Canadian Violinist. The National Film Board of Canada (usually National Film Board or NFB) is Canada's public film producer and distributor Waterwalker is a Documentary film by Bill Mason, a Canadian outdoorsman painter canoeist and environmentalist who made many films on the art of canoeing Bill Mason was an award-winning Canadian Naturalist, author artist filmmaker and Conservationist, noted primarily for his popular Canoeing He also composed two songs for the classic English Canadian film Goin' Down the Road (1970), directed by Donald Shebib. Goin' Down the Road is a Canadian -made Film directed by Donald Shebib and released in 1970. Donald Shebib (born 27 January 1938, Toronto) is a Canadian Film director, writer producer and editor
In 2007, Cockburn's music will be featured in movie adaption of Irvine Welsh's best-selling novel Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance. Ecstasy Three Tales of Chemical Romance is a collection of three Novellas by Irvine Welsh. Irvine Welsh (born 27 September 1958 Leith, Edinburgh) is a contemporary Scottish novelist, best known for his novel Trainspotting Ecstasy Three Tales of Chemical Romance is a collection of three Novellas by Irvine Welsh.
In May, 2007 he received two honorary doctorates, the fourth and fifth of his career. An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding In early May he received an Honorary Doctorate of Divinity from Queens University in Kingston, Ontario[9], and later in the month he received an Honorary Doctor of Letters at the convocation of Memorial University of Newfoundland for his lifelong contributions to Canadian music, culture and social activism. Queen's University, generally referred to simply as Queen's, is a coeducational non-sectarian Public university located in Kingston, Ontario Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St Memorial University of Newfoundland, (colloquially known as Memorial University or "MUN") is a comprehensive university located primarily in St Cockburn previously received honorary doctorates from York University in Toronto, Berklee College of Music, and St. Thomas University in New Brunswick[10]. York University (Université York is a public Research university located in Toronto, Ontario. Schools with the name St Thomas University: St Thomas University (New Brunswick St New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally
The discussion group "Humans" is one of the oldest e-mail lists devoted to a specific artist. [11] The liner notes for Cockburn's album The Charity of Night mentions the group. [12]
Cockburn has played guitars manufactured by a number companies and luthiers over the years. Many early photos show him playing guitars made by the Canadian instrument maker Larivee. In recent years he has favored steel resonator guitars made by the National Guitar Company and custom-made acoustic guitars by fellow Canadian, luthier Linda Manzer. Linda (Jane Manzer, b Toronto, 2 July 1952, is a Canadian Luthier renowned for her archtop and flat-top Acoustic guitars
* = Reissued with additional tracks 2002-2003
| Year | Title | Chart positions | Album | ||||
| US Hot 100 | US Modern Rock | US Mainstream Rock | UK | CAN | |||
| 1970 | "Going to the Country" | - | - | - | - | Bruce Cockburn | |
| 1971 | "One Day I Walk" | - | - | - | - | ||
| 1972 | "It's Going Down Slow" | - | - | - | - | ||
| 1972 | "Up on the Hillside" | - | - | - | - | ||
| 1979 | "Wondering Where the Lions Are" | #21 | - | - | - | #39 | Dancing in the Dragon's Jaws |
| 1980 | "Tokyo" | - | - | - | - | Humans | |
| 1981 | "Fascist Architecture" | - | - | - | - | Humans | |
| 1981 | "Coldest Night of the Year" | - | - | - | - | ||
| 1984 | "Lovers in a Dangerous Time" | - | - | - | - | #25 | Stealing Fire |
| 1984 | "If I Had a Rocket Launcher" | #88 | - | - | - | #49 | Stealing Fire |
| 1986 | "People See Through You" | - | - | - | - | World of Wonders | |
| 1987 | "Waiting for a Miracle" | - | - | - | - | Waiting for a Miracle | |
| 1989 | "If a Tree Falls" | - | #20 | - | - | Big Circumstance | |
[3]"Thanks to the following for support, inspiration, lighting-a-fire-under-the-ass, and other gifts, intentional or not: Sue, Michael O'Connor, Rex Fyles, Sandra Wood and Chude Mondlane, The Maputo Police Department for leaving the various body parts attached, Deminers everwhere, Ani for reminding me what energy is for, John and Matt for the biochemistry, the Humans, Susan Gitlin-Emmer ("Lady of the Northern Light"), the Book of Psalms, Kel and Jon for the introduction to Cormac McCarthy, C. Woodman for her wisdom, the folks at City Stages, God for always keeping the ladder in place. "