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A broadcast license is a specific type of spectrum licence that grants the licensee the privilege to use a portion of the radio frequency spectrum in a given geographical area for broadcasting purposes. The Electromagnetic spectrum is an aspect of the physical world which like land water and air is subject to usage limitations This article is about the Common law concept of a licensee see here for information on Licenses A licensee is a term used Radio frequency ( RF) is a Frequency or rate of Oscillation within the range of about 3 Hz to 300 GHz Radio frequency ( RF) is a Frequency or rate of Oscillation within the range of about 3 Hz to 300 GHz For the band see Broadcast (band Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or Video signals which transmit

Licensing is typically performed by government agencies, providing a mechanism both for managing the limited resource of radio frequency spectrum and for implementing prevailing public policy, such as policies regarding concentration of media ownership. A government agency is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the Machinery of government that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions Concentration of media ownership (also known as media consolidation) is a commonly used term that refers to the majority of the media outlets being owned by a small number of

Management of technical specifications, such as those implemented in broadcast television systems, is normally undertaken as a part of broadcast licensing in each country. There are several broadcast Television systems in use in the world today Various radio bands carry different radio signals, such as video and audio, digital and analog, narrowband and broadband, and different types of content, and are therefore licensed differently. A band is a small section of the spectrum of Radio communication frequencies, in which channels are usually used or set aside for the same Video is the technology of electronically capturing, Recording, processing storing transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of Still images The term digital signal is used to refer to more than one concept An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable of the signal is a representation of some other Narrowband refers to a situation in radio communications where the bandwidth of the message does not significantly exceed the channel's Coherence bandwidth. The term broadband can have different meanings in different contexts

Licensing is also different for public radio and public television, and for community radio and community television, as compared to commercial applicants and licensees. Public broadcasting refers to radio television and other electronic media outlets that receive some or all of their funding from the public Public broadcasting refers to radio television and other electronic media outlets that receive some or all of their funding from the public Community radio is a type of Radio service that caters to the interests of a certain area broadcasting material that is popular to a local audience but is overlooked by more Australia's Community Television is a form of Citizen media much like Public Access Television in the United States and the Community Channel in Canada

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Economics

Originally, broadcast licences were issued for only a nominal payment, but work by economist Ronald Coase developed an economic theory that broadcast licences in a spectrum that was limited had high economic value, which could and should be paid for on the open market. Ronald Harry Coase (born December 29, 1910) is a British Economist and the Clifton R Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The economic value of a good or service has puzzled economists since the beginning of the discipline In Economics, the open market is the term used to refer to the environment in which bonds are bought and sold Increasingly, spectrum licences are offered via spectrum auctions, however this fails to consider non-commercial educational users, which are shut out of the process unless steps to ensure their fair consideration are taken. A spectrum auction is a process whereby a government uses an Auction system to sell the rights to transmit signals over specific electromagnetic wavelengths. The term non-commercial educational ( NCE) applies to a Radio station or TV station that does not accept or air Advertisements ( TV ads

The sale of licenses, with the profits going to the seller instead of the licensor, also implies some sort of ownership of the airwaves by the licensees — when in fact the spectrum, like light, air, and water, are inherently public property as a matter of the laws of physics, and broadcasters are only paying to rent it. Light, or visible light, is Electromagnetic radiation of a Wavelength that is visible to the Human eye (about 400–700 Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Public property is Property which is owned by a Government or community as opposed to private property which is owned by non-government parties such as individuals A physical law or scientific law is a Scientific generalization based on empirical Observations of physical behavior (i

Technical specifications

The broadcast license typically specifies the following information at minimum:

Additionally, they often specify the following:

Some countries also specify radio format or genre of television programming, in order to ensure diversity. Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the Longitude (ˈlɒndʒɪˌtjuːd or ˈlɒŋgɪˌtjuːd symbolized by the Greek character Lambda (λ is the east-west Geographic coordinate measurement In Telecommunications, a carrier wave, or carrier is a Waveform (usually Sinusoidal) that is modulated (modified with an input signal Frequency is a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit Time. In Telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a periodic Waveform, i In radio Telecommunications, effective radiated power or equivalent radiated power (ERP is a standardized theoretical measurement of radio frequency (RF Height above average terrain ( HAAT) (or less popularly EHAAT, Effective Height Above Average Terrain is used extensively in FM Radio and A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates greater power in one or more directions allowing for increased performance on transmit and receive In the field of antenna design the term radiation pattern most commonly refers to the directional (angular dependence of radiation from the antenna or other Medium Wave (MW is a part of the Medium frequency (MF radio band used mainly for AM broadcasting. Shortwave Radio operates between the frequencies of 3000 KHz (3 In Radio transmission, transmitter power output ( TPO) is the actual amount of power (in Watts of Radio frequency (RF energy A broadcast auxiliary service or BAS is any Radio frequency system used by a Radio station or TV station, which is not part of its direct An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into In Information technology, backup refers to making copies of Data so that these additional copies may be used to restore the original after a A subcarrier is a separate analog or Digital signal carried on a main radio transmission, which carries extra information such as Voice Digital radio describes Radio technologies which carry Information as a Digital signal, by means of a Digital modulation method This article is about Broadcast radio, for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set Broadcast programming, or scheduling, is the practice of organizing Television or Radio programs in a daily weekly or season-long schedule

References

External links

Regulators


Australian Communications and Media Authority is an Australian government agency whose main roles are to regulate Broadcasting, radiocommunications and Telecommunications The Ministry of Economic Development ( Manatū Ōhanga in Māori) in New Zealand has an overarching goal of promoting the development of The Office of Communications (Y Swyddfa Gyfathrebiadau or as it is more often known Ofcom is the independent regulator and competition authority for the Communication
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