Brooklyn
—  Borough of New York City  —
Kings County
19th-century rowhouses on tree-lined Kent Street in Greenpoint Historic District. In New York City, a borough is a unique form of government which administers the five fundamental constituent parts that make up the consolidated city
Location of Brooklyn shown in yellow.
Coordinates: 40°37′29″N 73°57′8″W / 40.62472, -73.95222
Country	United States
State	New York
County	Kings
City	New York City
Settled	1634
Government
- Borough president	Marty Markowitz
Area
- Total	96. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Kings County or King's County is the name of several counties around the world Canada Kings County New Brunswick Kings The City of New York Borough President (informally BP, or Beep in slang is an elective office in each of the five boroughs of New York City. Marty Markowitz is the Borough President of Brooklyn, New York City. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 90 sq mi (251 km²)
- Land	70. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 61 sq mi (182. 9 km²)
- Water	26. 29 sq mi (68. 1 km²)
Population
- Total	2,465,326
- Density	34,916. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/sq mi (13,481. 4/km²)
Website: Official Website of the Brooklyn Borough President

Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Breukelen is a municipality and town in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. In New York City, a borough is a unique form of government which administers the five fundamental constituent parts that make up the consolidated city The City of New York An independent city until its consolidation into New York in 1898, Brooklyn is New York City's most populous borough, with more than 2. 5 million residents. ^[1] If the borough were still an independent city, it would be the fourth-largest city in the United States (and the remaining four boroughs of New York would still be the largest). Brooklyn is coterminous with Kings County, which is the most populous county in New York State, and the second most densely populated county in the United States (after New York County, which is the borough of Manhattan). Kings County or King's County is the name of several counties around the world Canada Kings County New Brunswick Kings Administrative divisions of New York State differ from those in certain other countries and most U New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York ^[2]

Though a part of New York City, Brooklyn maintains its own personality. The City of New York It is characterized by cultural diversity, an independent art scene, distinct neighborhoods, and a unique architectural heritage. These are the Neighborhoods of Brooklyn, one of five boroughs of New York City, USA

History of Brooklyn

Main article: History of Brooklyn

The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle the area on the western edge of Long Island, which was then largely inhabited by the Canarsie Native American tribe. The history of Brooklyn a present-day borough of New York City, spans over 350 years The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The first Dutch settlement was Midwout (Midwood) which was established in 1634. Midwood is a Neighborhood in the south central part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, New York, USA, roughly halfway ^[3] The Dutch also purchased land in the 1630s from the Mohawks around present day Gowanus, Red Hook, the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and Bushwick. Mohawk ( Kanienkeh, Kanienkehaka or Kanien’Kahake, meaning "People of the Flint" are an indigenous people of North America Gowanus is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Red Hook is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA. The United States Navy Yard New York - better known as the Brooklyn Navy Yard or the New York Naval Shipyard (NYNSY - is an American shipyard located Bushwick is a neighborhood in the northeastern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. ^[3] The Village of Breuckelen was authorized by the Dutch West India Company in 1646 and became the first municipality in what is now New York State. Dutch West India Company ( Dutch: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie or GWC; English: Chartered West India Company was a company of At the time, Breuckelen was part of New Netherland. New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin Novum Belgium or Nova Belgica) 1614–1674 is the name of the former Dutch territory on the eastern coast

The Dutch lost Breuckelen in the British conquest of New Netherland in 1664. In 1683, the British reorganized the Province of New York into 12 counties, each of which was sub-divided into towns. The Province of New York (1664-1776 (Provincie New York resulted from the capture of the Dutch Republic colony of Provincie Nieuw-Nederland by the Over time, the name evolved from Breuckelen, to Brockland, to Brocklin, to Brookline, and eventually, Brooklyn. ^[3] Kings County was one of the original 12 counties, and Brooklyn was one of the original six towns within Kings County. The county was named in honor of King Charles II of England. TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

In August and September 1776, the Battle of Long Island (also called the "Battle of Brooklyn") was fought in Kings County. Background On March 17 1776 the British fleet retreated to Halifax Nova Scotia to refit after the end of the year-long Siege of Boston. It was the first major battle in the American Revolutionary War following the Declaration of Independence, and the largest battle of the entire conflict. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" This article is about declarations of independence in general New York, and Brooklyn along with it, gained independence from the British with the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, and approved by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784, formally

The first half of the 19th century saw urban areas grow along the economically strategic East River waterfront, across from New York City. The county had two cities: the City of Brooklyn and the City of Williamsburgh. Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bordering Greenpoint, Bedford-Stuyvesant, and Bushwick Brooklyn annexed Williamsburgh in 1854, which lost its final "h. " It took until 1896 for Brooklyn to annex all other parts of Kings County.

The building of rail links such as the Brighton Beach Line in 1878 heralded explosive growth, and in the space of a decade the City of Brooklyn annexed the Town of New Lots in 1886, the Town of Flatbush, the Town of Gravesend, and the Town of New Utrecht in 1894, and the Town of Flatlands in 1896. This article is an expansion of a section entitled '''History''' from within the main article New York City Subway The The BMT Brighton Line is a Rapid transit line of the B Division of the New York City Subway in Brooklyn, New York City, United Gravesend (pronounced "GRAVES end" not "grave SEND" is a neighborhood in the south-central section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn

Brooklyn had reached its natural municipal boundaries at the ends of Kings County. In 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was completed, and transportation to Manhattan was no longer by water only. The Brooklyn Bridge, one of the oldest Suspension bridges in the United States, stretches 5989 feet (1825 m over the East River connecting the The question became whether Brooklyn was prepared to engage in the still-grander process of consolidation then developing throughout the region. In 1894, Brooklyn residents voted by a slight majority to join with Manhattan, The Bronx, Queens and Richmond (later Staten Island) as the five boroughs to form modern New York City, effective in 1898. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name In New York City, a borough is a unique form of government which administers the five fundamental constituent parts that make up the consolidated city Kings County retained its status as one of New York State's counties.

Geography

See also: Geography and environment of New York City

Satellite image showing Brooklyn, center. The geography of New York City is characterized by its coastal position at the meeting of the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean in a naturally Manhattan is visible upper left. Staten Island is seen lower left, linked by the Verrazano Narrows Bridge. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is a double-decked Suspension bridge that connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn in New

Brooklyn is located on the westernmost point of Long Island and shares its only land boundary with Queens to the northeast. The westernmost section of this boundary is defined by Newtown Creek, which flows into the East River. Newtown Creek, is a Estuary that forms part of the border between the Boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, in New York City,

Brooklyn's waterfront faces different bodies of water. Northern Brooklyn's coast is defined by the East River, while middle Brooklyn adjoins Upper New York Bay. See also Geography and environment of New York City Upper New York Bay, sometimes called Upper New York Harbor or the Upper Bay, is This area of the waterfront features the Red Hook peninsula and the Erie Basin. Red Hook is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA. Buttermilk Channel separates this part of the waterfront from Governors Island. In New York City, Buttermilk Channel is a small tidal Strait in Upper New York Bay, approximately one mile long and one-fourth of a mile wide separating This article is about Governors Island in New York For other uses see Governors Island (disambiguation Governors Island is a 172- Acre (69 ha island Southwest is Gowanus Bay, connected to the Gowanus Canal. The Gowanus Canal, also known as the Gowanus Creek Canal, is a Canal in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, geographically At its south westernmost section, Brooklyn is separated from Staten Island by the Narrows, where Upper and Lower New York Bay meet. Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name

Brooklyn's southern coast includes the peninsula on which stretch Coney Island, Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach. Coney Island is a Peninsula, formerly an island in southernmost Brooklyn, New York City, USA with a Beach on the Atlantic Ocean BrightonCOOPsJPG|thumb|Newly built luxury condos on Brighton Beach]]BrightonSchool1438 Manhattan Beach is a residential neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The southeastern coast lies on island-dotted Jamaica Bay. See also Geography and environment of New York City Jamaica Bay is a Lagoon that lies in the shadow of New York City 's skyscrapers and is adjacent

The highest point in Brooklyn is the area around Prospect Park and Green-Wood Cemetery, rising approximately 200 feet (60 m) above sea level. Prospect Park is a 585 acre (24 km² public Park in the New York City borough of Brooklyn located between Park Slope, There is also a minor elevation in Downtown Brooklyn known as Brooklyn Heights. Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower by DSJPG|thumb|The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower is a prominent symbol of Downtown

According to the United States Census Bureau, the County has a total area of 251. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 0 km² (96. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 9 sq mi). The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 182. 9 km² (70. 6 sq mi) of it is land and 68. 1 km² (26. 3 sq mi) of it is water. 27. 13% of the total area is water.

Populations of wild Monk Parakeets, also known as the Quaker Parrot, live in Green-Wood Cemetery, Midwood, Flatbush, Marine Park, Bensonhurst, and Bay Ridge. The Monk Parakeet or Quaker Parrot ( Myiopsitta monachus) is a Species of Parrot, in most treatments the only member of the

Neighborhoods

See also: List of Brooklyn, New York neighborhoods

A typical Park Slope block. These are the Neighborhoods of Brooklyn, one of five boroughs of New York City, USA Park Slope is a neighborhood in the western section of Brooklyn, New York City's most populous borough.

The Saitta House, Dyker Heights.

Brooklyn is sometimes referred to as the borough of neighborhoods for its many well-defined neighborhoods, many of which developed from distinct towns and villages that date back to its founding in the Dutch colonial era in the early 1600s.

Today, Downtown Brooklyn is the third-largest central business district in New York City, after Midtown Manhattan and Lower Manhattan. Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower by DSJPG|thumb|The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower is a prominent symbol of Downtown See also Manhattan Midtown Manhattan, or simply Midtown, is an area of Manhattan, New York City home to world-famous commercial Lower Manhattan (or downtown Manhattan) is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the ^[4] It has many commercial towers and a rapidly increasing number of residential buildings.

The northwestern neighborhoods between the Brooklyn Bridge and Prospect Park, including Boerum Hill, Brooklyn Heights, Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, Clinton Hill, Vinegar Hill, DUMBO (an acronym for "Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass"), Fort Greene, Gowanus, Park Slope, Prospect Heights, and Red Hook, are characterized by many nineteenth century brick townhouses and brownstones. The Brooklyn Bridge, one of the oldest Suspension bridges in the United States, stretches 5989 feet (1825 m over the East River connecting the Prospect Park is a 585 acre (24 km² public Park in the New York City borough of Brooklyn located between Park Slope, Boerum Hill is a small neighborhood in the northwestern portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn that occupies 36 blocks bounded by State Street Carroll Gardens is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA. Cobble Hill is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA Clinton Hill is a neighborhood in north-central portion of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. Vinegar Hill is a Neighborhood in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City on the East River Waterfront between DUMBO DUMBO, an acronym for Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass, is a neighborhood in the New York City, New York borough of Brooklyn Fort Greene is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Gowanus is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Park Slope is a neighborhood in the western section of Brooklyn, New York City's most populous borough. Prospect Heights is a Neighborhood in the northwest of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Red Hook is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA. Brownstone is a brown Triassic Sandstone which was once a popular Building material. These neighborhoods include some of the most gentrified and affluent neighborhoods in Brooklyn, along with ample subway lines, cultural institutions, and high-end restaurants. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class

Farther north, along the East River lie Williamsburg and Greenpoint. The East River is a tidal Strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bordering Greenpoint, Bedford-Stuyvesant, and Bushwick Greenpoint is the northernmost Neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Traditionally working class communities with a vibrant cultural mix, many artists and hipsters have moved into the area since the late 1990s. In the late 1990s the 1940s slang term hipster began being used to describe young urban Middle class and Upper class adults with interests in non-mainstream fashion Further changing the area, the city completed an extensive rezoning of the Brooklyn waterfront in 2005 which will allow for many new residential condominiums. Williamsburg, like Boro Park, is home to a very large Ultra-Orthodox Jewish community. Borough Park (usually spelled by its residents Boro Park) is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn, in New Haredi or Chareidi Judaism is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. As prices have risen, redevelopment has moved eastward away from the waterfront into Bushwick along the L subway line. Bushwick is a neighborhood in the northeastern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The L 14th Street–Canarsie Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway, providing local service along the full length of the BMT Canarsie Line This is more than likely due to the Hipster (contemporary subculture) exodus along the L subway line. In the late 1990s the 1940s slang term hipster began being used to describe young urban Middle class and Upper class adults with interests in non-mainstream fashion The L 14th Street–Canarsie Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway, providing local service along the full length of the BMT Canarsie Line

Neighborhoods such as Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brownsville, East New York, and several parts of Bushwick in North Central and North East Brooklyn have some of if not the highest crime rates in New York City. Bedford-Stuyvesant (pron \ˈstī-və-sənt\ (also known as Bed-Stuy) is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City, USA, borough Brownsville also known as Bville and The hill is a low-income residential neighborhood located in eastern Brooklyn, New York. East New York is a low-income residential neighborhood located in eastern Brooklyn, a borough of New York City. Bushwick is a neighborhood in the northeastern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The City of New York Operation Impact (an operation to flood high crime neighborhoods with police officers to prevent or deter crime) will be sending 1/3 of their new recruits to the northern section alone. (There are 8 Task forces in New York City, and a third of the officers allocated to North Brooklyn alone). The City of New York

Central and southern Brooklyn contains many more architecturally and culturally distinct neighborhoods, some of which grew rapidly in the late 19th and early 20th century as upwardly-mobile immigrants moved out of tenement buildings in Manhattan neighborhoods like the Lower East Side. Borough Park is largely Ultra-Orthodox Jewish; Bedford-Stuyvesant is the largest black neighborhood in the country; Bensonhurst is an Italian American neighborhood, as is neighboring Dyker Heights and many other neighborhoods in Brooklyn. Borough Park (usually spelled by its residents Boro Park) is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn, in New Haredi or Chareidi Judaism is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. Bedford-Stuyvesant (pron \ˈstī-və-sənt\ (also known as Bed-Stuy) is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City, USA, borough Black is the Color of objects that do not emit or Reflect Light in any part of the Visible spectrum; they absorb all such frequencies of Bensonhurst is a neighborhood located in the south-central part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Dyker Heights is a residential neighborhood in the southwest corner of the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City, USA. However, there are also many Chinese and Russian families residing in Bensonhurst. Flatbush, East Flatbush and Fort Greene are home to a large number of middle-class black professionals. Flatbush is a community of the Borough of Brooklyn, a part of New York City, consisting of several neighborhoods East Flatbush is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Fort Greene is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Brighton Beach is home to many Russian -Americans. BrightonCOOPsJPG|thumb|Newly built luxury condos on Brighton Beach]]BrightonSchool1438 Since 1990, Brooklyn has seen a rise in new immigration to neighborhoods like Sunset Park, home to flourishing Mexican and Chinese American communities. Sunset Park is a Neighborhood in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA Demographic dynamics In 1900 the Mexican population was 136 million

Adjacent counties

• Hudson County - west
• Richmond County - southwest
• New York County - north
• Queens County - east

National protected area

• Gateway National Recreation Area (part)

Government

Main article: Government of New York City

Brooklyn Borough Hall. Hudson County is in New Jersey, United States. Its County seat is Jersey City. Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their environmental cultural or similar value Gateway National Recreation Area is a 26607 acre (10767 km² National Recreation Area in the New York City metropolitan area. The government of New York City is organized under the City Charter and provides for a "strong" mayor-council system. Brooklyn Borough Hall was designed in 1835 by architect Gamaliel King, and constructed under the supervision of superintendent Stephen Haynes.

Since consolidation with New York City in 1898, Brooklyn has been governed by the New York City Charter that provides for a "strong" mayor-council system. The Mayor-Council government system sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system is one of two variations of Government used for the most part in modern The centralized New York City government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services.

The office of Borough President was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority. Borough President (informally BP, or Beep in slang is an elective office in each of the five boroughs of New York City. Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of Estimate, which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and proposals for land use. The New York City Board of Estimate was a governmental body in New York City, responsible for budget and land-use decisions In 1989, the Supreme Court of the United States declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one man, one vote" decision. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War Reconstruction Amendments, first The Equal Protection Clause, part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, provides that "no state shall… deny to any person ^[5]

Since 1990 the Borough President has acted as an advocate for the borough at the mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York state government, and corporations. Brooklyn's Borough President is Marty Markowitz, elected as a Democrat in 2001 and re-elected in 2005. Marty Markowitz is the Borough President of Brooklyn, New York City. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Craig Eaton is the Chairman of the Kings County Republicans in Brooklyn.

The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. 69. 7% of registered voters in Brooklyn are Democrats. Party platforms center on affordable housing, education and economic development. The most controversial political issue is over the proposed Brooklyn Nets Arena, a large development project. The Barclays Center is a proposed sports Arena to be built partly on a platform over the Metropolitan Transportation Authority -owned Atlantic Yards at Pockets of Republican influence exist in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights. Bay Ridge is a neighborhood in the southwest corner of the New York City borough of Dyker Heights is a residential neighborhood in the southwest corner of the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City, USA.

Each of the city's five counties (coterminous with each borough) has its own criminal court system and District Attorney, the chief public prosecutor who is directly elected by popular vote. A district attorney (DA is in some US jurisdictions the title of the local public official who represents the government in the prosecution of alleged criminals Charles J. Hynes, a Democrat, has been the District Attorney of Kings County since 1989. Brooklyn has 16 City Council members, the largest number of any of the five boroughs. Brooklyn has 18 of the city's 59 community districts, each served by an unpaid Community Board with advisory powers under the city's Uniform Land Use Review Procedure. Each board has a paid district manager who acts as an interlocutor with city agencies. .

Brooklyn has not voted for a Republican in a national presidential election in the last 50 years. Elections for President and Vice President of the United States are In the 2004 presidential election Democrat John Kerry received 74. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator 9% of the vote in Brooklyn and Republican George W. Bush received 24. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. 3%.

Brooklyn is split between six congressional districts, two of which are entirely within the borough.

• Democrat Ed Towns represents 10th Congressional district, which covers Fort Greene, Bedford Stuyvesant, Brownsville, East New York, and Canarsie. Edolphus "Ed" Towns (born July 21, 1934) is an American politician and a member of the U New York's 10th Congressional District is a Congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in Brooklyn New York City Fort Greene is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Bedford-Stuyvesant (pron \ˈstī-və-sənt\ (also known as Bed-Stuy) is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City, USA, borough Brownsville also known as Bville and The hill is a low-income residential neighborhood located in eastern Brooklyn, New York. East New York is a low-income residential neighborhood located in eastern Brooklyn, a borough of New York City. Canarsie is a Neighborhood in the southeastern portion of the borough of Brooklyn, in New York City, United States.

• Democrat Yvette Clarke represents the 11th Congressional District encompassing Park Slope, Crown Heights, Flatbush, East Flatbush and Prospect Heights. Yvette Diane Clarke (born November 21, 1964) currently is a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York's 11th congressional New York's 11th Congressional District is a Congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in Brooklyn. Crown Heights is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City Borough of Brooklyn. Flatbush is a community of the Borough of Brooklyn, a part of New York City, consisting of several neighborhoods East Flatbush is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It was created by the 1965 Voting Rights Act with the intention of increasing African-American representation in the United States Congress. Background See also [[Disfranchisement after the Civil War]] The 13th Amendment, ratified in 1865 after the Civil War, abolished and prohibited The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses In 1968 the district elected Shirley Chisholm, the first African-American woman to hold a seat in the Congress and a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus. Shirley Anita St Hill Chisholm ( November 30, 1924 – January 1, 2005) was an American politician educator and author The Congressional Black Caucus is an organization representing the African American members of the Congress of the United States. The district's population of 654,361 is 57% black, 24% white, and 12% Latino. ^[6].

• Democrat Nydia Velazquez represents the 12th district, which encapsulates Bushwick, Williamsburg, Red Hook, and Sunset Park, as well as Manhattan's Lower East Side and parts of western Queens. Nydia Margarita Velázquez (born March 28, 1953) is a Puerto Rican politician who has represented New York 's 12th Congressional District New York's 12th Congressional District is a Congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in New York City. Bushwick is a neighborhood in the northeastern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bordering Greenpoint, Bedford-Stuyvesant, and Bushwick Red Hook is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA. Sunset Park is a Neighborhood in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA The Lower East Side is a Neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan.

• Democrat Anthony Weiner of Queens is the representative of the 9th district, which includes Bergen Beach, Brighton Beach, Gerritsen Beach, Kensington, Manhattan Beach, Marine Park, Midwood, Mill Basin and Sheepshead Bay in southeast Brooklyn, as well as portions of south-central Queens. Anthony David Weiner ( "weener" born September 4, 1964) is a Democratic Politician from New York. New York's 9th Congressional District is a Congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in New York City. Bergen Beach is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. BrightonCOOPsJPG|thumb|Newly built luxury condos on Brighton Beach]]BrightonSchool1438 Gerritsen Beach is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, located near Marine Park and Sheepshead Bay. Kensington is a Neighborhood in the center of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Manhattan Beach is a residential neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Marine Park Brooklyn is a Public park located in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. Midwood is a Neighborhood in the south central part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, New York, USA, roughly halfway Mill Basin/Mill Island is a Neighborhood in New York City in the southeastern portion of the borough of Brooklyn lying along Jamaica Bay Sheepshead Bay is a Bay separating the Mainland of Brooklyn, New York City from the eastern portion of Coney Island, the latter originally ^[7]

• The West Side (Manhattan)-based 8th District is represented by Democrat Jerry Nadler and takes in portions of south Brooklyn including Coney Island, Seagate, Brighton Beach, Boro Park and parts of Bath Beach. The West Side of Manhattan refers to the side of Manhattan Island which abuts the Hudson River and faces New Jersey. New York's Eighth Congressional District district for the United States House of Representatives in New York City. Jerrold Lewis Nadler sometimes called Jerry Nadler (born June 13, 1947) is an American politician from New York City. Coney Island is a Peninsula, formerly an island in southernmost Brooklyn, New York City, USA with a Beach on the Atlantic Ocean BrightonCOOPsJPG|thumb|Newly built luxury condos on Brighton Beach]]BrightonSchool1438 Borough Park (usually spelled by its residents Boro Park) is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn, in New It also includes the piers in Red Hook and Sunset Park.

• The Staten Island-based 13th district, represented by Republican Vito Fossella, includes some of the more conservative areas of the borough, including most of Bay Ridge and Bensonhurst and all of Gravesend and Dyker Heights. Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name New York's 13th Congressional District is a Congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in New York City. Vito John Fossella Jr (born March 9, 1965) is a Republican Politician from the state of New York who has represented

Brooklyn's official motto is Een Draght Mackt Maght. Written in the (old) Dutch language, it is inspired by the motto of the United Dutch Provinces and translated as In Unity There is Strength. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The motto is displayed on the borough seal and flag, which also feature a young robed woman bearing fasces, a traditional emblem of republicanism. A seal can mean a wax seal bearing an impressed figure or an embossed figure in paper with the purpose of authenticating a document but the term can also mean any device for A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification Fasces (ˈfæsiːz a Plurale tantum, from the Latin word fascis, meaning "bundle" symbolize summary power and Jurisdiction Republicanism is the Ideology of governing a nation as a Republic, with an emphasis on Liberty, Rule of law, Popular sovereignty ^[8] Brooklyn's official colors are blue and gold. ^[9]

Economy

See also: Economy of New York City

Downtown Brooklyn is the third largest business district in New York City. The economy of New York City is the largest regional economy in the United States and the second largest city economy in the world Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower by DSJPG|thumb|The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower is a prominent symbol of Downtown

Brooklyn's job market is driven by three main factors: the performance of the national/city economy, population flows, and the borough's position as a convenient back office for New York's businesses. ^[10]

Forty-four percent of Brooklyn's employed population, or 410,000 people, work in the borough; more than half of the borough's residents work outside its boundaries. As a result, economic conditions in Manhattan are important to the borough's jobseekers. Strong international immigration to Brooklyn generates jobs in services, retailing and construction. ^[10]

In recent years Brooklyn has benefited from a steady influx of financial back office operations from Manhattan, the rapid growth of a high-tech/entertainment economy in DUMBO, and strong growth in support services such as accounting, personal supply agencies and computer services firms. ^[10]

Jobs in the borough have traditionally been concentrated in manufacturing, but since 1975, Brooklyn has shifted from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy. In 2004, 215,000 Brooklyn residents worked in the services sector, while 27,500 worked in manufacturing. Although manufacturing has declined, a substantial base has remained in apparel and niche manufacturing concerns such as furniture, fabricated metals, and food products. ^[11] The pharmaceutical company Pfizer has a manufacturing plant in Brooklyn that employs 990 workers. Pfizer Incorporated ( is a major Pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales First established as a shipbuilding facility in 1801, the Brooklyn Navy Yard employed 70,000 people at is peak during World War II and was then the largest employer in the borough. The United States Navy Yard New York - better known as the Brooklyn Navy Yard or the New York Naval Shipyard (NYNSY - is an American shipyard located The Missouri, the ship on which the Japanese formally surrendered, was built there, as was the iron-sided Civil War vessel the Monitor, and the Maine, whose sinking off Havana led to the start of the Spanish-American War. Construction See also Iowa class battleship, Armament of the Iowa class battleship Missouri was one of the ''Iowa''-class " Design Monitor was one of three ironclad warships ordered by the U "The Maine" redirects here For the pop punk band see The Maine (band. The Navy Yard is now a hub for industrial design firms, food processing businesses, and artisans, along with a growing film and television production industry. About 230 private-sector firms providing 4,000 jobs are at the Yard.

Construction and services are the fastest growing sectors. ^[12] Most employers in Brooklyn are small businesses. In 2000, 91% of the approximately 38,704 business establishments in Brooklyn had fewer than 20 employees. ^[13]

The unemployment rate in Brooklyn in March 2006 was 5. 9%.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Brooklyn

Brooklyn has been New York City's most populous borough since the mid-1920s. (Key: Each borough's historical population in millions. The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island)

According to 2005 U. S. Census Bureau estimates, there are 2,486,235 people (up from 2. 3 million in 1990), 880,727 households, and 583,922 families residing in Brooklyn. ^[14][15] The population density was 34,920/square mile (13,480/km²). There were 930,866 housing units at an average density of 13,180/square mile (5,090/km²).

In 2000, 41. 20% of Brooklyn residents were white; 36. 44% were black; 7. 54% were Asian; 0. 41% were Native American; 0. 06% Pacific Islander; 10. 05% were of other races; and 4. 27% were from two or more races. People of Hispanic or Latino origin, who may be of any race, comprised 19. 79% of the population. 18. 00% of the population reported speaking Spanish at home, 5. 95% Russian, 4. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages 19% French or a French-based creole, 3. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people A French creole, or French-based creole language, is a Creole language based on the French language, more specifically on a 17th century koiné 92% Chinese, 3. 10% Yiddish, 2. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High 10% Italian, 1. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. 42% Polish, 1. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. 13% Hebrew, 1. 09% Punjabi and 0. Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an 68% Urdu. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised ^[16]

Of the 880,727 households in Brooklyn, 38. 6% were married couples living together, 22. 3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33. 7% were non-families. 33. 3% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households 27. 8% are made up of individuals and 9. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 75 and the average family size was 3. 41.

In Brooklyn the population was spread out with 26. 9% under the age of 18, 10. 3% from 18 to 24, 30. 8% from 25 to 44, 20. 6% from 45 to 64, and 11. 5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. Brooklyn has more women, with 88. 4 males for every 100 females.

The median income for households in Brooklyn was $32,135, and the median income for a family was $36,188. Males had a median income of $34,317, which was higher than females, whose median income was $30,516. The per capita income was $16,775. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 22% of families and 25. 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34% of those under age 18 and 21. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 5% of those age 65 or over.

Brooklyn has long been a magnet for immigrants, and has become New York City's most populous borough. It presently has substantial populations from many countries, including Poland, Italy, China, Jamaica, Haiti, Trinidad, Guyana, Grenada, Barbados, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Russia. The borough also attracts people previously residing in the United States. Of these, most come from Chicago, San Francisco, Washington DC/Baltimore, Boston, and Seattle. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D ^[17][18]

Culture

See also: Culture of New York City

The Brooklyn Museum is one of New York's premier art museums. The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries of immigration the city's size and variety and its status as the cultural capital of the United States The Brooklyn Museum, located at 200 Eastern Parkway, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, is the second-largest Art museum in

The The Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch at Grand Army Plaza. The Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Arch at Grand Army Plazajpg|thumb|right|250px|The Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch at Grand Army Plaza]] Grand Army

Brooklyn has played a major role in American letters. Walt Whitman wrote of the Brooklyn waterfront in his classic poem Crossing Brooklyn Ferry. Walter Whitman (May 31 1819 &ndash March 26 1892 was an American poet, Essayist journalist, and humanist. Harlem Renaissance playwright Eulalie Spence taught at Eastern District High School in Brooklyn from 1927-1938, a time during which she wrote her critically acclaimed plays Fool's Errand, and Her. The Harlem Renaissance was named after the anthology The New Negro, edited by Alain Locke in 1925 Eulalie Spence (June 11 1894 - March 7 1981 was a black female writer teacher Actress and Playwright from the British West Indies during the History The High School for Enterprise Business and Technology is a public high school located at 850 Grand Street and Bushwick Avenue in the Williamsburg neighborhood In 1930, poet Hart Crane published the epic poem The Bridge, where the Brooklyn Bridge is both the poem’s central symbol and its poetic starting point. Harold Hart Crane ( July 21, 1899 – April 27, 1932) was an American Poet. The Bridge, first published in 1930 is Hart Crane's first and only attempt at an American Long poem. The Brooklyn Bridge, one of the oldest Suspension bridges in the United States, stretches 5989 feet (1825 m over the East River connecting the Betty Smith's 1943 book A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, and the 1945 film based on it, are among the best-known early works about life in Brooklyn. A Tree Grows In Brooklyn is a Novel by Betty Smith first published in 1943 A Tree Grows In Brooklyn is a 1945 Film, the first film directed by Greek-American director Elia Kazan, starring James Dunn, who won William Styron's novel Sophie's Choice is set in Flatbush, just off Prospect Park, during the summer of 1947. Sophie's Choice is a Novel by William Styron published in 1979 Arthur Miller's 1955 play A View From the Bridge is set in Brooklyn. A View from the Bridge is a play by Arthur Miller originally produced as a one-act Verse drama on Broadway in 1955 Paule Marshall's 1959 novel, Brown Girl, Brownstones, about Barbadian immigrants during the Depression and World War II is also set in Brooklyn. More recently, Brooklyn-born author Jonathan Lethem has written several books about growing up in the borough, including Motherless Brooklyn and The Fortress of Solitude. Jonathan Allen Lethem (born February 19 1964 is an American writer Motherless Brooklyn is a Jonathan Lethem novel published in 1999. The Fortress of Solitude is a 2003 semi-autobiographical Novel by Jonathan Lethem set in Brooklyn and spanning the 1970s '80s and The neighborhood of Park Slope is home to many contemporary writers, including Jonathan Safran Foer, Jhumpa Lahiri, Jonathan Franzen, Rick Moody, Jennifer Egan, Kathryn Harrison, Paul Auster, Franco Ambriz, Nicole Krauss, Colson Whitehead, Darin Strauss, Siri Hustvedt and Suketu Mehta, among others. Park Slope is a neighborhood in the western section of Brooklyn, New York City's most populous borough. Jonathan Safran Foer (born 1977 is an American writer best known for his 2002 Novel Everything Is Illuminated. Jhumpa Lahiri ( IPA: /ˈdʒuːmpʌ lʌˈhɪəriː/ (born Nilanjana Sudeshna on 11 July 1967) ( Bengali: ঝুম্পা লাহিড়ী Jonathan Franzen (born August 17, 1959) is an award-winning American Novelist and Essayist Early life and education Rick Moody (born Hiram Frederick Moody III, October 18 1961) is an American Novelist and Short story writer best known for Jennifer Egan (born September 6, 1962 in Chicago Illinois) is an American novelist and short story writer Kathryn Harrison (born March 20th 1961 in Los Angeles) is an American author wife of Colin Harrison. Paul Benjamin Auster (born February 3, 1947, Newark New Jersey) is a Brooklyn -based author known for works blending Absurdism Franco Ambriz (sometimes credited as Frank Ambriz) is a Playwright and director. Nicole Krauss (born 1974 is an American writer who lives in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York Colson Whitehead is a New York -based Novelist. In 2002 he received a MacArthur Fellowship, often referred to as the MacArthur "Genius" grant Darin Strauss (born March 1, 1970) is an American Writer based in Brooklyn NY. Siri Hustvedt (born February 19 1955) is an American Novelist Essayist and Poet. Suketu Mehta (born 1963) is a writer based in New York City. He was born in Calcutta, India, and raised in Mumbai where he lived until So many writers live in the area that Brooklyn-based band One Ring Zero released an album with lyrics written mainly by Brooklyn-based writers. One Ring Zero is a modern music group that melds many genres and sounds to create a unique type of music and is based in the New York City borough of Brooklyn The Discovery Kids show Time Warp Trio is also set in Brooklyn. Time Warp Trio is an Animated television series, based on a series of children's books written by Jon Scieszka and illustrated by Lane

The borough has had a part in theater and film as well. Lynn Nottage's play Crumbs from the Table of Joy is set in post-World War II Brooklyn and deals with the hopes and frustrations of an African American family recently arrived from Florida. Lynn Nottage (1964- is a respected American Playwright whose work often deals with the lives of African Americans and Women. The John Travolta movie Saturday Night Fever was set in Bay Ridge, an Italian neighborhood in south Brooklyn. Saturday Night Fever is a 1977 film starring John Travolta as Tony Manero a troubled Brooklyn youth whose weekend activities are dominated Neil Simon's 1983 play "Brighton Beach Memoirs" is set in 1937 Brooklyn. In the late 1980s Brooklyn achieved a new cultural prominence with the films of Spike Lee, whose She's Gotta Have It and Do The Right Thing were shot in Brooklyn neighborhoods. Shelton Jackson "Spike" Lee (born March 20 1957 is an Emmy Award -winning and Academy Award -nominated American Film director, She's Gotta Have It is a 1986 Comedy - Drama film written and directed by Spike Lee. "Do the Right Thing" is also an Australian anti-litter campaign In 2001/02, the German filmmaker Christoph Weinert shot a documentary With Allah in Brooklyn ^[19], about the African American community in the neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa In biological terms a community is a group of interacting Organisms sharing an environment. A neighbourhood or neighborhood (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised Community within a larger City, Town or Bedford-Stuyvesant (pron \ˈstī-və-sənt\ (also known as Bed-Stuy) is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City, USA, borough The 2005 film The Squid and the Whale, by Noah Baumbach, the son of novelist Jonathan Baumbach and Village Voice film critic Georgia Brown, examined the family life of the Park Slope intelligentsia. The Squid and the Whale is a 2005 Dramatic Film written and directed by Noah Baumbach. Noah Baumbach (born September 3, 1969, in Brooklyn, New York) is an Academy Award -nominated American Writer

The Brooklyn Museum, opened in 1897, is among the world's premier art institutions with a permanent collection that includes more than 1. The Brooklyn Museum, located at 200 Eastern Parkway, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, is the second-largest Art museum in 5 million objects, from ancient Egyptian masterpieces to contemporary art. It is the nation's second largest public art museum. The Brooklyn Children's Museum, the world's first museum dedicated to children, opened in December 1899. The Brooklyn Children's Museum is a general purpose museum in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City, USA. The only such New York State institution accredited by the American Association of Museums, it is one of the few globally to have a permanent collection - 30,000+ cultural objects and natural history specimens. The American Association of Museums ( AAM) is a Non-profit association that has been bringing Museums together since its founding in 1906 helping to develop The museum's latest expansion, a Rafael Vinoly-designed, high performance green structure, opens in September 2008. Rafael Viñoly (b 1944) is an Uruguayan-born Architect living in the United States Green is a Color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a Wavelength of roughly 520–570- nm. The Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM), a complex including the 2,109-seat Howard Gilman Opera House, the 874-seat Harvey Lichtenstein Theater, and the art house BAM Rose Cinemas are notable venues. Brooklyn Academy of Music ( BAM) is a major performing arts venue in Brooklyn, a borough of New York City, known as a center for progressive and avant garde BAM is recognized internationally as a progressive cultural center well known for The Next Wave Festival, which began in 1983. Artists who have presented their works there include Philip Glass, Peter Brook, Laurie Anderson, Lee Breuer, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Steve Reich, Robert Wilson, Ingmar Bergman, The Whirling Dervishes and the Kirov Opera directed and conducted by Valery Gergiev among others. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Philip Glass (born January 31 Peter Stephen Paul Brook CH, CBE (born 21 March 1925) is a British theatre and Film director and innovator Laurie Anderson (born Laura Phillips Anderson, on June 5 1947 in Glen Ellyn Illinois) is an American experimental Performance artist and Lee Breuer (born 6 February 1937) is an American Theater director and Playwright. Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan ( نصرت فتح على خاں, born October 13 1948, died August 16, 1997) was a Pakistani WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Stephen Michael Reich (born October 3 Robert Wilson (born 4 October 1941) is an American Avant-garde Stage director and Playwright who has been called "'s Ernst Ingmar Bergman ( pronounced) (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007 was a nine-time Academy Award -nominated Swedish film, stage Darvesh or Dervish ( Arabic and Persian: درویش) as it is known in European languages refers to members of Sufi The Mariinsky Theatre ( Мариинский театр, also spelled Maryinsky Theatre is a historic theatre of Opera and Ballet in WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Valery Abisalovich Gergiev (Гергиты Абисалы фырт Валери Bargemusic and St. Bargemusic, formally known as Bargemusic Ltd is a classical music venue and cultural icon History Olga Bloom founded Bargemusic in 1977 following Ann's Warehouse, two other venerated performance venues, are on the other side of Downtown Brooklyn in the DUMBO arts district. DUMBO, an acronym for Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass, is a neighborhood in the New York City, New York borough of Brooklyn Founded in 1863, the Brooklyn Historical Society (BHS) is a museum, library, and educational center dedicated to preserving and encouraging the study of Brooklyn's rich 400-year past, while reflecting upon the future of the culturally rich borough. Founded in 1863 the Brooklyn Historical Society (BHS is a museum library and educational center preserving and encouraging the study of Brooklyn BHS houses a treasure trove of materials relating to the founding of the U. S. and the history of Brooklyn and its people. The BRIC Rotunda Gallery, founded in 1981, is the oldest not-for-profit gallery dedicated to presenting contemporary art work by artists who are from, live, or work in the borough. The Gallery, located in Brooklyn Heights, presents contemporary art of all media, public events and an innovative arts education program. The Gallery's aim is to increase the visibility and accessibility of contemporary art while bridging the gap between the art world and global culture in Brooklyn and the world beyond. BRIC Rotunda Gallery is the visual arts program of BRIC Arts|Media|Bklyn, a multi-disciplinary arts and media non-profit, dedicated to presenting visual, performing and media arts programs that are reflective of Brooklyn's diverse communities and to supporting the creative process.

Brooklyn contains the most of every group from every culture, ethnic, and racial background. The majority of the people of African descent is of Caribbean origin. Much of Brooklyn's distinct culture can be reflected on the cultures that these immigrants bring with them. A portion of Utica Avenue was historically named Malcolm X Boulevard because of his achievements as both a nationalist, and a separatist. Lenox Avenue / Malcolm X Boulevard is the primary north-south route through Harlem in the upper portion of the New York City borough To this day Malcolm X remains the most important figure to many of the people in that community. Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19 1925 February 21 1965 also known as El-Hajj Malik El- Shabazz, was an African American

Brooklyn is home to one of the most vibrant Jewish communities outside of Israel - one reason for the 2007 signed partnership^[20] with Leopoldstadt, a district of Vienna, Austria (a main Jewish centre of Central Europe for centuries, and despite the Holocaust even today). This article is about a district of Vienna Leopoldstadt is also the German name for the town Leopoldov in Slovakia Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Some estimates have the Jewish population in Brooklyn at as high as three-quarters of a million, with many living in Borough Park, Williamsburg, Flatbush, Gravesend, Crown Heights, and other sections of Brooklyn. Much of the Jewish community, most notably the Hasidic and Hareidi Jews, are fluent in Yiddish and often use it as their first language. Moreover, many Orthodox Jews have very large families, so the Jewish community is experiencing tremendous growth.

Variously called the "City of Trees," "City of Homes," or the "City of Churches" in the 19th century, Brooklyn is now often styled the "Borough of Homes and Churches".

As a promotional gesture by the current borough administration, distinctive traffic signs are posted along major traffic arteries at Brooklyn’s border crossings. They incorporate colorful expressions associated with Brooklyn, including: "Fugheddaboudit," "Oy vey!," and "How Sweet It Is. "Oy vey" (אױ װײ (or just " oy " and is often described as "defying translation" or being an "untranslatable expression" but which " One sign identifies the borough as: "Home to Everyone From Everywhere!"

Brooklyn and Red Hook feature in Arthur Miller's play "A View From The Bridge" which is a tragedy set in 1940-50s New York about an Italian American Family.

Media

See also: Media of New York City

Brooklyn has several local newspapers: The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Bay Currents (Oceanfront Brooklyn), Brooklyn View, the Brooklyn Paper and Courier-Life Publications. The media of New York City are internationally influential and include some of the most important newspapers largest publishing houses most prolific television studios and The Brooklyn Eagle, also called The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, was a daily newspaper published in Brooklyn, New York from October 26 Bay Currents, founded by an entrepreneurial journalist in August 2004 is an independent newspaper focusing on oceanfront Brooklyn Courier-Life Publications, owned by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation, is considered to be Brooklyn's largest chain of newspapers. News Corporation (often abbreviated to News Corp) (,,) is one of the world's largest media conglomerate companies by Market capitalisation The Brooklyn Rail is a glossy monthly magazine emphasizing arts and literary criticism and winner of the Utne Independent Press Award in 2002 and 2003 for Best Local/Regional Coverage. Brooklyn is also served by the major New York dailies, including The New York Times, The New York Daily News, and The New York Post. The Daily News of New York City is the fifth most-widely circulated daily Newspaper in the United States with a daily circulation of 703137 The New York Post is the 13th-oldest Newspaper published in the United States and generally acknowledged as the oldest to have been published continually The borough is home to the arts and politics monthly, "Brooklyn Rail" and the arts and cultural quarterly, "Cabinet (magazine)". Started as a Broadsheet in 1998 The Brooklyn Rail became a full publication in the fall of 2000 under the direction of publisher Phong Bui and editor Cabinet is a quarterly Brooklyn NY -based non-profit art & culture periodical launched in 2000 by Sina Najafi and Brian Conley HelloBrooklyn. com is Brooklyn's largest portal with more than 10,000 links. ^[21]

Brooklyn has a thriving ethnic press. Major ethnic publications include the Brooklyn-Queens Catholic paper The Tablet, Hamodia an orthodox Jewish daily, as well as several Haitian newspapers including The Haitian Times, Haiti Observateur, and Haiti Progress. Hamodia (המודיע meaning " the announcer " is a Hebrew language daily newspaper published in Israel. Many nationally-distributed ethnic newspapers are based out of offices in Brooklyn. Over 60 ethnic groups, writing in 42 languages, publish some 300 non-English language magazines and newspapers in New York City.

Brooklyn's accent is often portrayed as 'typical New York' in American television and film. The City of New York also has an official television station, run by the NYC Media Group, which features programming based in Brooklyn. NYC Media Group is the City of New York 's agency that handles directly its media assets There is also Brooklyn Community Access Television, the borough's public access channel. Brooklyn Community Access Television ( BCAT) is a public access Cable television network in Brooklyn, New York City, operated Public-access television in the United States is a form of Citizen media, similar to Canada's community channels Australia's community television BCAT, the Media program of BRIC, shares the former Strand Theater - adjoining BAM's Harvey Theater - with the non-profit artists collective atelier/exhibition center, Urban Glass. The facility's upcoming expansion will include a new 250-seat, year round home for BRIC's annual "Celebrate Brooklyn" performances.

Tourism

See also: Tourism in New York City

The rose garden at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Tourism in New York City includes nearly 44 million foreign and American tourists each year Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BBG is a world-renowned Botanic garden in Brooklyn New York USA located near the neighborhoods Prospect Heights, Crown Heights

Southern Brooklyn was once the premier resort destination for New York City. Coney Island developed as a playground for the rich in the early 1900s, when wealthy New Yorkers would bet on horses at the Gravesend or Sheepshead Bay Race Track and dined at high-class restaurants and seaside hotels. Coney Island is a Peninsula, formerly an island in southernmost Brooklyn, New York City, USA with a Beach on the Atlantic Ocean Gravesend Race Track at Gravesend on Coney Island, New York was a Thoroughbred horse racing facility built in 1887 by the Brooklyn Jockey Club Sheepshead Bay Race Track was an American Thoroughbred horse racing facility built on the site of the Coney Island Jockey Club at Sheepshead Bay, No trip to Sheepshead Bay would be complete without a stop at the docks and then dinner at Lundy's Restaurant. Out of business telephone disconnected Lundy's Restaurant, also known as Lundy Brothers Restaurant, was a historic American Seafood Restaurant The introduction of the subway made Coney Island a vacation destination for the masses, and it evolved into one of America's first amusement grounds. The Cyclone rollercoaster, built in 1927, is on the National Register of Historic Places. The 1920 Wonder Wheel and other rides are still operational at Astroland. Astroland was a amusement park in Coney Island first opened in 1962. Coney Island went into decline in the 1970s, but is undergoing a renaissance. The annual Coney Island Mermaid Parade is a hipster costume-and-float parade which honored David Byrne, pre-punk music guru, as the head merman in 1998. The Coney Island Mermaid Parade takes place every year by the sea in Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City, usually in mid-to-late June Coney Island also hosts the annual Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest. The Nathan's International July Fourth Hot Dog Eating Contest is an annual Competitive eating competition held at Nathan's Famous Corporation 's original and best-known

Green-Wood Cemetery, founded by the social reformer Henry Evelyn Pierrepoint in 1838, is both one of the most significant cemeteries in the United States and an expansive green space encompassing 478 acres (1. 9 km²) of rolling hills and dales, several ponds, and a baroque chapel. Still in use, the cemetery is the burial ground of some of the most famous New Yorkers, including Albert Anastasia (1903-1957), mobster, "Lord High Executioner" for "Murder Inc. Albert Anastasia (born Umberto Anastasio) ( September 26, 1902 &ndash October 25, 1957) aka the Mad Hatter and "; Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988), artist; Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990), composer; Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829-1869), New Orleans-born pianist and composer; Laura Jean Libbey (1862-1924), best-selling "dime-store" novelist; Samuel F.B. Morse (1791-1872), inventor of the telegraph; Edward R. Murrow (1908-1965), journalist; Martha Bulloch Roosevelt (1834-1884), mother of U. Jean-Michel Basquiat ( December 22 1960 - August 12, 1988) was an American Artist. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes Louis Moreau Gottschalk ( May 8, 1829 &ndash December 18, 1869) was an American Composer and Pianist, best known New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Laura Jean Libbey ( March 22, 1862 - October 25, 1924) was an American writer Samuel Finley Breese Morse ( April 27, 1791 &ndash April 2, 1872) was an American painter of portraits and historic Edward R Murrow (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow; April 25 1908 &ndash April 27 1965) was an American journalist Martha Bulloch Roosevelt ( July 8, 1835 &ndash February 14, 1884) was the mother of US President Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal S. President Theodore Roosevelt; Margaret Sanger (1879-1966), birth control advocate; F.A.O. Schwarz (1836-1911), toy store founder; William M. "Boss" Tweed (1823-1878), notorious boss of the New York political machine and actor Frank Morgan ( 1890-1949 ) best known for his portrayal of the title character in the film The Wizard of Oz. Margaret Higgins Sanger ( September 14, 1879 &ndash September 6, 1966) was an American Birth control activist an advocate FAO Schwarz is the name of an upscale specialty Toy retailer headquartered in New York City William M Tweed ( April 3, 1823 &ndash April 12, 1878) sometimes informally called Boss Tweed, was an American Politician

The New York Transit Museum is a museum which displays historical artifacts of the New York City Subway and bus systems; it is located in the unused Court Street subway station in Brooklyn Heights. New York Transit Museum is a museum which displays historical artifacts of the New York City Subway and bus systems it is located in the unused Court Street subway station The 52 acre (210,000 m²) Brooklyn Botanic Garden includes a cherry tree esplanade, a one acre (4,000 m²) rose garden, a Japanese hill and pond garden, a fragrance garden for the blind, a water lily pond esplanade, several conservatories, a rock garden, a native flora garden, a bonsai tree collection, and children's gardens and discovery exhibits. Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BBG is a world-renowned Botanic garden in Brooklyn New York USA located near the neighborhoods Prospect Heights, Crown Heights

Sports

Main article: Sports in Brooklyn

KeySpan Park at Coney Island

Brooklyn has a storied sports history. Brooklyn has a storied sports history and has been a breeding place for many famous sports figures such as Joe Paterno (The Pennsylvania State University Joe KeySpan Park is a Minor league baseball Stadium in the Coney Island section of Brooklyn, New York City, USA. Coney Island is a Peninsula, formerly an island in southernmost Brooklyn, New York City, USA with a Beach on the Atlantic Ocean It has been home to many famous sports figures such as Michael Jordan, Bobby Fischer, Vince Lombardi, Joe Paterno, Mike Tyson, Joe Pepitone, Joe Torre, Larry Brown, Vitas Gerulaitis, Herbie Kronowitz, Paul Lo Duca, John Franco, Stephon Marbury, John Halama, and Rico Petrocelli. Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17 1963 is a retired American professional Basketball player and active businessman Robert James "Bobby" Fischer ( March 9 1943 – January 17 2008) was an American -born Chess Grandmaster Vincent Thomas Lombardi ( June 11, 1913 &ndash September 3, 1970) was an American football coach Joseph Vincent Paterno (born December 21, 1926, in Brooklyn New York) nicknamed JoePa, is the head coach of Pennsylvania State University's Joseph (Joe Anthony Pepitone (born October 9 1940, in Brooklyn, New York) is a former Major League Baseball First baseman Joseph Paul Torre (ˈtɔɹi born July 18, 1940 in Brooklyn New York) is the current manager of the Los Angeles Dodgers and a former Major Lawrence Harvey Brown (born September 14 1940 in Brooklyn, New York, United States) is the head coach of the National Basketball Association Vytautas Kevin Gerulaitis ( July 26, 1954 – September 17, 1994) was a professional Tennis player from the United States Herbert "Herbie" Kronowitz, originally Theodore "Ted" Kronowitz (born ca Paul Anthony Lo Duca (born April 12, 1972 in Brooklyn New York) is a Major League Baseball Catcher with the Florida Marlins John Anthony Franco (born September 17 1960 in Brooklyn, New York) is a former left-handed Relief pitcher in Major League Baseball Stephon Xavier Marbury (born February 20, 1977 in Brooklyn, New York) nicknamed Starbury, is an American professional John Thadeuz Halama (born February 22, 1972 in Brooklyn New York) is a Major League Baseball Pitcher who currently plays for Americo Peter "Rico" Petrocelli (born June 27, 1943 in Brooklyn New York) is a former Major League Baseball Shortstop Parks throughout the borough such as Prospect Park, Marine Park, and the community sports complex at Floyd Bennett Field provide residents an opportunity to practice and hone their sports skills and talents. Prospect Park is a 585 acre (24 km² public Park in the New York City borough of Brooklyn located between Park Slope, Marine Park Brooklyn is a Public park located in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. Floyd Bennett Field, now defunct as an active airfield was New York City 's first municipal Airport.

Brooklyn's most famous team, the Brooklyn Dodgers, (nicknamed "The Bums") played at Ebbets Field and was named for "trolley dodgers," a reference to the many streetcar lines that once criss-crossed the borough. The Los Angeles Dodgers are a Major League Baseball team based in Los Angeles California, USA Ebbets Field was a Major League Baseball park located in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, New York, USA. ^[22] The Dodgers most historic achievement came in 1947 when Jackie Robinson took the field in a Dodgers uniform, becoming the first African American player in Major League Baseball in the modern era. Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson (January 31 1919 – October 24 1972 was a Baseball player for the Brooklyn Dodgers. In 1955, the Dodgers, perennial National League pennant winners, won the first and only World Series for Brooklyn against their rival New York Yankees. For other events named "World Series" see World Series (disambiguation. The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York. The event was marked by mass euphoria and celebrations all over Brooklyn. Just two years later, the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles, causing a widespread sense of betrayal. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Walter O'Malley, the team's owner at the time, is still vilified by many Brooklynites for his decision, even those too young to remember the Dodgers as Brooklyn's ball club. Walter Francis O'Malley (October 9 1903 &ndash August 9 1979 was an American Several more recent attempts to return the Dodgers to their historic home have not borne fruit as of yet.

After a 43-year hiatus, however, professional baseball returned to the borough in 2001 in the form of the Brooklyn Cyclones, a minor league team in the New York-Penn League that plays in Keyspan Park in Coney Island. The Brooklyn Cyclones are a minor league Baseball team in the Short-Season A classification New York - Penn League, affiliated with the New York Part of the History of baseball series Minor league baseball is a hierarchy of Professional baseball leagues in North The New York - Penn League is a Minor league baseball league which operates in the northeastern United States. KeySpan Park is a Minor league baseball Stadium in the Coney Island section of Brooklyn, New York City, USA. Coney Island is a Peninsula, formerly an island in southernmost Brooklyn, New York City, USA with a Beach on the Atlantic Ocean They are the short-season Single-A level affiliate of the New York Mets. "Mets" redirects here For the medical term see Metastasis.

Developer Bruce Ratner announced in 2004 that he had purchased the New Jersey Nets basketball team. Bruce Ratner (born January 23 1945 in Cleveland Ohio) is president and CEO of Forest City Ratner the New York division of Forest City Enterprises, which is The New Jersey Nets are a professional Basketball team in the National Basketball Association that plays in the Eastern Conference 's Atlantic He hopes to move the Nets to a proposed 20,000-seat Brooklyn Nets Arena as part of a controversial housing and office development. The Barclays Center is a proposed sports Arena to be built partly on a platform over the Metropolitan Transportation Authority -owned Atlantic Yards at

Minor league soccer arrived in Brooklyn when the Brooklyn Knights relocated from their previous home in Queens to a the new Aviator Field complex, which includes a 2,000-seat soccer-specific stadium. Brooklyn Knights are an American Soccer team founded in 1999. Aviator Sports and Recreation is a concession for the National Park Service[http //www Soccer-specific stadium (or football-specific stadium) is a term used mainly in the United States and Canada, coined by Lamar Hunt, to refer The team plays in the USL Premier Development League, at the fourth level of US soccer. History In 1995 the USISL split into two leagues one professional and one amateur

One of the most popular skateboard spots, called the Brooklyn Banks, is actually located in Manhattan under the Brooklyn Bridge. Many skaters have included the banks in skateboard videos. There is also a skateboard company based out of Brooklyn called 5boro. It is co-owned by Mark Nardelli and Steve Rodriguez.

Transportation

See also: Transportation in New York City

A Brooklyn-bound train on BMT Canarsie Line (L)

MTA New York City Bus #582 on the B9 in Sunset Park. The transportation system of New York City is a cooperation of complex systems of infrastructure The Canarsie Line (sometimes referred to as the 14th Street&ndashCanarsie Line) is a Rapid transit line of the BMT Division of the New York City Subway The L 14th Street–Canarsie Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway, providing local service along the full length of the BMT Canarsie Line Sunset Park is a Neighborhood in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA

Brooklyn is well served by public transit. Because 18 New York City Subway lines, including the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, traverse the borough, it is not surprising that 92. The New York City Subway is a Rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency 8% of Brooklyn residents traveling to Manhattan use the subway. Major stations include, Atlantic Avenue-Pacific Street, Broadway Junction, DeKalb Avenue, Jay Street-Borough Hall, and Coney Island-Stillwell Avenue. Atlantic Avenue–Pacific Street is a New York City Subway station complex shared by the IRT Eastern Parkway Line, the BMT Brighton Line and Broadway Junction is a New York City Subway station complex shared by the elevated BMT Canarsie Line and BMT Jamaica Line, and the underground The following New York City Subway stations are named DeKalb Avenue: DeKalb Avenue (BMT Fourth Avenue Line, also serving the BMT Brighton Line in Downtown Brooklyn Jay Street–Borough Hall is a station on the IND Fulton Street Line and the IND Culver Line of the New York City Subway, located on Jay Street Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue (also known as Coney Island Terminal) is a major Rapid transit station in Coney Island, Brooklyn ^[23]

The public bus network covers the entire borough. There is daily express bus service into Manhattan. New York's famous yellow cabs also provide transportation in Brooklyn, although they are less numerous in Brooklyn than in Manhattan. There are three commuter rail stations in Brooklyn: East New York station, Nostrand Avenue station, and Atlantic Terminal, the terminus of the Atlantic Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. East New York is a station on the Long Island Rail Road 's Atlantic Branch in East New York Brooklyn, where that branch passes through the historic Nostrand Avenue is an elevated station on the Long Island Rail Road 's Atlantic Branch in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn. Flatbush Avenue, also called the Atlantic Terminal, is the westernmost stop on the Long Island Rail Road 's Atlantic Branch at Flatbush Avenue The Atlantic Branch is an electrified Rail line owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road in the U The Terminal is a major intermodal transit hub for New York City, with 10 connecting subway lines.

The grand majority of limited-access expressways and parkways are located in the western and southern sections of Brooklyn. These include, the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, the Gowanus Expressway, which is part of the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, the Prospect Expressway, New York State Route 27, the Belt Parkway, and the Jackie Robinson Parkway. The Brooklyn Queens Expressway ( BQE) is an Expressway which runs from southern Brooklyn, New York to the Grand Central Parkway The Gowanus Expressway is an Expressway in the Borough of Brooklyn, City of New York. The Prospect Expressway is a short sunken highway in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, that runs through Park Slope and Windsor Terrace The Belt Parkway, also known as the Belt System or Circumferential Parkway, is a series of Limited-access highways that form a complete circle around the The Jackie Robinson Parkway is a Parkway in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens in New York. Major thoroughfares include, Atlantic Avenue, 4th Avenue, 86th Street, Kings Highway, Bay Parkway, Ocean Parkway, Eastern Parkway, Linden Boulevard, McGuiness Boulevard, Flatbush Avenue, Pennsylvania Avenue, and Bedford Avenue. Atlantic Avenue is an important street in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens. Kings Highway is an avenue runs through the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Ocean Parkway is a broad Boulevard and associated Neighborhood in the west central portion of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City This article refers to Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn New York there is also an Eastern Parkway in Louisville Kentucky, also designed by the firm of Frederick Linden Boulevard is a boulevard in New York City. It starts off at Flatbush Avenue in Brooklyn and stretches through both Brooklyn and Queens Flatbush Avenue is one of the major avenues in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Pennsylvania Avenue is a street in Washington DC joining the White House and the United States Capitol. Bedford Avenue is the longest street in Brooklyn, New York City, stretching 10

Much of Brooklyn has only named streets, but Park Slope and western sections south of there have numbered streets running approximately east/west, and numbered avenues going approximately north/south. Park Slope is a neighborhood in the western section of Brooklyn, New York City's most populous borough. This article only covers the non-directionally labeled numbered east-west streets in the New York City Borough of Brooklyn between and including 1st Street and 101st East of Dahill Avenue, lettered avenues run east/west, and numbered streets have the prefix "East". Numbered streets prefixed by "North", "South", "West", "Bay", "Brighton" or "Flatlands" exist in other areas.

Brooklyn is connected to Manhattan by three bridges, the Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Williamsburg bridges; a vehicular tunnel, the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel; and several subway tunnels. The Brooklyn Bridge, one of the oldest Suspension bridges in the United States, stretches 5989 feet (1825 m over the East River connecting the The Manhattan Bridge is a Suspension bridge that crosses the East River in New York City, connecting Lower Manhattan (at Canal Street with The Williamsburg Bridge is a Suspension bridge in New York City across the East River connecting the Lower East Side of Manhattan The Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel is a Toll road in New York City which crosses under the East River at its mouth connecting the Boroughs of The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge links Brooklyn with the more suburban borough of Staten Island. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is a double-decked Suspension bridge that connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn in New Though much of its border is on land, Brooklyn shares several water crossings with Queens, including the Kosciuszko Bridge (part of the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway), the Pulaski Bridge, and the JJ Byrne Memorial Bridge, all of which carry traffic over Newtown Creek, and the Marine Parkway Bridge connecting Brooklyn to the Rockaway Peninsula. The Brooklyn Queens Expressway ( BQE) is an Expressway which runs from southern Brooklyn, New York to the Grand Central Parkway The Pulaski Bridge in New York City connects Long Island City in Queens Newtown Creek, is a Estuary that forms part of the border between the Boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, in New York City, The Marine Parkway-Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge in New York City (originally Marine Parkway Bridge) is a vertical Lift bridge that crosses Rockaway Inlet The Rockaway Peninsula, also known as The Rockaways, is the name of a peninsula of Long Island, most of which is located within the borough of Queens

Historically Brooklyn's waterfront was a major shipping port, especially at the Brooklyn Army Terminal in Sunset Park. The Brooklyn Army Terminal is large complex of Piers docks, Warehouses cranes, Rail sidings and Cargo loading equipment Most container ship cargo operations have shifted to the New Jersey side of New York Harbor, while the city has recently built a new cruise ship terminal in Red Hook that is to become a focal point for New York's growing cruise industry. The Queen Mary 2, the world's largest ocean liner, was designed specifically to fit under the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in the United States. Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is a double-decked Suspension bridge that connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn in New The Queen Mary 2 makes regular ports of call at the Red Hook terminal on her transatlantic runs from Southampton, England. Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland New York Water Taxi offers commuter services from Brooklyn's west shore to points in Lower Manhattan, Midtown, Long Island City and Breezy Point in Rockaway, Queens, as well as tours and charters. See also Transportation in New York City New York Water Taxi is a Water taxi service offering commuter and sightseeing service mainly to points along the Lower Manhattan (or downtown Manhattan) is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the Long Island City (often abbreviated LIC) is the western-most neighborhood of the borough of Queens in New York City. The Rockaway Peninsula, also known as The Rockaways, is the name of a peninsula of Long Island, most of which is located within the borough of Queens A Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel, originally proposed in 1920s as a core project for the then new Port Authority of New York is again being studied and discussed as a way to ease freight movements across a large swath of the metropolitan area. The Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel (also known as the Cross Harbor Rail Freight Tunnel) is a proposed rail Tunnel under New York Harbor The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ) is a bi-state Port district, established in 1921 (as the Port of New York Authority) through

Education

See also: Education in New York City

Higgins Hall at the Pratt Institute. Education in New York City is provided by a vast number of public and private institutions Pratt Institute is a specialized private college in New York City with campuses in Manhattan and Brooklyn, as well as in Utica New York

Education in Brooklyn is provided by a vast number of public and private institutions. Public schools in the borough are managed by the New York City Department of Education, the largest public school system in the United States. The New York City Department of Education ( NYCDOE) is the branch of municipal government in New York City that manages the city's public school system Private schools range from the elite Berkeley Carroll School to religious schools run by Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn and Jewish organizations. History Established in 1982 the school was created by the consolidation of the Berkeley Institute an all-girls school chartered in 1886 and the Carroll Street School a Montessori The Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn, which includes territory that was previously part of the (now Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, was established as a separate The Satmar Jewish community of Brooklyn operates its own network of schools, which is the fourth largest school system in New York state. Satmar (or Satmar Hasidism or Satmarer Hasidism) (חסידות סאטמאר is a Hasidic movement of mostly Hungarian Grand Rebbe Yoel Teitelbaum ^[24]

Brooklyn College is a senior college of the City University of New York, and was the first public co-ed liberal arts college in New York City. Brooklyn College is a senior college of the City University of New York, located in Brooklyn New York. The City University of New York (CUNY Acronym ˈkjuːni is the public University system of New York City. Liberal arts colleges are primarily colleges with an emphasis upon Undergraduate study in the Liberal arts. The College ranked in the top 10 nationally for the second consecutive year in Princeton Review’s 2006 guidebook, America’s Best Value Colleges. The Princeton Review (TPR is an American educational preparation company Many of its students are first and second generation immigrants. Emblematic of its students’ potential is Eugene Shenderov, the son of Russian immigrants who received a 2005 Rhodes Scholarship before graduating from the College's B. Rhodes Scholarship Rhodes scholar redirects here Rhodes Scholar redirects here Rhodes scholars A. -M. D. program in June 2005. The Brooklyn College campus serves as home to the Brooklyn Center for the Performing Arts complex and its four theaters, including the George Gershwin. The George Gershwin Theatre is a 500-seat Proscenium theatre, one of four situated in the Brooklyn Center for the Performing Arts complex located on the Campus

Founded in 1970, Medgar Evers College is a senior college of the City University of New York, with a mission to develop and maintain high quality, professional, career-oriented undergraduate degree programs in the context of a liberal arts education. Medgar Evers College (MEC is a college campus (offering baccalaureate and associate degrees of The City University of New York. The City University of New York (CUNY Acronym ˈkjuːni is the public University system of New York City. The College offers programs both at the baccalaureate and associate degree levels, as well as Adult and Continuing Education classes for Central Brooklyn residents, corporations, government agencies, and community organizations. Medgar Evers College is a few blocks east of Prospect Park in Crown Heights.

Brooklyn Law School was founded in 1901 and is notable for its diverse student body. Brooklyn Law School ( BLS) is a Law school located in Downtown Brooklyn, New York City. Women and African Americans were enrolled in 1909. According to the Leiter Report, a compendium of law school rankings published by Brian Leiter, Brooklyn Law School places 31st nationally for quality of students. Brian Leiter (born 1963 is an American philosopher and legal scholar who is currently John Wilson Professor of Law at the University of Chicago and Director of Chicago's Center ^[25]

Kingsborough Community College is a junior college in the City University of New York system, located in Manhattan Beach. Kingsborough Community College, part of the City University of New York (CUNY system is the only Community college in Brooklyn New York. The City University of New York (CUNY Acronym ˈkjuːni is the public University system of New York City. Manhattan Beach is a residential neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It was recently named one of the top ten community colleges in the United States by the New York Times.

SUNY Downstate Medical Center, originally founded as the Long Island College Hospital in 1860, is the oldest hospital-based medical school in the United States. The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kind The Medical Center comprises the College of Medicine, College of Health Related Professions, College of Nursing, University Hospital of Brooklyn, and the School of Graduate Studies, where Nobel Prize-winner Dr. Robert F. Furchgott is a member of the faculty. Robert Francis Furchgott (born June 4, 1916 in Charleston, South Carolina) is a Nobel Prize -winning American Biochemist Half of the Medical Center's students are minorities or immigrants. The College of Medicine has the highest percentage of minority students of any medical school in New York State.

Polytechnic University (New York), the United States' second oldest private technological university, founded in 1854, has its main campus in Downtown's MetroTech Center, a commercial, civic and educational redevelopment project of which it was a key sponsor. Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable MetroTech Center is a business and educational center in Downtown Brooklyn, New York City. Its proposed merger into the much larger and wealthier NYU, which would render it that institution's school of engineering and technology, is subject to the approval of the New York State Board of Regents. New York University ( NYU) is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research University in New York City. History The Board of Regents of the USNY was established by statute in 1784 to provide oversight to King's College (today known as Columbia University) a private institution A decision is expected on or about June 24, 2008. Poly's MetroTech neighbor, CUNY's New York City College of Technology (City Tech), is the largest public college of technology in New York State and a national model for technological education. New York City College of Technology (NYCCT, called New York City Technical College prior to 2002 and nicknamed City Tech

Long Island University is a private university in Downtown Brooklyn with 6,417 undergraduate students. Long Island University ( LIU) is a private, Coeducational, Nonsectarian institution of Higher education in the State of New York In Clinton Hill, the Pratt Institute is one of the leading art schools in the United States and offers programs in art, architecture, fashion design, design, creative writing, library science, and other area disciplines. Pratt Institute is a specialized private college in New York City with campuses in Manhattan and Brooklyn, as well as in Utica New York

Brooklyn is home to smaller liberal arts institutions such as Saint Francis College in Brooklyn Heights, Saint Joseph's College, New York in Clinton Hill and Boricua College in Williamsburg. St Francis College is a private, Coeducational College located in Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn, New York City, in the Saint Joseph's College New York is a private non-sectarian College in New York, with its main campus located in the borough of Brooklyn, and a branch campus Boricua College is a post-secondary educational institution located in New York City

As an independent system, separate from the New York and Queens libraries, the Brooklyn Public Library^[26] offers thousands of public programs, millions of books, and use of more than 850 free Internet-accessible computers. The Brooklyn Public Library (BPL is the Public library system of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. It also has books and periodicals in all the major languages spoken in Brooklyn, including Chinese, Russian, Spanish, Hebrew, and Haitian Kreyol, as well as French, Yiddish, Hindi, Bengali, Polish, Italian, and Arabic. The Central Library is a landmarked building facing Grand Army Plaza and is undergoing extensive renovations and an underground expansion. The Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Arch at Grand Army Plazajpg|thumb|right|250px|The Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch at Grand Army Plaza]] Grand Army There are 58 library branches, placing one within a half mile of each Brooklyn resident. In addition to specialized Business Library in Brooklyn Heights, the Library is preparing to construct its new Visual & Performing Arts Library (VPA) in the BAM Cultural District, which will focus on the link between new and emerging arts and technology and house traditional and digital collections. It will provide access and training to arts applications and technologies not widely available to the public. The collections will include the subjects of art, theater, dance, music, film, photography and architecture. A special archive will house the records and history of Brooklyn's arts communities.

See also

• List of people from Brooklyn

References

External links

• Official site of the Brooklyn Borough President
• Brooklyn Tourism
• Brooklyn news & information
• Brooklyn Repertory Opera
• Brooklyn travel guide from Wikitravel

• Brooklyn is at coordinates 40°37′29″N 73°57′08″W / 40.624637, -73.952236 (Brooklyn)Coordinates: 40°37′29″N 73°57′08″W / 40.624637, -73.952236 (Brooklyn)
  • Hybrid satellite image/street map from WikiMapia
• Brooklyn Neighborhood Names Google Maps mashup
• Brooklyn Daily Eagle - Brooklyn timeline
• Best Street Brooklyn