Citizendia
Your Ad Here

"Broadcast" redirects here. For other uses, see Broadcast (disambiguation).

Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. Distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of Marketing mix. Sound' is Vibration transmitted through a Solid, Liquid, or Gas; particularly sound means those vibrations composed of Frequencies Video is the technology of electronically capturing, Recording, processing storing transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of Still images In Telecommunication, signalling (UK spelling or signaling (US spelling has the following meanings The use of signals for controlling communications The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults.

There are wide variety of broadcasting systems, all of which have different capabilities. The largest broadcasting systems are institutional public address systems, which transmit nonverbal messages and music within a school or hospital, and low-powered broadcasting systems which transmit radio stations or television stations to a small area. A public address or " PA " system is an electronic amplification system with a mixer, Amplifier and Loudspeakers used to National radio and television broadcasters have nationwide coverage, using retransmitter towers, satellite systems, and cable distribution. Satellite radio and television broadcasters can cover even wider areas, such as entire continents, and Internet channels can distribute text or streamed music worldwide. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Any person can also broadcast sound or video through podcasting or live through internet broadcasting services. A podcast is a series of audio or Video digital-media files which is distributed over the Internet by syndicated Download

The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule. Broadcast programming, or scheduling, is the practice of organizing Television or Radio programs in a daily weekly or season-long schedule As with all technological endeavors, a number of technical terms and slang have developed. A list of these terms can be found at list of broadcasting terms. With every new technology a number of terms and slang words develop to assist in the rapid communication of ideas between the users of the technology Television and radio programs are distributed through radio broadcasting or cable, often both simultaneously. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. By coding signals and having decoding equipment in homes, the latter also enables subscription-based channels and pay-per-view services. Decoding is the reverse of Encoding, which is the process of transforming information from one format into another A home is a place of Residence or Refuge. It is usually a place where an individual or a family can rest in and be able to store Personal property. The subscription business model is a Business model where a customer must pay a subscription price to have access to the product/service Pay-per-view (often abbreviated PPV) is the system in which Television viewers can purchase events to be seen on TV and pay for the private telecast of that event

The term "broadcast" originally referred to the sowing of seeds by scattering them over a wide field. It was adopted to refer to the analagous dissemenation of signals by early radio engineers from the midwestern United States. Broadcasting forms a very large segment of the mass media. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" Broadcasting to a very narrow range of audience is called narrowcasting. A narrowcast is the transmission of data to a specific list of recipients

Economically there are a few ways in which stations are able to continually broadcast. Each differs in the method by which stations are funded:

Broadcasters may rely on a combination of these business models. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Television licences around the world The Museum of Broadcast Communications in Chicago notes that two-thirds of the countries in Europe and half Grants are funds dispersed by one party (Grant Makers often a Government Department Corporation Foundation or Trust to a recipient, often (but not always A foundation is a legal categorization of Nonprofit organizations. A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand The subscription business model is a Business model where a customer must pay a subscription price to have access to the product/service A business model is a term used for a broad range of informal and formal descriptions that are used by enterprises to represent various aspects of its business including its purpose offerings For example, National Public Radio, a non-commercial network within the United States, receives grants from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (which in turn receives funding from the U. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB is a private non-profit corporation created by an act of the United States Congress and partially funded by the United States S. government), by public membership, and by selling "extended credits" to corporations. A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business

Contents

Recorded broadcasts and live broadcasts

One can record and produce live broadcasts. The former allows correcting errors, and removing superfluous or undesired material, rearranging it, applying slow-motion and repetitions, and other techniques to enhance the program. Slow motion is a technique in film-making whereby Time appears to be slowed down However some live events like sports telecasts can include some of the aspects including slow motion clips of important goals/hits etc in between the live telecast.

American radio network broadcasters habitually forbade prerecorded broadcasts in the 1930s and 1940s requiring radio programs played for the Eastern and Central time zones to be repeated three hours later for the Pacific time zone. This restriction was dropped for special occasions, as in the case of the German dirigible airship Hindenburg at Lakehurst, New Jersey in 1937. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Terminology In some countries airships are also known as dirigibles from the French (fr ''diriger'' to direct plus -ible) meaning "directable" WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Lakehurst is a Borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. During World War II, prerecorded broadcasts from war correspondents were allowed on U. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including S. radio. In addition, American radio programs were recorded for playback by Armed Forces Radio stations around the world. American Forces Network (or AFN) is the brand name used by the United States Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS for its entertainment

A disadvantage of recording first is that the public may know the outcome of an event from another source, which may be a spoiler. In addition, prerecording prevents live announcers from deviating from an officially-approved script, as occurred with propaganda broadcasts from Germany in the 1940s and with Radio Moscow in the 1980s. An announcer is a Voice actor who works in Television, Radio or Film, usually providing Narrations News updates Station See also Pre-production Screenwriting A screenplay or script is a written plan authored by a Screenwriter, for a Film or Television Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people Voice of Russia is the Russian government's international radio broadcasting service owned by the All-Russia State Television and Radio Company.

Many events are advertised as being live, although they are often "recorded live" (sometimes this is referred to as "live-to-tape"). This is particularly true of performances of musical artists on radio when they visit for an in-studio concert performance. A concert is a live Performance, usually of Music, before an Audience. This intentional blurring of the distinction between live and recorded media is viewed with chagrin among many music lovers. Similar situations have sometimes appeared in television ("The Cosby Show is recorded in front of a live studio audience"). The Cosby Show is an American television Situation comedy starring Bill Cosby, first airing on September 20, 1984

A broadcast may be distributed through several physical means. If coming directly from the studio at a single radio or tv station, it is simply sent through the air chain to the transmitter and thence from the antenna on the tower out to the world. A studio is a Artist 's or worker's workroom or an artist and his or her Employees who work within that studio This article is about radio broadcasting for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and Video to Television receivers in a particular area For biologic transmitters see Transmitter substance. A transmitter is an electronic device which usually with the aid of an antenna An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into Radio masts and towers are typically tall structures designed Programming may also come through a communications satellite, played either live or recorded for later transmission. A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial Satellite stationed in space for the purposes of Telecommunications. Networks of stations may simulcast the same programming at the same time, originally via microwave link, and now mostly by satellite. Simulcast is a Portmanteau of " simul taneous broad' cast' " and refers to programs or events broadcast across more than one Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with Wavelengths ranging from 1 mm to 1 m or frequencies between 0

Distribution to stations or networks may also be through physical media, such as analogue or digital videotape, CD, DVD, and sometimes other formats. Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto Magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is Usually these are included in another broadcast, such as when electronic news gathering returns a story to the station for inclusion on a news programme. ENG is a Broadcasting (usually Television) industry acronym which stands for electronic news gathering. A news program, news programme, news show, or newscast is a regularly scheduled radio or Television program that reports Current

The final leg of broadcast distribution is how the signal gets to the listener or viewer. It may come over the air as with a radio station or TV station to an antenna and receiver, or may come through cable TV [1] or cable radio (or "wireless cable") via the station or directly from a network. This article is about radio broadcasting for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and Video to Television receivers in a particular area An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into This article is about a radio receiver for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. Cable Radio or Cable FM is a concept similar to that of Cable television, bringing Radio signals into Homes and Businesses via MMDS is also an acronym for Mortality Medical Data System. Multichannel multipoint distribution service, also known as MMDS The Internet may also bring either radio or TV to the recipient, especially with multicasting allowing the signal and bandwidth to be shared. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Multicast is a network addressing method for the delivery of Information to a group of destinations simultaneously using the most efficient strategy In Computer networking and Computer science, digital bandwidth or just bandwidth is the capacity for a given system to transfer data over a connection

The term "broadcast network" is often used to distinguish networks that broadcast an over-the-air television signal that can be received using a television antenna from so-called networks that are broadcast only via cable or satellite television. The term "broadcast television" can refer to the programming of such networks.

Legal status

UK

Since 1956, sound and television broadcasts were included as copyright works. Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 defines a broadcast as a transmission by wireless telegraphy of visual images, sounds, or other information which is capable of lawful reception by the public or which is made for presentation to the public. The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 (c 48 also known as the CDPA, is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which received It thus covers radio, television, teletext et al.

See also

References


External links

Dictionary

broadcasting

-adjective

  1. Sending in all directions.

-noun

  1. The business or profession of radio and television.

-verb

  1. Present participle of broadcast.
  2. transmitting, sending out messages omnidirectionally
  3. Scattering seeds.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic