Brown Trout
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes Family: Salmonidae Genus: Salmo Species: S. The conservation status of a Species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future Least Concern ( LC) is an IUCN category assigned to extant species or lower taxa which have been evaluated but do not qualify for any other category The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. Salmonidae is a family of Ray-finned fish, the only living family of the order Salmoniformes. Salmonidae is a family of Ray-finned fish, the only living family of the order Salmoniformes. See Salmo British Columbia for the Canadian village of the same name trutta
Binomial name
Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758
Morphs
Salmo trutta morpha trutta Salmo trutta morpha fario Salmo trutta morpha lacustris

The brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha fario and S. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for The book Systema Naturae was one of the major works of the Swedish doctor of medicine Carolus Linnaeus. Polymorphism in biology occurs when two or more clearly different Phenotypes exist in the same population of a species — in other words the occurrence of more than one Polymorphism in biology occurs when two or more clearly different Phenotypes exist in the same population of a species — in other words the occurrence of more than one trutta morpha lacustris) and the sea trout (S. trutta morpha trutta) are fish of the same species. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two

They are distinguished chiefly by the fact that the brown trout is largely a freshwater fish, while the sea trout shows anadromous reproduction, migrating to the oceans for much of its life and returning to freshwater only to spawn. Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved Many types of fish undertake migrations on a regular basis on time scales ranging from daily to annual and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. Spawning is the production or depositing of large quantities of eggs in water ^[1]

The lacustrine morph of brown trout is most usually potamodromous, migrating from lakes into rivers or streams to spawn, although there is some evidence of stocks that spawn on wind-swept shorelines of lakes. Polymorphism in biology occurs when two or more clearly different Phenotypes exist in the same population of a species — in other words the occurrence of more than one Many types of fish undertake migrations on a regular basis on time scales ranging from daily to annual and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers S. trutta morpha fario form stream-resident populations, typically in alpine streams but sometimes in larger rivers. There is evidence that anadromous and non-anadromous morphs coexisting in the same river can be genetically identical. ^[2] In common usage, the name "brown trout" is often applied indiscriminately to the various morphs.

The brown trout is normally considered to be native to Europe and Asia but the natural distribution of the migratory forms may be, in fact, circumpolar. There are also landlocked populations far from the oceans, for example in Greece and Estonia. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region The fish is not considered to be endangered although, in some cases, individual stocks are under various degrees of stress mainly through habitat degradation, overharvest and artificial propagation leading to introgression. An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular Species of Fish, for which intrinsic parameters (growth recruitment mortality and fishing mortality are Overfishing occurs when Fishing activities reduce fish stocks below an acceptable level For molecular conservation in genetics see Conservation (genetics. S. trutta morpha fario prefers cold (though in comparison with other trout, this species has a somewhat higher temperature preference of about 60-65 F, or 15. 5-18. 3 C), well-oxygenated upland waters, especially large streams in mountainous areas. Oxygenation refers to the amount of Oxygen in a medium In Blood it may be taken to be synonymous with Saturation, which describes the degree to which Cover is important to trout, and they are more likely to be found where there are submerged rocks, undercut banks, and overhanging vegetation.

Brown trout

The brown trout is a medium sized fish, growing to 20 kg or more in some localities although in many smaller rivers a mature weight of 1 kg (2 lb) or less is common. The current International Game Fish Association (IGFA) world "all tackle" record brown trout, 18. 25 kg (40 pounds, 4 ounces), was caught in May 1992 from the Little Red River, Arkansas by Howard "Rip" Collins. Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. ^[3]

Brown trout may live for several years but, as with the Atlantic salmon, there is a high proportion of death of males after spawning and probably fewer than 20% of female kelts recover from spawning. Atlantic salmon, known scientifically as Salmo salar, is a species of Fish in the family Salmonidae, which is found in the northern The migratory forms grow to significantly larger sizes and may live longer. Brown trout are active both by day and by night and are opportunistic feeders. While in fresh water, the diet will frequently include invertebrates from the streambed, small fish, frogs, and insects flying near the water's surface. A stream bed is the channel bottom of a Stream or River or creek the physical confine of the normal water flow This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating. The high dietary reliance upon insect larvae, pupae, nymphs and adults is what allows trout to be a favoured target for fly fishing. Fly fishing is a distinct and ancient Angling method most renowned as a method for catching Trout and Salmon, but employed today for a wide variety of Sea trout are especially fished for at night using wet flies. Artificial fly is an Angling term closely associated with the sport of Fly fishing although artificial flies may be used in other forms of angling

The spawning behaviour of brown trout is similar to that of the closely related Atlantic salmon. A typical female produces about 2,000 eggs per kilogram (900 eggs per pound) of body weight at spawning. Brown trout rarely form hybrids, almost invariably infertile, with other species. One such example is the tiger trout, a hybrid with the brook trout. The tiger trout ( Salmo trutta X Salvelinus fontinalis) is a sterile Intergeneric hybrid of the Brown trout ( Salmo trutta) and the The brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, (sometimes called the eastern brook trout, Adirondack coaster lake trout) is a Species of Fish

Trout is a favourite food fish, and is used both fresh and smoked; there are many recipes for it, and it may be eaten fried, grilled, baked, cured or microwaved. Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such A recipe is a set of instructions that show how to prepare or make something especially a culinary dish. A microwave oven, or a microwave, is a Kitchen appliance that cooks or heats Food by Dielectric heating.

The specific epithet trutta derives from the Latin trutta, meaning, literally, "trout". In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Stocking, farming and non-native brown trout

Fish in the Faroe Islands:
Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario)
Faroese stamp issued: 7 Feb 1994
Artist: Astrid Andreasen

The species has been widely introduced for purposes of sport into North America, South America, Australia and New Zealand. The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Astrid Jóhanna Andreasen (born 1948 in Vestmanna, Faroe Islands) is a Faroese textile and graphical artist marine researcher and postage stamp designer An introduced species (also known as naturalized species or exotic species) is an Organism that is not indigenous to a given location but Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Brown trout have had serious negative impacts on upland native fish species in some of the countries where they have been introduced, particularly Australia. In studies of the Ecology of Freshwater Rivers habitats are classified as upland and lowland. Because of the trout's importance as a food and game fish, it has been artificially propagated and stocked in many places in its range, and fully natural populations (uncontaminated by allopatric genomes) probably exist only in isolated places, for example in Corsica or in high alpine valleys on the European mainland. For the third season episode of Star Trek Enterprise, see " Hatchery (Star Trek Enterprise " Allopatric speciation, also known as geographic Speciation, is the phenomenon whereby biological populations are physically isolated by an extrinsic barrier In classical genetics the genome of a Diploid Organism including Eukarya refers to a full set of chromosomes or genes in a Gamete, thereby Corsica (Corse Corsican and Italian: Corsica) is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily

Farming of brown trout has included the production of infertile triploid fish by increasing the water temperature just after fertilisation of eggs, or more reliably by a process known as pressure shocking. Polyploidy occurs in cells and Organisms when there are more than two homologous sets of Chromosomes. Triploids are favoured by anglers because they grow faster and larger than diploid trout. Angling is a method of Fishing by means of an "angle" ( hook) "Haplo" redirects here For the fictional character see The Death Gate Cycle. Proponents of the stocking of triploids argue that, because they are infertile, they can be introduced into an environment that contains wild brown trout without the negative effects of cross-breeding. However, it is possible that stocking triploids may damage wild stocks in other ways. Triploids certainly compete with diploid fish for food, space and other resources. They could also be more aggressive than diploid fish and they may disturb spawning behaviour.

Sea trout populations in recent years have seriously declined due to infestation by sea lice from salmon farms. A sea louse (plural sea lice) is a name given to any oceanic stinging Larvae, which includes many juvenile Cnidarians (notably Linuche unguiculata ^[4]

References

1. ^ Trout Science: "Science of Trout"
2. ^ Aquatic Living Resources: "Lack of genetic differentiation between anadromous and resident sympatric brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a Normandy population."
3. ^ (Story with images).
4. ^ Clover, Charles. 2004. The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat. Ebury Press, London. ISBN 0-09-189780-7

Further reading

• World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). Salmo trutta. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
• Salmo trutta (TSN 161997). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Integrated Taxonomic Information System ( ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the Taxonomy of biological Species Retrieved on 30 January 2006. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
• "Salmo trutta". FishBase. FishBase is a comprehensive Database of information about Fish. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2005 version. N. p. : FishBase, 2005.
• Clover, Charles. 2004. The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat. Ebury Press, London. ISBN 0-09-189780-7
• Heacox, Cecil E. (1974). The Complete Brown Trout. New York: Winchester Press. ISBN 0876911297.  

External links

• Life Cycle of the Sea Trout
• Images and Distribution map of Salmo trutta trutta