For other uses see Fibula (disambiguation)

Aquamarine, platinum and diamond brooch/pendant worn by Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson during the presidency of her husband

Braganza Fibula/Brooch, Hellenistic art, 250-200 BC, British Museum

A brooch (also known in ancient times as a fibula, and not to be confused with broach) is a decorative jewelry item designed to be attached to garments. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather It is usually made of metal, often silver or gold but sometimes bronze or some other material. The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus Brooches are frequently decorated with enamel or with gemstones and may be solely for ornament (as in the stomacher) or sometimes serve a practical function as a fastening, perhaps for a cloak. In a discussion of Material science, enamel (or vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel in U A gemstone or gem, also called a precious or semi-precious stone, is a piece of attractive Mineral, which &mdash when cut and polished &mdash Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal Ornament, such as a necklace ring or bracelet made from Gemstones A stomacher is a decorated triangular panel that fills in the front opening of a woman's Gown or Bodice. A cloak is a type of loose Garment that is worn over indoor Clothing and serves the same purpose as an Overcoat &mdashit protects the wearer from the cold

The earliest known brooches are from the Bronze Age. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for As fashions in brooches changed rather fast, they are important chronological indicators.

The fibula or fibulae (plural) is an ornamental clasp used by Romans, Greeks and also by Celts and migratory tribes in Europe from the Early Bronze Age. A Fibula is an ancient brooch (Plural fibulae Technically the Latin term fibulae refers specifically to Roman brooches however the term is widely used to Citizenship in the time of Ancient Rome was a privileged status afforded to certain individuals with respect to laws property and governance The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts They may have replaced fibulae made of more perishable Neolithic materials, such as bone to as late as 800 AD. Events By Place Europe September 15 - Oldest known mention of Monkey. Fibulae are useful type-objects: carefully catalogued local typologies, dating and distribution of fibulae can help date finds where neither numismatic nor ceramic materials provide a secure date. Fibulae were shaped somewhat like a large safety pin and were used to hold clothing together. They came in many varieties and held prominent significance for the identity of the wearer, indicating ethnicity (until local costume became Romanized) and class. Elaborately designed fibulae were an important part of Late Antique dress, and simpler ones were part of Roman military equipment.

The same types of fibulae can often be found on either side of the Roman limites, both among "Roman" and "barbarian" populations. A limes (or the Limes Romanus) was a Border defense or delimiting system of Ancient Rome. The cultural interplay of elite objects designed to show status can be quite complex. For example, Lawrence Nees, Early Medieval Art ^[1] notes fibulae depicted in ivory diptychs of Stilicho and his entourage:

"The type of fibula worn by Stilicho and his son, and by Turcius Secundus, occurs also among metal works of art commonly termed barbarian, as new Germanic figures usurped the symbols of imperial authority. A diptych (pronounced "dip-tick" dip'tik (or US: 'dɪp Flavius Stilicho (occasionally written as Stilico) (ca 359 &ndash August 22, 408) was a high-ranking general ( Magister militum It is likely that this type originated among Celtic groups and came to be adopted as an exotic fashion by Roman aristocrats, becoming 'naturalized' as an important Roman emblem, and then exported".

They were usually made of bronze and sometimes of precious metals and infrequently had encrusted gem stones. Eagle fibula, often worn in pairs, commemorate the worship of the Sun, common among the pagan tribes. "Sun god" redirects here For the Ramsey Lewis album see Sun Goddess (album.

Ancient fibulae are prized items for collectors since they are well preserved in many cases and are not difficult to obtain; divorced from their cultural context, they still present a fascinating array of shapes and decor. Interior decoration or decor is the Art of decorating a room so that it is attractive easy to use and functions well with the existing Architecture

Notes

1. ^ Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 75

References

• Hellenic Ministry of Culture: Katie Demakopoulou, "Bronze Age Jewellry in Greece"