The term "browser wars" is the name given to the competition for dominance in the web browser marketplace. A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a The term is most commonly used to refer to two specific periods: the particularly intense struggle between Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator during the late 1990s, and the competition between the browser-marketshare leader Internet Explorer and Firefox from 2004 onward. Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical Netscape Navigator and Netscape are the names for the proprietary Web browser popular in the 1990s and the Flagship product of the Netscape Market share, in Strategic management and Marketing, is the percentage or proportion of the total available Market or Market segment that is

Contents 1 Early browser competitions 2 The first browser war 2.1 Internet Explorer dominance 2.2 Consequences 3 The second browser war 4 Other browser competition 4.1 Microsoft Windows 4.2 Linux and Unix 4.3 Mac OS X 4.4 Mobile devices 5 References 6 Notes 7 See also 8 External links

Early browser competitions

In the early 1990s a variety of graphic-oriented World Wide Web browsers were developed. The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.

The World Wide Web system competed against other information communication methods such as Hypercard and Gopher;it would go on to vastly outgrow those. HyperCard was an Application program created by Bill Atkinson for Apple Computer Inc For other uses see Gopher. Gopher is a distributed Document search and retrieval Network protocol designed WorldWideWeb (later renamed Nexus), which came out in 1991 for the NeXTstep platform would soon have many peers. WorldWideWeb was the world's first Web browser and WYSIWYG HTML editor. Nextstep was the original object-oriented, multitasking Operating system that NeXT Computer developed to run on its range of proprietary computers libwww followed and was a WorldWideWeb port to other platforms. Libwww is a highly-modular client-side web API written in C for Unix and Windows, and is also the name of the reference implementation of this API [1] Many others were becoming available including Line-mode, ViolaWWW (Unix), Erwise(Unix), MidasWWW(Unix), and MacWWW(a. A line-mode browser is a form of Web browser that is operated from a single Command line. ViolaWWW, first developed in the early 1990s was the first popular Web browser (though to a limited audience which until Mosaic, was the most frequently used web Erwise was a popular Web browser in the early days of the World Wide Web. MidasWWW was one of the earliest Web browsers developed at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC MacWWW also known as Samba is an early Web browser from 1992 meant to run on Macintosh computers k. a Samba)(Mac) by the end of 1992. This resulted in some choice among browsers and the first real competition among them. This was primarily true for Unix, which now had several different graphical and text browsers available.

By 1993 Mosaic, developed at NCSA would start to overtake those early browsers. Mosaic is the browser which popularized the World Wide Web. It was also a browser for earlier concepts such as Ftp, Usenet, and Gopher The National Center for Supercomputing Applications ( NCSA) is one of five original centers in the National Science Foundation 's Supercomputer Centers Program and a In 1993 Cello, Arena, and Lynx also came out. Cello was an early Web browser and Gopher client for Windows 3 An arena is an enclosed area often circular or oval-shaped designed to showcase Theater, musical performances or sporting events Lynx is a free Open-source, text-only Web browser and Gopher client for use on cursor-addressable character cell terminals.

Mosaic's new features caught the attention of many. In the October 1994 Issue of Wired, Gary Wolfe notes in the article, "The (Second Phase of the) Revolution Has Begun: Don't look now, but Prodigy, AOL, and CompuServe are all suddenly obsolete - and Mosaic is well on its way to becoming the world's standard interface. Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 This article refers to the now defunct Prodigy Communications Corporation that was purchased by SBC Communications Inc CompuServe, ( CompuServe Information Service, also known by its acronym CIS) was the first major commercial Online service in the United States "

Several companies licensed Mosaic to create their own commercial browsers, such as Spry Mosaic and Spyglass Mosaic. Mosaic is the browser which popularized the World Wide Web. It was also a browser for earlier concepts such as Ftp, Usenet, and Gopher By 1994, Mosaic faced competition from its shells and new browsers including IBM Web Explorer, Navipress, SlipKnot (1. IBM WebExplorer was an early Web browser designed at IBM facilities in the Research Triangle Park for OS/2. SlipKnot was one of the earliest World Wide Web browsers, available to Microsoft Windows users between November 1994 and January 1998 0), MacWeb, IBrowse, and most significantly Netscape Navigator. MacWeb was an early Mac OS -only Web browser for 68k and PowerPC Apple Macintosh computers developed by TradeWave IBrowse is an MUI -based Web browser for the Amiga range of computers and was a rewritten follow-on to Amiga Mosaic, one of the first web Netscape Navigator and Netscape are the names for the proprietary Web browser popular in the 1990s and the Flagship product of the Netscape

One of the Mosaic developers, Marc Andreessen, founded the company Mosaic Communications Corporation and created a new web browser named Mosaic Netscape. Marc Andreessen (born July 9, 1971, in Cedar Falls Iowa and raised in New Lisbon Wisconsin, United States) is known as a entrepreneur To resolve legal issues with NCSA, the company was renamed Netscape Communications Corporation and the browser Netscape Navigator. Netscape Communications (formerly known as Netscape Communications Corporation and commonly known as Netscape) is an American computer services company Netscape Navigator and Netscape are the names for the proprietary Web browser popular in the 1990s and the Flagship product of the Netscape The Netscape browser improved on Mosaic's usability and reliability, and it soon dominated the market by 1995, helped by the fact that "evaluation copies" of the browser were downloadable without restrictions or cost.

By 1995, Netscape faced some new competition from OmniWeb, WebRouser, and Microsoft's Internet Explorer 1. OmniWeb is a Web browser developed by The Omni Group for the Mac OS X Operating system. WebRouser was a 1995 Web browser, based on Mosaic with a number of additional capabilities including Plugins client-side image maps Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical 0. By 1996 the market exploded with half a dozen new browsers as well as updates to older browsers, with Netscape releasing version 2. 0 and 3. 0 that year. Netscape was on top, but would soon be facing heavy competition from Internet Explorer in 1997.

The first browser war

By mid-1995, the World Wide Web gradually began receiving a great deal of attention in the popular culture and mass media. Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" Netscape Navigator was the dominant and most widely used web browser at that time, while Microsoft had just licensed Mosaic as the basis of Internet Explorer 1. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer 0 which it released as part of the Microsoft Windows 95 Plus! Pack in August 1995. Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented Graphical user interface -based Operating system. Microsoft Plus! is a commercial Operating system enhancement product by Microsoft. Internet Explorer 2. 0 was released three months later, and by then the race was on.

New versions of Netscape Navigator (later Netscape Communicator) and Internet Explorer were released at a rapid pace over the following few years. Netscape Communicator is an Internet suite that was produced by Netscape Communications Corporation. Features often took priority over bug fixes, and therefore the browser wars were a time of unstable browsers, shaky Web standards compliance, frequent crashes, and many security holes. Internet Explorer only began to approach par with its competition with version 3. 0 (1996), which offered scripting support and the market's first commercial Cascading Style Sheets implementation.

In October 1997, Internet Explorer 4. 0 was released. The release party in San Francisco featured a ten-foot-tall letter "e" logo. Netscape employees showing up to work the following morning found that giant logo on their front lawn, with a sign attached which read "From the IE team. " The Netscape employees promptly knocked it over and set a giant figure of their Mozilla dinosaur mascot atop it, holding a sign reading "Netscape 72, Microsoft 18" (representing the market distribution). Mozilla was the official public original name of Mozilla Application Suite by the Mozilla Foundation, currently known as SeaMonkey suite. ^[1]

Internet Explorer 4 changed the tides of the browser wars. It was faster and it adopted the W3C's published specifications more faithfully than Netscape Navigator 4. 0. Unlike Netscape, it provided the possibility for truly "dynamic" pages in which the flow of the text and images of the page could be altered after the page was loaded. Installing Internet Explorer 4. 0 was considered as a system upgrade that would provide more capabilities such as MP3 playback and, optionally, the Windows Desktop Update. MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a Digital audio encoding format using a form of Lossy data compression Microsoft 's Windows Desktop Update was an optional feature included with Internet Explorer 4, which introduced several updated shell features to the

During these times it was common for web designers to display 'best viewed in Netscape' or 'best viewed in Internet Explorer' logos. These images often identified a specific browser version and were commonly linked to a source from which the "preferred" browser could be downloaded. To some extent, these logos were indicative of the divergence between the "standards" supported by the browsers and signified which browser was used for testing the pages. Supporters of the notion that web sites should be interoperable with any browser started the "Viewable With Any Browser" campaign.

A lot was at stake for these two companies involved in the browser wars. A popular web browser could earn a great deal of money: search engine companies would bid to be the default tool used in the web browser, and other companies with a web presence would bid to be listed in the default set of bookmarks which was preinstalled with the browser. Since a web browser is a powerful gateway to a great deal of information, the company which controlled this gateway could conceivably have a great deal of influence over its users.

Internet Explorer dominance

Microsoft had three strong advantages in the browser wars. One was resources: Netscape began with about 80% market share and a good deal of public goodwill, but as a relatively small company deriving the great bulk of its income from what was essentially a single product (Navigator and its derivatives), it was financially vulnerable. Netscape's total revenue never exceeded the interest income generated by Microsoft's cash on hand.

Another advantage was that Microsoft Windows had over 90% share of the operating system market. IE was bundled with every copy of Windows; therefore Microsoft was able to increase its market share. Furthermore IE remained free as the enormous revenues from Windows were used to fund its development and marketing, resulting in rapid improvements.

Thirdly it was faster and it adopted the W3C's published specifications more faithfully than Netscape Navigator 4. 0. Unlike Netscape, it provided the possibility for truly "dynamic" pages in which the flow of the text and images of the page could be altered after the page was loaded.

Other Microsoft actions also hurt Netscape, such as these:

• Microsoft created a licensing agreement with AOL to base AOL's primary interface on IE rather than Netscape.
• Microsoft purchased and released a web authoring tool, FrontPage, making it easy to utilize proprietary extensions and non-standard HTML code in web pages. Microsoft FrontPage (later full name Microsoft Office FrontPage) is a WYSIWYG HTML editor and Web site administration tool from Microsoft
• Microsoft included support for CSS in IE. Some web designers found it easier to write their pages for IE only then to support Netscape's proprietary LAYER extensions.
• Microsoft locked up a large portion of the Macintosh browser market in 1997 as part of its agreement with Apple that year. The agreement made Internet Explorer the default browser on the Mac for five years.

The effect of these actions was to "cut off Netscape's air supply" as stated by a Microsoft executive during the United States v. Microsoft case. United States v Microsoft There were many civil actions taking place in May 18 1998 This, together with several bad business decisions on Netscape's part, led to Netscape's defeat by the end of 1998, after which the company was acquired by America Online for USD $4. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 2 billion. Internet Explorer became the new dominant browser, attaining a peak of about 96% of the web browser usage share during 2002, more than Netscape had at its peak. Usage share, in Web browser statistics is the percentage of visitors to a group of web sites that use a particular browser

The first browser war ended when Internet Explorer ceased to have any serious competition for its market share. This also brought an end to the rapid innovation in web browsers; until 2006 there was only one new version of Internet Explorer since version 6. 0 was released in 2001. Internet Explorer 6.0 Service Pack 1 was developed as part of Windows XP SP1, and integrated into Windows Server 2003. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 (commonly abbreviated to IE6 is a graphical Web browser developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Windows Server 2003 (also referred to as Win2K3 is a server Operating system produced by Microsoft. Further enhancements were made to Internet Explorer in Windows XP SP2 (released in 2004), including a pop-up blocker and stronger default security settings against the installation of ActiveX controls. Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and

Consequences

The browser wars encouraged two specific kinds of behavior among their combatants.

1. Adding new features instead of fixing bugs: A web browser had to have more new features than its competition, or else it would be considered to be "falling behind. " But with limited manpower to put towards development, this often meant that quality assurance suffered and that the software was released with serious bugs.
2. Adding proprietary features instead of obeying standards: A web browser is expected to follow the standards set down by standards committees (for example, by adhering to the HTML specifications). But competition and innovation required that web browsers extend the standards with proprietary features (such as the HTML tags <font>, <marquee>, and <blink>) without waiting for committee approval. The marquee tag is a non-standard HTML markup element type which causes text to scroll up down left or right The blink element is a non-standard presentational HTML element that indicates to a User agent (generally a Web browser) that the page author intends the Sometimes these extensions led to useful techniques that were adopted by other browsers, such as the XMLHttpRequest technology that resulted in Ajax. XMLHttpRequest ( XHR) is an API that can be used by JavaScript and other Web browser Scripting languages to transfer XML More often than not, however, these extensions proved harmful.

Support for web standards was severely weakened. For years, innovation in web development stagnated as developers had to use obsolete and unnecessarily complex techniques to ensure their pages would render properly in Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer. Netscape Navigator 4 and IE6 lacked full compliance with several standards, such as CSS and the PNG image format. Portable Network Graphics ( PNG) is a bitmapped image format that employs Lossless data compression.

The near-universal adoption of Internet Explorer had also created a monoculture which has widened the damage done by malicious code. Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing one single crop over a wide area Malware, a Portmanteau word from the words '''mal'''icious and soft'''ware''', is software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without

The second browser war

After Mozilla Firefox 1. 0 release on 9 November 2004, Mozilla and Mozilla-based browsers have established a growing niche in the browser market. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

In 2003, Microsoft announced that Internet Explorer 6 Service Pack 1 would be the last standalone version of its browser. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 (commonly abbreviated to IE6 is a graphical Web browser developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Future enhancements would be dependent on Windows Vista, which would include new tools such as the WPF and XAML to enable developers to build extensive Web applications. Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops The Windows Presentation Foundation (or WPF) formerly code-named Avalon, is a graphical subsystem in. Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML pronounced zammel) is a declarative XML -based language created by Microsoft which is used to initialize

In response, in April 2004, the Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software joined efforts to develop new open technology standards which add more capability while remaining backward-compatible with existing technologies. The Mozilla Foundation is a Non-profit organization that exists to support and provide leadership for the Open source Mozilla project Opera Software ( is a Norwegian corporation primarily known for its Opera family of web browsers ^[3] The result of this collaboration was the WHATWG, a working group devoted to the fast creation of new standard definitions which would be submitted to the W3C for approval. The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group, or WHATWG, is a community of people interested in evolving HTML and related technologies

On 15 February 2005, Microsoft announced that Internet Explorer 7 would be available for Windows XP SP2 and later versions of Windows by mid-2005. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[4] The announcement introduced the new version of the browser as a major upgrade over Internet Explorer 6 SP1.

On 20 June 2006, Opera Software released Opera 9. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The history of the Opera web browser began in 1994 when it was as a research project at Telenor, the largest Norwegian telecommunications company It included an integrated source viewer, a BitTorrent client implementation, widgets, and passed the Acid2 test. BitTorrent is a Peer-to-peer File sharing protocol used to distribute large amounts of Data. Acid2 is a test page published and promoted by the Web Standards Project to identify Web page rendering flaws in Web browsers and other applications

On 18 October 2006, Microsoft released Internet Explorer 7. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. It included tabbed browsing, a search bar, a phishing filter, and improved support for Web standards. In the field of computer security phishing is the Criminally Fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames Passwords Microsoft distributed Internet Explorer 7 to genuine Windows users as a high priority update through Windows Update. Windows Update is a service provided by Microsoft for users of Microsoft Windows which provides updates for the Operating system and its installed components ^[5] Typical market share analysis showed slow uptake of Internet Explorer 7, and after statistics in September 2007 from w3schools. com showed Mozilla Firefox at 35. 4% had taken over from Internet Explorer 6 at 34. 9% as the most popular browser^[6] with Internet Explorer 7 lagging behind in third place at 20. 8%, Microsoft dropped the requirement for WGA for Internet Explorer 7 one year later, in October 2007. Windows Genuine Advantage ( WGA) is an anti- piracy system created by Microsoft that enforces Microsoft Windows online validation of the authenticity ^[7]

On 24 October 2006, Mozilla released Mozilla Firefox 2. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 0. It included the ability to reopen recently closed tabs, a session restore feature to resume work where it had been left after a crash, a phishing filter and a spell-checker for text fields.

An October 2006 Softpedia article notes, "IE6 had the lion's share of the browser market with 77. 22%. Internet Explorer 7 had climbed to 3. 18%, while Firefox 2. 0 was at 0. 69%"^[8]

On 6 June 2007, Apple released a beta version of Safari 3 for Microsoft Windows, officially entering the second browser war. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Safari is a Web browser developed by Apple Inc and included in Mac OS X. With only 5. 82% of the browser marketshare, Safari is still 3rd in the race and is the only browser other than IE and Firefox to get more than 1% of the market. Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical ^[9]

On 28 December 2007, Netscape announced that support for Netscape Navigator would be discontinued on 2008-02-01, suggesting its users to migrate to Mozilla Firefox. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[10]

On 19 December 2007, Microsoft announced that an internal build of Internet Explorer 8 has passed the Acid2 test in "IE8 standards mode". Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

On 28 January 2008, Netscape announced that support for Netscape Navigator would be extended to 1 March 2008, and mentioned Flock, alongside Mozilla Firefox, as an alternative to its users. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Flock is a Web browser built on Mozilla’s Firefox Codebase that specializes in providing social networking and Web 2 In early 2008 Netscape has about . 6% market share. [2]

Other browser competition

Microsoft Windows

Although it currently only has a small desktop usage share, Opera is the third most popular browser on Windows (it is also available on other platforms, including Linux, Mac OS X, the Nintendo DS and Wii, as well as the Symbian S60 platform). A desktop computer is a Personal computer (PC in a form intended for regular use at a single location as opposed to a mobile Laptop or portable computer Opera is a Web browser and Internet suite developed by the Opera Software company The is a dual-screen Handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. In September 2005, Opera removed the ad banner and licensing fee from their browser with the release of Opera 8. 5. Their stated goal was to replace Firefox as the second most used web browser. In June, 2007, Apple's Safari browser was released for Windows in beta form. In March, 2008, Apple released Safari 3. 1 and began including it as a pre-selected update in the Apple Software Update program. ^[11] Since then, Safari's market share on Windows has tripled. ^[12]

Other notable browsers for Windows are SeaMonkey (a replacement for the Mozilla Application Suite and the discontinued Netscape 9). SeaMonkey is a free, Open source, and Cross-platform Internet suite. The Mozilla Application Suite (originally known as Mozilla, marketed as the Mozilla Suite, and Code named SeaMonkey) is a Cross-platform Netscape Navigator and Netscape are the names for the proprietary Web browser popular in the 1990s and the Flagship product of the Netscape Front ends for the IE shell like Maxthon, Avant Browser and Enigma Browser that added features like tabbed browsing to IE were once popular, but with the advent of Internet Explorer 7, are falling out of use. Maxthon (pronounced and formerly known as MyIE2) is a China -based Freeware (more specifically Donateware) Web browser for Windows Avant Browser is a popular Freeware Web browser from a Chinese programmer named Anderson Che which unites the Trident layout engine built into The Enigma Browser was previously a Shareware Internet Explorer shell but is now Freeware. Internet Explorer 7 now also includes tabbed browsing.

Linux and Unix

The Unix-based Konqueror browser is part of the KDE project and is the primary competitor against Mozilla-based browsers (Firefox, Mozilla/SeaMonkey, Epiphany, Galeon, etc. Konqueror is a Web browser, File manager and File viewer designed as a core part of the K Desktop Environment. KDE ( K Desktop Environment) (ˌkeɪdiːˈiː is a Free software project which aims to be a powerful system for an easy-to-use Desktop environment. The Mozilla Application Suite (originally known as Mozilla, marketed as the Mozilla Suite, and Code named SeaMonkey) is a Cross-platform SeaMonkey is a free, Open source, and Cross-platform Internet suite. Epiphany is a Web browser for the GNOME graphical computing desktop Galeon is a Web browser for GNOME based on Mozilla ’s Gecko layout engine. ) for market share on Unix-like systems. Konqueror's KHTML engine is an API for the KDE desktop. KHTML is the HTML Layout engine developed by the KDE project It is the engine used by the Konqueror web browser Derivative browsers and web-browsing functionality (for example, Amarok has a Wikipedia sidebar that gives information about the current artist) based on KDE use KHTML. Amarok (ˈæməɹɒk is a Free software music player for Linux or other varieties of Unix. ^[13]

Mac OS X

Safari is Apple's web browser and is the most popular web browser for Mac OS X^[14] The web browser is based on WebKit, a derivative of the KHTML engine. Safari is a Web browser developed by Apple Inc and included in Mac OS X. WebKit is an Open source Application framework that provides a foundation upon which to build a Web browser. KHTML is the HTML Layout engine developed by the KDE project It is the engine used by the Konqueror web browser Other Mac browsers including Shiira, and OmniWeb use the WebKit API, and many other Macintosh programs add web-browsing functionality through WebKit. Shiira (シイラ Japanese for the common dolphin-fish) is a Web browser for the Mac OS X Operating system. OmniWeb is a Web browser developed by The Omni Group for the Mac OS X Operating system. WebKit is an Open source Application framework that provides a foundation upon which to build a Web browser. WebKit is an Open source Application framework that provides a foundation upon which to build a Web browser. ^[15]

Camino is a Mozilla-based Gecko browser for the Mac OS X platform, and uses Mac's native Cocoa interface like Safari does, instead of Mozilla's XUL which is used in Firefox. Camino (Spanish for way / path / road) is a free, Open source, GUI-based Web browser based on Mozilla Gecko is a Layout engine currently developed by Mozilla Corporation, known as the layout engine of the Firefox web browser Mozilla Application Cocoa is Apple Inc 's native Object-oriented application program environment for the Mac OS X Operating system XUL (pronounced zool ( the XML User Interface Language, an XML User interface markup language developed by the Mozilla project

Mobile devices

Opera Mini is a popular web browser on mobile devices such as most J2ME Java enabled internet connected dumbphones and smartphones because of its small footprint. Opera Mini is a Web browser designed primarily for Mobile phones but also for Smartphones and Personal digital assistants It uses the A smartphone is a Mobile phone offering advanced capabilities beyond a typical mobile phone often with PC -like functionality Memory footprint refers to the amount of main memory that a program uses or references while running Opera Mobile for smartphones main competition is from Netfront. NetFront is a Microbrowser for embedded devices Mainly deployed on Mobile phones, NetFront is available for multiple platforms and has been deployed in Sony developed a mobile browser for their PSP. PC Site Viewer, the web browser included on many Japanese cellular phones, is based on Opera. In February, 2006 it was announced that Nintendo "will release an add-on card" with a version of Opera for the Nintendo DS (Nintendo DS Browser). is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Kyoto Japan founded on The is a dual-screen Handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. The Nintendo DS Browser is a version of the Opera Web browser for use on the Nintendo DS, developed by Opera Software and Nintendo ^[16]. This DS browser has since been criticized for its lack of Flash support and slowness. Opera is also used as a web browser on the Wii console.

Windows Mobile comes with Pocket Internet Explorer by default and competes with Opera Mobile, Netfront and Mozilla's Minimo. Windows Mobile is a compact Operating system combined with a suite of basic applications for Mobile devices based on the Microsoft Win32 Internet Explorer Mobile or IE Mobile (formerly named Pocket Internet Explorer or PIE before Windows Mobile 5 Minimo (from "Mini Mozilla" was a project to create a version of the Mozilla Web browser for small devices like PDAs and Mobile phones

Safari, Apple's browser based on WebKit/KHTML, comes with iPhone and iPod Touch. Safari is a Web browser developed by Apple Inc and included in Mac OS X. The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc The iPod Touch (trademarked and marketed as the iPod touch and sometimes colloquially referred to as the iTouch) is a Portable media player and Safari has the highest marketshare of all mobile browsers. ^[17]

References

• DOJ/Antitrust: U. S. Department of Justice Antitrust Division. Civil Action No. 98-1232 (Antitrust) Complaint, United States of America v. Microsoft Corporation. May 18, 1998. Press release: Justice Department Files Antitrust Suit Against Microsoft for Unlawfully Monopolizing Computer Software Markets

Notes

See also

• Usage share of web browsers
• Comparison of web browsers

External links

• Browser Statistics – Month by month comparison spanning from 2002 and onward displaying the usage share of browsers among web developers. Usage share, in Web browser statistics is the percentage of visitors to a group of web sites that use a particular browser The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of Web browsers Please see the individual products' articles for further information
• Browser Stats – Chuck Upsdell's Browser Statistics
• Browser Stats – Net Applications' Browser Statistics
• Browser Wars II: The Saga Continues – an article about the development of the browser wars
• Browser Wars 2 - An article about the second browser war
• Memoirs From the Browser Wars – an article about the history of browser wars
• Thomas Haigh, "Protocols for Profit: Web and Email Technologies as Product and Infrastructure" in The Internet & American Business, eds. Ceruzzi & Aspray, MIT Press, 2008- business & technological history of web browsers, online preprint

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